中考英语句子成分复习课件.pptx

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1、Learing Objectives1. 复习各个词性的含义；复习各个词性的含义；2. 掌握各个句子成分的含义及符号：掌握各个句子成分的含义及符号：主（主（S）谓（谓（V）宾（）宾（O）表（）表（P）定（）定（Attri.）状）状（Adv.）补（）补（Oc）同位语（同位语（Appo.）；）；3.能够判断各个单词、短语或句子在句中所能够判断各个单词、短语或句子在句中所作的成分；作的成分；4. 掌握简单句的构成掌握简单句的构成Parts of Speech(词性)名词（n.）a teacheran umbrella love 表示表示人人、事物事物或或抽象抽象事物事物的名称。的名称。代词（pron

2、.）This is my brother. He has a ball. He enjoys himself playing with it.代替上文提及名词、数词、短语、句子等。代替上文提及名词、数词、短语、句子等。动词（v.）She is cooking. Look! 表示表示动作动作或或状态状态。She feels excited.形容词（adj.）The exercise is difficult. They are good students. 表示表示人或事物的特征或性状人或事物的特征或性状。副词（adv.）They run fast. Its very big. 表示表示动作或性

3、状的动作或性状的特征特征。介词（prep.）The book is on the desk. She stays at home. 表示名词、代词和其他词之间的关系。表示名词、代词和其他词之间的关系。连词（conj.）Tom and Jerry sometimes read or play sports together, but sometimes they fight with each other. 连接词与词连接词与词,短语与短语或句与句的词。短语与短语或句与句的词。数词（num.）two children the first day表示表示数量或顺序。数量或顺序。冠词（art.）I

4、have a pen. I have an apple.The pen is black. The apple is red. 放于名词前，帮助指明名词意义放于名词前，帮助指明名词意义感叹词（Inter.）Oh! What a sunny day! How beautiful the flowers are!表示强烈的感情的词表示强烈的感情的词content句子成分就是一个句子的各个组成部句子成分就是一个句子的各个组成部分。分。如果把一个句子看成是一棵树， 那么一颗树的组成部分有树干、树枝、树叶等；而一个句子的组成部分就有主语、谓语、宾语等。英语中的句子成分主要有(7)：主语主语(S)、谓语、

5、谓语(V)、宾语、宾语(O)、表语表语(P)、定语、定语(Attri.)、状语、状语(Adv.)、补语、补语(Oc)1.Hip-hop becomes more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To study in the school is a happy thing.5.Swimming is good for our health. 6. What we want is food. （名词）（名词）（代词主

6、格）（代词主格）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）1) 主语（主语（subject）动作和状态发生的主体，全句述说的对动作和状态发生的主体，全句述说的对象象“ “什么人什么人” “” “什么物什么物” ”，常置于常置于_。句首句首（句子）（句子）注：注：1. There is a pencil and some pens 1. There is a pencil and some pens in the box.in the box.2. Who are you waiting for?2. Who are you waiting for?3.3.在个别句型中，主语在整个

7、句子后面，这在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用时前面用it作形式主语作形式主语。eg:eg: It is important for us to study It is important for us to study English well. English well. 4.4.动词原型和介词都不能做主语动词原型和介词都不能做主语1.Do exercise is good for your health.2.The teacher with two of his students are walking into the classroom.There be 的主语在句中（的主

8、语在句中（be 动词后动词后)疑问句中主语常在疑问句中主语常在be/助助/情后情后I like football.Lucy needs a pen. Reading is a good way of study. There is some milk in the bowl. It takes him thirty minutes to finish his homework. 2) 谓语（谓语（predicate verb）说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。由由_担任。担任。2.The train leaves at 6 oclock.动词、动词短语动词、动词短语1. The b

9、oy made a cake.4.He can play the piano.3.She is singing in the room.注：注：1. 情态动词、助动词和动词原形一情态动词、助动词和动词原形一起构成谓语。起构成谓语。常置于主语后，与主语人称一致，常置于主语后，与主语人称一致，有多种时态。有多种时态。He doesnt like apples.1.John with two of his friends _ to play basketball every Sunday afternoon.A. go B. went C. goes D.gone2._ up and make yo

10、ur bed.A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets3._ up early is good for your health.A. Got B. Get C. Getting D.Gets小试牛刀小试牛刀祈使句，谓语动词用原形祈使句，谓语动词用原形3) 宾语宾语（object）6.They are talking about the show. 表示动作、行为的对象（接受者），常位于表示动作、行为的对象（接受者），常位于及物动词及物动词或或介词介词后后。由。由名词、代词宾格、不名词、代词宾格、不定式、动名词或从句充当定式、动名词或从句充当 (同主语同主语)。1.The

11、boy made a cake in the kitchen.2.He often helps me. 3.He decide to study hard. 4.Did you finish cleaning the house? 5.I think he is a good boy. 双宾语双宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语: 直接宾语直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语和间接宾语(Indirect Object), 称为双宾语称为双宾语.直接宾语直接宾语一般指物，一般指物，间接宾语间接宾语一一般指人般指人. 间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前间接宾语一般放在直

12、接宾语之前. He gave me a book. 间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语当间接宾语放在后面时当间接宾语放在后面时, 并必须在其前加并必须在其前加上介词上介词to或或for. He gave a book to me. 常见带双宾语的动词：常见带双宾语的动词：.间宾（间宾（sb）后置时前加介词）后置时前加介词for:buy/make/cook/get/pick/find2.间宾（间宾（sb）后置时前加介词）后置时前加介词to:give/take/bring/sell/tell/read/write/show注意注意: 如果直接宾语如果直接宾语(sth.)是人称代词是人称代词, 则则间

13、接宾语间接宾语(sb.)必须后置必须后置, 并在其前加上介并在其前加上介词词to或或for. Heres your report. Dont forget to show it to your parents.1.They are working on the farm now.(主、宾主、宾)2. She watched English programs. (谓、宾谓、宾)3. It takes me three hours to get there. (主主)5. What did you buy? (主、宾主、宾)6. Speaking doesnt mean doing. (主、谓主、

14、谓)1.The little boy is a student.2. Are you free?3.We were at home last night.4.My hobby is to watch TV.5.Thats why I was late.4) 表语表语（predicative）说明主语是什么或怎么样，用以表述主语的说明主语是什么或怎么样，用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。特征、状态、身份等。由由名词、形容词名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语或句子充当。数词、副词、不定式、介词短语或句子充当。常位于常位于系动词系动词之后。之后。 注意区分：注意区分：He is swimmi

15、ng.His favorite sport is swimming.（谓语）（谓语）（表语）（表语）2.Whats your name ?1.The little boy made a cake.3. The boy on the bike is Lilys brother.5) 定语（定语（attributive）定语在翻译定语在翻译 时常译为时常译为 “的的”4.The book my mother bought me is useful.定语是用来说明定语是用来说明名词品质与特征名词品质与特征的词，的词，_常作定语，常作定语，形物代、数词、名词、形物代、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或从句

16、也可作定语。介词短语、不定式或从句也可作定语。单个的词作定语一般单个的词作定语一般放在被修饰词放在被修饰词_，短语或句子作定语要短语或句子作定语要_._.形容词形容词前前后置后置当定语修饰不定代词当定语修饰不定代词/副词副词 something、anything、someone、somewhere等时，定语等时，定语要放其后作要放其后作后置定语后置定语 注意：eg: 我告诉他一些有趣的事情。我告诉他一些有趣的事情。 I tell him something interesting . 6) 状语（状语（adverbial）用以修饰用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.adj. /v. /adv.

17、及全句及全句, ,位置灵活。位置灵活。一般表示一般表示动作发生的时间、地点、条件、目动作发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度的、方式、程度等。常由等。常由副词副词、介词短语、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。不定式或句子充当。 1.The boy made a cake last night.2.The boy made a cake at home.3.The boy goes to school by bike. 注：注：The boy at home made a cake .4.I really like him.（一）副词作状语的位置：一）副词作状语的位置：修饰修饰形容词或副词形容词或

18、副词时放它们时放它们前面前面，如，如very good，so early放在放在句末句末修饰修饰动词动词，如，如very much，a lot，quickly，fast，high，slowly放在放在句中句中修饰动词，修饰动词，be/助助/情后，实义动情后，实义动词之前词之前，如：，如： often,also,only,ever,still有的副词在句子中位置灵活，如有的副词在句子中位置灵活，如sometimes（二）多个不同状语常见（二）多个不同状语常见4 个排序：方式个排序：方式 状语、目的状语、地点状语、时间状语。状语、目的状语、地点状语、时间状语。1. I am very happy.

19、 2. We often help him. 3. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . 4.He came here to visit his daughter yesterday. 5.Thank you very much/a lot. 7) 宾补（宾补（object complement） 对动词后的宾语进行补充说明。对动词后的宾语进行补充说明。由由n. /adj. /n. /adj. /介短介短 / /分词分词 / /不定式等担任。不定式等担任。1. They made him our monitor(班长班长).2. Pleas

20、e keep our classroom clean.3.My mother wants me to drink it.8) 同位语（同位语（appositive） 在一个句子中在一个句子中, 一个名词一个名词/代词代词/短语短语/从句从句, 放放在另一个名词或代词之后在另一个名词或代词之后, 用以说明它的性质用以说明它的性质或情况或情况, 被称为同位语被称为同位语。We all got a surprise.Liangliang, an 11-year-old boy, crosses the river every. We had something very special Malays

21、ian yellow noodles. 二、二、 勾画句中主语勾画句中主语Exercises: 一、选出句中谓语一、选出句中谓语1. The girl in red doesnt like the picture . A. doesnt like B. doesnt C. picture D. wall 2. He got up and brushed his teeth. A. brushed B. got up C. his teeth D. got up and brushed3. There will be a meeting at the library. A. will be B.

22、 meeting C. the library D. afternoon 4. What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is 三、分析下列划线部分句子成分三、分析下列划线部分句子成分1.My favorite subject is English.2.The bus stopped last night.3.It is a good place to have fun.4.Students in Grade Nine should be busy this year. 5.I felt unhappy yesterday.6.The movie made us relaxed.