2022年人教版七年级下册语法 .pdf

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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Unit 4Dont eat in class. 一短语1. in class 在课上2. on school nights 在上学的晚上3. school rules 校规4. no talking 禁止交谈5. listen to music 听音乐6. have to 不得不7. take my dog for a walk 带狗去散步8. eat outside 在外面吃饭9. in the hallway 在走廊上10. wear a uniform 穿制服11. arrive late for class 上学迟到12. after schoo

2、l 放学后17. be in bed 在床上13. practice the guitar 练习弹吉它14. in the cafeteria 在自助食堂里15. meet my friends 和我朋友见面16. by ten oclock. 十点之前18. the Childrens Palace 少年宫19. help my mom make dinner 帮助我妈做饭二重点句型1.Don t arrive late for school Don t be late for school2.Don t fight3.Don t listen to music in the classro

3、om.4.Don t run in the hallways5.Don t smoke. It s bad for your health.6.Don t play cards in school7.Don t talk in class8.Don t watch TV on school nights.9.Don t sleep in class. 10.Don t play sports in the classrooms. 11.Don t sing songs at night.12.Don t talk when you eat.13.Don t wear hats in class

4、.14.Do homework by 10:00. 15.Clean your house! 16.Make the bed. 17.Can we ? Yes ,we can. No, we can t.Eg:Can we arrive late for class ? No, we can t. We can t arrive late for class.18.Do you have to wash your clothes? Yes, I do./No, I don t.三重难点解析：1. 情态动词have to 的用法，意思是 必须、不得不 ，它侧重于客观上的必要和外界的权威。（ 1）

5、结构：主语have to动词原形其他（一般现在时 ，主语是第三人称单数时，用 has to；句子是过去时 ，用 had to.） 如：We have to wear sneakers for gym class. 在体育课上，我们必须穿运动鞋。Tom has to practice the guitar every day. 汤姆每天必须练习弹吉它。I had to get up at 5:00 am last Monday. 上周一，我不得不早上5 点起床。（2）否定形式：主语dont have to动词原形其他（一般现在时 ， 主语是第三人称单数时，用 doesnt have to. 句子

6、是过去时 ，用 didnt have to）如： Nick doesnt have to wear a uniform. 尼克不必穿制服。We didnt have to do our homework at once. 我们不必马上完成作业。（3）疑问句： Do （ Does或 Did）主语 have to 动词原形其他如：Do you have to stay at home on weekends? 周末你必须呆在家里吗？Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 10 页读书

7、之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思是的，我必须。不，我不必。Did he have to go to bed by 11:00 last night? 昨晚，他不得不 11 点前上床睡觉吗？2. 情态动词can 的用法（1）表示能力，会 能（在第一册中已经学习这种用法）Can you play the guitar? 你会弹吉它吗？Judy can speak a little Chinese. 朱蒂会说一点中文。 I can dance and sing. 我能唱歌又能跳舞。（2）表示允许、许可，可以 、能（在这一课中新学的词义）Can the students run in the hal

8、lways? 学生们可以在走廊上跑吗？We can eat outside. 我们可以在外面吃东西。Can I come in? 我能进来吗？注意同样是情态动词，can 和 have to 的用法是有区别的，和大部分情态动词一样，can在否定句中，直接在can后加上 not，在疑问句中，把can放到主语前面，并且没有人称和数的变化。3. hear，listen 和 sound 都有 听的意思，但三者是有区别的。（1）hear听说 ，侧重于 听的内容Im sorry to hear that you are ill. 听说你生病了，我很难过。I never heard such an inter

9、esting story. 我从来没听过这么有趣的一个故事。（2）listen听侧重于 听这一动作。 Listen to me carefully. 认真听我说。The children like to listen to music. 孩子们喜欢听音乐。（3）sound听起来 ，它是系动词，后面接形容词等。That sounds great. 那听起来真不错。It sounds like fun. 听起来挺有趣。. be in bed 在床上、卧床 in 和 bed 之间不能用冠词，bed 也不用复数。He is in bed for 10 years. 他卧床 10 年了。 Dave ha

10、s to be in bed early every night. 大卫每晚必须很早睡觉。. arrive late for 与 be late for 意思相近， 迟到 Dont arrive （be）late for school. 上学别迟到。 I arrived （ was）late for the meeting yesterday. 我昨天开会迟到了。. No talking ! 禁止交谈！ no 后面加上名词或动名词（doing）也表示不要做某事。与 dont +do 的用法相似。 No wet umbrellas! / Dont put wet umbrellas here!

11、禁止放湿雨伞！No food! Dont eat food here! 禁止吃食物！ No smoking! Dont smoke here! 禁止吸烟！7语法（祈使句）祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召或者劝告等的句子，这类句子的主语常是第二人称you，也就是听话者，因而you 常省去了。祈使句的开头是动词原形。如： Look out! 小心！ Wait here for me! 在这等我！Be sure to come here on time! 务必准时来到这里！祈使句的否定形式多以do not（常缩写成dont）开头，再加上动词原形。Dont arrive late for sch

12、ool. 上学别迟到。Dont fight! 别打架！Dont look Unit 5 Why do you like pandas? 一重点词组eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals at night in the day every day during the day 二. 交际用语1. Why do you like pandas? Because they re very clever. 2.

13、 Why does he like koalas? Because they re kind of interesting.3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa. 4. What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too. Why? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 10 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Because they re friendly and clever.5. Molly likes

14、to play with her friends and eat grass. 6. She s very shy.7. He is from Australia. 8He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves. 9He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day. 10 Let s see the pandas first.11 They re kind of interesting.12 What other animals do you like? 13

15、 Why do you want to see the lions? 三. 重点难点释义1、kind of 有点，稍微Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。kind 还有 “ 种类 ” 的意思如：各种各样的all kinds of We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school. 2、China n. 中国Africa n. 非洲China 和 Africa 都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写，而且和介词in 连用。There are many kinds of tigers in China. There

16、 are many kinds of scary animals in Africa. 3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的它是名词friend 的形容词形式，常常和be动词连用 , be friendly 。The people in Chengdu are very friendly. 4、with prep. 跟，同，和 在一起I usually play chess with my father. 注意区别与and 的用法， and 通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，如果有 I, I 通常放在and 之后，如：My father and I usually play c

17、hess together. Play with “和 一起玩耍 ”“玩 ”I often play with my pet dog. Don t play with water!5、day 和 night 是一对反义词，day 表示白天或一天，night 表示夜或夜晚。通常说 in the day, during the day, at night 。Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night. 6、leaf n. 叶子复数形式为： leaves, 类似的变化还有：wife wives, wolf wolves

18、, knife knives 等。7、hour n. 小时；点钟hour 前边通常加上冠词an 表示 “ 一个小时 ” ， 即： an hour。There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour. 8、be from 来自 be from = come from Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China. 9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“ 许多 ” 时，使用much 来修饰，即： much meat He eats much meat every day. 10、

19、 grass n. 草，为不可数名词，表示“ 许多 ” 时，使用 much 来修饰，即： much grass。There is much grass on the playground. 四. 语法知识特殊疑问句通常以“what”、 “who ” 、 “which”、 “when ”、 “where”、 “how ” 、 “how old ”、 “how many ”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：1. 疑问句 +一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：What s your grandfather s telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多

20、少？Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴？Where does he live? 他住在哪儿？How are you? 你好吗？How old are you? 你多大了？How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？2. 疑问句 +陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：Who is on duty today? 今

21、天谁值日？Which man is your teacher? 哪位男士是你的老师？我们学过的What/How about+ 名词 /代词 +其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。例如：I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢？精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 10 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？out of the window. 不要向窗外看Unit 6 I m watching TV

22、一现在进行时现在进行时的用法表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作现在进行时时间状语及标志性词 now 现在 at this time 在这时 at the moment 现在 look 看（后面有明显的“ ！ ” ） listen 听（后面有明显的“ ！” ） 现在分词的构成 一般在动词结尾处加ing Eg: go going look-looking 以不发音字母e 结尾的动词，去e 加 ing。Eg: write writing close-closing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词，如果末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个字母，再加ing. Eg: getgetting run runni

23、ng ( swim, run, put,get,sit,begin) 现在进行时的构成肯定句 : 主语 + am/is/are+ doing + 其他 +时状 . Eg: He is doing his homework now. 否定句：主语 +am/is/are +not+ doing+ 其他 +时状 . Eg: He is not doing his homework now. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + doing+其他 +时状？ Eg: Is he doing his homework now? 肯定回答： Yes,主语+am/is/are Eg Yes, he i

24、s. 否定回答： No, 主语 +am not/isn t/aren tEg: No, he isnt.Unit 7 It s raining!一短语：1 take photos/ pictures照像2 take photos/ pictures of sb/ sth给某人或某物照相3 have a good timehave funhave a great tame 玩得愉快4 work for sb / sth为某人工作Eg: Yuan Yuan works for CCTV s Around The World show5 on vacation度假Eg: There are many

25、 people here on vacation. 6 some-others-一些 另外一些 one the others.一个 另一个（两者之间）Eg: There are many students in the classroom. Some are writing, others are reading. 7 put on 穿上（动作）wear 穿着（状态）Eg: Tom is putting on his coat now. 8 on the beach在沙滩上Eg: Tom and his family are playing on the beach at this momen

26、t. 9 this group of people这一群人精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 10 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思10. in this heat 二重点句型1 How is the weather? 天气怎么样？In the raining. 在下雨。2 What are you doing? 你正在做什么？Im watching TV. 我在看电视。3 What are they doing? 他们在做什么？They are studying. 他们在学习。4 What is he doing?

27、 他在做什么？He is playing basketball . 他在打篮球。5 What is she doing ? 她在做什么？She is cooking . 她在做饭。三重难点解析1 询问天气情况的句式：(横线内容可替换) How is the weather in Beijing? (How is the weather today?) What s the weather like in Beijing? ( Whats the weather like today?)2 回答上面问题的句式：It s + adj. (形容词 ) Eg: Its windy. 3 How s i

28、t going (with you)? Not bad. Great! Terrible! Pretty good. 4 Thank you for joining CCTV s Around The Word show.5 I am surprised they can play in this heat. 6 Everyone is having a good time. 7 People are wearing hats and scarfs. wear 指穿衣服的状态。 put on 指穿衣服的动作。四谈论天气的日常用语1. It s sunny/rainy/cloudy. 今天是晴天

29、 /雨天 /阴天。2. Lovely weather,isn t it? 天气真好，是吗？3. It looks like rain. 看起来要下雨。4. It s raining cats and dogs. 正是瓢泼大雨。5. It seems to be cleaning up. 天似乎要转晴。6. It s blowing hard. 风刮得很大。7. It s snowing heavily. 正在下大雪。8. The snow won t last long. 雪不会持续太久。9. It s very foggy. 雾很大。10. The fog is beginning to l

30、ift. 正在收雾。11. It s thundering and lightening. 雷电交加。12. What s the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样？13. What s the weather report for tomorrow? 天气预报明天怎么样？14. It s quite different from the weather report. 这和天气预报相差很大。15. It s rather changeable. 天气变化无常。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 10

31、页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思16. What s the temperature? 温度是多少？17. It s two below zero. 零下二度。18. The temperature has dropped a lot today. 今天温度低多了。Unit 8 Is there a post office near here? 一Asking ways: ( 问路 ) 1 Where is (the nearest) ？ （最近的） 在哪里？2 Can you tell me the way to ？ 你能告诉我去 的路吗？3 How can I get to ？ 我

32、怎样到达 呢？4 Is there near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有 吗？5 Which is the way to ？ 哪条是去 的路？二 Showing the ways: （指路）1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。4. It is about one hundred metres from here.

33、离这里大约一百米远。5. You d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You d better+ 动词原形）三词组1. across from 在 的对面across from the bank 在银行的对面2. next to 紧靠 next to the supermarket 紧靠超市3. between and 在 和 之间between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间4. in front of 在 前面There is a tree in front of the classroom. 课

34、室前面有棵树。in the front of 在 （内）的前部There is a desk in the front of the classroom. 课室内的前部有张桌子。5. behind 在 后面behind my house 在我家后面6. turn left/ right 向左 /右拐on the left/right of 在某物的左 /右边on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边on one s left/right 在某人的左 /右边on my left 在我左边7. go straight 一直走8. down /along 沿着 （街道）do

35、wn/along Center Street 沿着中央街9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近10 welcome to 欢迎来到 11. take /have a walk 散步12. the beginning of 的开始 ,前端at the beginning of 在 的开始 ,前端in the beginning 起初，一开始13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快我昨天玩得很开心。I had fun yesterday. I had a good time yesterday. I

36、 enjoyed myself yesterday. 14. have a good trip 旅途愉快15. take a taxi 坐出租车16. 到达： get to +地方get here/ there/ home 到这 /那/家arrive in + 大地方I arrive in Beijing. arrive at +小地方I arrive at the bank. reach +地方17 go across 从物体表面横过go across the street 横过马路go through 从空间穿过go through the forest 穿过树林18 on + 街道的名称

37、。Eg: on Center Street at + 具体门牌号 +街道的名称Eg: at 6 Center Street 三重难点解析1enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish 和 enjoy，都是要带doing. I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。2hope to do sth 希望做某事I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。hope +从句I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望

38、明天将会晴朗。（从句即是一个小句子，这个小句子又放在大句子中，从属于大句子，所以叫从句。如tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 10 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the sup

39、ermarket. 如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。四本单元的反义词、近义词配对1newold 2 quiet- busy 3 dirty- clean 4 big- small Unit9 What does he look like? 一短语1 look like 看起来像 . 2 curly /short/straight/long hair 卷短直发3 medium height/build 中等高度身体4 a little bit 一点儿 5 a pop singer 一位流行歌手6 have a new look 呈现新面貌7 go shopping (do some sh

40、opping) 去购物8 the captain of the basketball team篮球队队长9 be popular with sb 为-所喜爱10 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事11 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情12 tell jokes/ stories 讲笑话 / 讲故事13 have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事14 remember ( forget) to do sth 记得（忘记）做某事（没有做的）15 remember (forget) doing sth 记得（忘记）做过某事（已做）16 one of - - 中的一个二

41、本单元的重点句：1 Is that your friend? No, it isn t.2 What does she look like? 3 I think I know her. ( I don t think I know her.)4 Wang Lin is the captain of the basketball team. 5 She s a little bit quiet.6 Xu Qian loves to tell jokes. 7 She never stops talking. 8 She likes reading and playing chess. 9 I d

42、on t think he s so great.10 I can go shopping and nobody knows me. 11 Now he has a new look. 三重难点解析1 What does/ do +主语+ look like? 询问某人的外貌特征，看上去什么样？Eg: What does your friend look like? 2 形容头发时，可按照先长短，后曲直，最后说颜色的顺序说。Eg: She has long curly black hair. 3 one of + 名词复数，谓语动词要用“ 单三 ” 形式。精选学习资料 - - - - - -

43、- - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 10 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Eg: One of his friends is a worker. 4 不定代词做主语时，谓语动词要用“ 单三 ” 形式。修饰不定代词词，应该放在它的后面Eg: I can go shopping and nobody knows me. 5 He is (通常为形容词，包括身高、体形等) He has （通常为形容词修饰的名词，包括头发、五官）He wears （穿、戴、留。可以是衣服、帽子、鞋子等，也可以是眼镜、手表、胡须）6 I don t think的用法表达否定的看法

44、I don t think she is good-looking. Unit 10 Id like some noodles 一 短语1beef and tomato noodlesnoodles with beef and tomato 牛肉西红柿面chicken and cabbage noodlesmutton and potato noodles tomato and egg noodlesbeef and carrot noodles 2 would like to do sth want to do sth 想要作某事3 what kind of noodles 什么种类的面条4

45、 what size bowl of noodles 什么大小碗型的面5 a largemediumsmall bowl of noodles 大中小碗的面6 ice cream冰淇淋orange juice 桔汁green tea 绿茶RMB 人民币 phone number 7 House of Dumplings noodles 饺子面馆Dessert House甜点屋二重点句型1 What kind of vegetablesmeat drink food would you like?I d like I d like chicken and cabbage noodles. 2.

46、What kind of noodles would you like? I d like beef noodles.3. What kind of noodles would you like? I d like chicken and cabbage noodles. 4. What size bowl plate of noodles would you like? I d like a large medium small bowl moodes. 5. What size cake would you like? I would like asmall birthday-cake.

47、三重难点解析1would like 想要（表示一种委婉的语气）其用法相当于want. would like + 名词would like an apple (want an apple) would like to do sth He would like to play soccer. -Would you like to see the dolphins? -Yes, I d like to.（1）would 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，可与人称代词缩写为d, 与其它情态动词一样可帮助完成疑问句和否定句。（你能举出例子吗？）我想要些牛肉。I d like some beef.精选学习资

48、料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 10 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思她想去打乒乓球。She would like to play ping-pang. （你能变否定句和疑问句吗？）（2) Would you like sth.? 是提建议的一种句型，如需用一些，用some 而不用 any. 肯定回答是：Yes, please./ All right./ Yes./OK. 其否定回答是：No, thanks. 2 What kind of noodles would you like? kind 在此句中作 “ 种类 ”

49、讲， a kind of 一种， all kinds of 各种各样的。kind of 有几分A cat is a kind of animal. There are all kinds of animals in the zoo The cat is kind of smart. 3Can I help you?你要买什么肯定Yes, please . I would like 否定No, thanks. Unit 11 How was your school trip? 一短语1. play +运动 play soccer play tennis play sports play the

50、+ 乐器play the guitar play with和某人物玩耍2 have +三餐have breakfast lunch supper 3. study for clean the room visit sb stay at home have a partytalk show 4 go to the beach go to the movies go for a walk go to the mountains 5 go shoppingdo some shopping go to the shop 买东西6 last weekendover the weekend 上周末on w