2022年新版版新目标八年级下学期期末知识点完全梳理 .pdf

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1、第1页 共 45 页Unit1 What s the matter？Section A 1. What s the matter? 怎么啦？出什么事情了？What s the matter with you? = Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 【拓展】 matter的用法It doesn t matter 没关系2. I have a cold 我感冒了I have a stomachache 我患胃痛I have a sore back. 我背痛。【解析 1】have a cold 受凉; 感冒have a/an +

2、 疾病名词“ 患病” (cold/fever/cough) have a sore throat 患喉咙痛have a sore back 患背痛have a fever 发烧have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒have a stomachache 患胃痛have a toothache 患牙痛have a headache 患头痛have a backache 患背痛3. She talked too muchyesterday and didnt drink enough water. 【解析 1】too much/too many/much too短语含义用法例句t

3、oo much 太多后接不可数名词There is too much rain these days 修饰动词，放在动词之后Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. too many 太多后接可数名词复数There are too many things for me to do. much too 太修饰形容词或副词It s much too cold in winter.【解析 2】enough 的用法(1) adj.足够的，充分的放在名词之前 enough time (2) adv. “足够地，十分，相当 ”放在 adj./adv 后 old

4、enough (3) be +adj. +enough to do sth be strong enough to carry the box. 4. drink some hot tea with honey.喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。【解析】 with ： prep 具有, 带有;和.一起;用. （反） without She is a girl with long hair. I like to talk freely with my friends. 5. see a dentist and get an x-ray. 看牙医并且拍张 x 光。see a dentist = go to a

5、dentist 看牙医see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生6. No, it doesnt sound like you have a fever . 不需要，听起来你不像发烧了。【解析】 sound like 听起来像，后接名词或名词性短语作表语。It sounds like a good idea. 【拓展】感官动词 + like feel like 摸起来像smell like 闻起来像look like 看起来像taste like 尝起来像7. At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhon

6、ghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 【解析】 see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事（看到动作发生的 全过程 ）see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（强调动作 正在发生 ）【解析】 lie lay lain v 躺下， (现在分词 lying ). lie down 躺下lie down and rest 躺下休息8. The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking t

7、wice.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 45 页第2页 共 45 页【解析】 24-year-old 24 岁的9. He got off and asked the woman what happened. 【解析】 get off 下车 (反） get on 上车【拓展】 get up起床get over克服；度过get out of 从出来get onalong well with 与相处融洽get to到达10. But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with h

8、im. 【解析 1】surprise v./n. 使吃惊 ,惊讶surprising adj. 令人吃惊的surprised adj. 吃惊的surprise sb.使某人吃惊The bad news surprised me. be surprised at对感到吃惊to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是in surprise 吃惊地【解析 2】agree v ( 反)disagree agreement n同意(1) agree with sb. 同意某人I agree with you. (2 )agree to do sth. 同意做某事11. Thanks to Mr. W

9、ang and the passengers , the doctor saved the man in time.【解析 1】 thanks to 多亏；由于thanks for “ 因而感谢 ”【解析 2】 on time 准时/ in time 及时【记】 She didn t catch the bus_, so she couldnt arrive there _.【短语】all the time 一直for the first time 第一次【句型】It s time to do sth =Its time for sth 是该做某事的时间了12. But the driver

10、didnt think about himself. 【解析】think about 考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑13. Do you agree that people often do not help others because they do not want to get into trouble? 【解析】 trouble n .问题；苦恼get into trouble陷入困难be in trouble 处于困境中have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难14. Did you fall down ?你跌倒了吗？【解析】

11、 fall fell fallen v 落下； 跌落fall down 摔倒She fell down from her bike fall off 指从某物上跌落下The girl fell off the bike. fall behind 落后fall asleep 入睡Section B 1. Someone felt sick. 有人生病了。【解析】 feel sick 生病；不舒服sick /ill adj. 生病的sick adj. “ 生病的 ” ，既可放 be (系动词 )后作表语，也可放 n.前作定语。ill 只能位于 be (系动词 )后作表语ill illness n.

12、 “病；疾病 ”2. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. 【解析】as prep，作为，以身份 。3. This is one of the most exciting things about doing dangerous sports. 【解析】 one of .之一精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 45 页第3页 共 45 页【结构】 “ one of + the +adj.最高级 +n 复数” 做主语，谓语动词用单数。One of the mo

13、st popular colors is red in China. 4. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. 【解析 1】lose lost lost v 失去lose one s life 失去生命【解析 2】because of 由于； 因为【拓展】 because/because of because 和 so 不能一起连用，二者只能用其一5. On April 26,2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation

14、when climbing in Utah. 【解析 1】on 修饰具体的某一天on a Sunday morning; on Friday 【解析 2】find found found v寻找(1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事(2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很 find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难6. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own lif

15、e. 【解析】run ran run v 跑run out of =use up 用完【区别】 ：run out of 其主语通常是人，后边要接宾语run out 其主语通常是物7. This means being I a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of . 【解析 1】mean meant meant v 意味着 meaning n 意思(1) mean doing sth. 意味着做某事(2) mean to do sth. 打算做某事【拓展】询问“. 的意思 ” 的常用句型：What does . mean?

16、 What is the meaning of.? 8. Aron tells of the importance of making good decision, and of being in control of ones life. 【解析 1】 important adj. 重要的（反） unimportant importance n 重要性My parents have taught me _(.的重要性 )of working hard. Anyone can see the _(important) of good health. 【解析 2】decide v 决定-deci

17、sion n 决定(1) decide to do sth= make up ones mind to do sth (2) make a decision 做决定9. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains. 【解析 1】“So + adj.+ that”“ 如此以至” 引导结果状语从句He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag. 【解析 2】 keep on (doing sth) 继续或坚持做某事We must kee

18、p on working hard in the coming new year. 10. Do we have the same spirit as Aron? 我们有阿伦那种精神吗？【解析】the same as 和.一样be not the same as = be different from 与.不同11. death【解析】 die v. death n. 死，死亡dead adj. 死的dying adj. 将死的12. Aron loves mountain climbing and doesnt mind taking risks. 【解析】mind v 介意n. 头脑，想法

19、，记忆【短语】 make up ones mind 下定决心never mind 不要紧change one s mind 改变主意keep in mind 记住【句型】 Would you mind doing sth 你介意做某事吗？精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 45 页第4页 共 45 页13. Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today. 【解析】 give up 放弃 (代词应放在动词词组的中间)g

20、ive up doing sth = stop doing sth 放弃做某事二、重点语法1. 情态动词 should的用法What should she do? Should I take my temperature ? 【解析 1】should “应该” 情态动词，后跟动词原形，表示建议1) 肯定句：主语+ should + do 2) 否定句：主语 + should not /shouldn t do 3) 一般疑问句： Should +主语+do 【解析 2】take ones temperature 量体温2. Jenny cut herself . 【反身代词】第一人称第二人称第

21、三人称单数myself yourself himself herself itself 复数ourselves yourselves themselves 1. 可用作宾语 ，当宾语和主语表示同一个人时。如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语，常用来加强语气。如： She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 3. 反身代词的常见搭配：teach one

22、self=learn by oneself 自学by oneself =alone 独自,单独help oneself to 随便吃introduce oneself to 自我介绍hurt oneself伤到自己look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time 玩得高兴Unit 2 I ll help to clean up the city parks. 1. give out 分发，发放【拓展】 give 构成的短语还有：give away 赠给，赠送give in

23、 屈服，投降give up 放弃give off 发出（气味、光、热等）2. come up with 提出，想出(1)表示“想出或提出”，相当于 think of I think she can come up with a good idea (2) come up with 还可表示“ 赶上” ,相当于 catch up with. We should study hard to come up with them 3. I ve run out of it. run out of 表示 “用完，用光”，其主语一般是人。【拓展】 run out of 还可表示“从跑出来” 。Bill r

24、an out of the room. run构成的短语还有 run away 逃走run after追赶run into difficulties 遇到困难4. I take after my mother.我长得像我妈妈。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 45 页第5页 共 45 页【辨析】 take after 与 look liketake after意为“长得像，行为、性格等像”,尤其是像自己的长辈。The boy takes after his father. 这个男孩长得像他爸爸。look like 可以用于

25、所有场合 ，既可指人也可指物，仅指外表看上去像。The man looks like our teacher. 这个男的看起来像我们的老师。【拓展】 take 构成的短语take up take off take place take one s time take care 5. set up 创办，建立set up 为副词短语，与 start, establish同义They ve set up a company. 他们创办了一家公司。与 set 相关的短语还有：set out 动身，开始（做某事）set off 出发，引起，激发6. You helped to make it poss

26、ible for me to have Lucky. it 是形式宾语You made it possible for me to catch up with others. 你让我有可能赶上其他人。7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life. Lucky 对我的生活产生了很大的影响。make a big difference 意为“对产生很大的影响” ，difference在此为“影响”的意思。【例题】 The heavy snow didn t _ the international airlines. A. pay attention to B.

27、 add to C. make a difference to D. keep to 8. imagine v. 想象，假想；以为，认为imagine （v.想象） imagination（n.想象） imaginative (adj.富于想象力的）9. help. out 帮克服困难，帮分担工作The teacher often helps his students out. 那位老师经常帮他的学生解决问题。10. be excited about. 对兴奋I m excited about the game of Li Na. 我对李娜的比赛感到兴奋。exciting 修饰物重点语法：动词

28、短语动词短语主要有以下四种构成形式：(1) 动词+介词这类动词短语主要有： agree with, ask for, arrive at, hear of, look at, take after, listen to等。这类动词后的宾语 无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。I m looking for my pen. Don t laugh at the poor man. (2) 动词+副词这类动词短语有： find out, give out, look up, put on, turn on/off, wake up, work out 等。这类动词后面的宾语是名词时，名词可放在副

29、词前面或后面；宾语是代词时，代词只能放在副词前面 。Please pick up the pen.= Please pick the pen up. It took him two hours to work it out. (3) 动词+名词+介词这类动词短语： have a look at, make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to 等。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 45 页第6页 共 45 页在这类动词短语中， 宾语都放在

30、介词之后 。You should pay more attention to your pronunciation. (4) 动词+形容词 +介词这类动词短语有： be angry with, be busy with, be good for, be different from, be interested in, be good at等。Unit3 Could you please clean your room? Section A 1. Peter, could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了吗？【解析 1】Could you pl

31、ease do sth ? 请你（做） .好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could 不是 can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can. 【常用答语】 肯定回答 ：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答 ： Sorry, I cant【解析 2】take out 取出（ v+ adv）跟代词做宾语，代词放中间；跟名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边【短语】 take out the trash 倒垃圾take a walk 散步take away 拿走，取走take back 收回take plac

32、e 发生take off 脱下； 起飞2. Can you do the dishes ？【结构 1】do the + 名词：do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具 /衣服【结构 2】do the + 动词-ing do the cleaning 打扫卫生【结构 3】do one s + 名词do one s housework/ homework 做家务 /家庭作业【结构 4】do some + 动词-ing do some reading/ shopping 读写书 /购物3. Could I at least finish watching this show? 【解析 1

33、】Could I do sth.? 我可以做 .吗？用于表达请求，语气比较委婉。Could I go out with my classmate this weekend? 【解析 2】at least 至少，多指数量或程度上的最低限度。(反) at most 至少，不超过4. I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 【解析 1】two hours of TV 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数形式。How time is flies! Three years _(be) really a short time.

34、 足够的，充分的（在句中作定语或表语）I don t have enough money with me. enough 足够；充分（放在形容词；副词后）The river is deep enough for swimming. 【记】 Mr. Smith has enough money, but he isnt kind enough to help others.【注意】 enough 修饰名词时，置于名词前；修饰形容词时，置于形容词之后。5. Could you take out the rubbish, fold the clothes and do the dishes? 【解析

35、】 take out 拿出；取出作 副词作 形 容精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 45 页第7页 共 45 页take 的用法：Please take some books to the classroom. take Take this medicine three times a day. They usually take the bus to work. It takes me two hours to do my homework every day. 【拓展】 take 构成的短语：take a walk 去

36、散步take a rest 休息take care of 照顾take off 脱下；起飞take up 占据take down 拿下take one s time 不急；慢慢来take one s temperature 量体温6. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 【解析 1】the minute = as soon as “ 一. 就.” Please write to me the minute you get there. 【解析 2】 in front of 指在物体 外部的前面There is

37、 a bike in front of the classroom. 【辨析】指在物体 内部的前面Our teacher is standing in the front of the classroom 【注意】 有 the 无 the 区别大： at table 吃饭；进餐at the table 在桌边in hospital 住院in the hospital 在医院（不一定看病）【解析 3】come over 过来【拓展】come 短语：come across （偶然）发现come back 回来come up with 想出come true实现come down下来come fro

38、m=be from 来自,出生于come in/into 进入,进来come on赶快,加油come along走吧,过来,快点come and go来来去去come up上来come out出来， (花)开，(照片)冲洗出来7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 【解析】 all the time = always 一直；总是【拓展】 与 time相关的短语 ：on time 按时in time 及时at the same time同时from time to time 偶尔the first tim

39、e 第一次at times 有时time and time again 一再；经常last time 上次 next time 下次8. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一样累！【解析】 as.as . 和.一样. 【注】 比较级倍数表达句型 为：倍数 +as+形容词、副词原级 +as+比较对象9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 【解析】 neither +助动词 /系动词 /情态动词+主语“ 某人（主语）也不”两者都不neither nor 既不也不, 连接两个词做

40、主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定拿；取吃；喝；服用乘（车；船等）花费（时间； 金钱）in front of in the front of 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 45 页第8页 共 45 页Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy. 【解析】 find +宾语+宾语补足语11. “ I m so sorry, Mom. I final

41、ly understand that we need to share the housework to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied.【解析 1】need v 需要用于肯定句，是实义动词。(1)人做主语， sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事(2)物做主语， sth need doing sth= sth need to be done Students need _(have) a good rest in studying. The watch needs_(mend). 用于否定句或疑问句，是情态动词(1)

42、neednt = dont have to 没有必要(2) need, must 引导的一般疑问句，肯定会的用must,否定回答用 neednt Must I go there now? Yes，you must/No, you needn t【解析 2】share 分享；共用share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物12. Could I hang out with my friends after the movie? 【解析】 hang out 闲逛hang up 把.悬挂/挂起13. Could you please pass me the salt ? 【解析】 pass

43、 v 给；递；pass sb. sth 把某物递给某人pass on 传递v 通过；路过I pass your home. v 通过（考试）；及格Tom can pass his math exam. 14. Could I borrow that book? Could you lend me some money? 【解析】 borrow /lend/keep(1) borrow 与 from 连用，尤指主语 “ 【借进来 ” 】borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那借某物You can borrow the book from the library. (2) lend 借出

44、,与 to 搭配 【指借出去】lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人He doesn t want to lend his book to others.(3) keep 保留，保存（延续动词，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用）【指借一段时间】【记】 I want to _ a bike from my friend but he didnt _ it to me, because Tom had _ it for two days. 15. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet. 【解析】 try (

45、not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。【拓展】(1)try on 试穿(2) try to do sth 努力做某事【侧重尽力做】(3) try doing sth 试图做某事【侧重尝试做】(4) try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事16. I hate to do chores.我讨厌做家务。【解析】 hate to do sth . 表示某次具体行为或动作。I hate to trouble him. hate doing sth. 表示经常或习惯性行为或动作。She hates smoking in

46、her 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 45 页第9页 共 45 页room. 17. Could I ask you to help me with some chores then? 【解析】 ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 请求，要某物ask sb. about sth 向某人询问关于某事(1)ask sb. for help 向某人请求帮助(2) ask sb. (not) to do sth请求某人做某事ask构成的短语：ask sb. to do sth 请某人做某事ask

47、 sb. not to do sth 不让某人做某事ask sb for sth 向某人要某物ask for help 寻求帮助18. Ill finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. 【解析 1】finish doing sth 完成某事【解析 2】while conj. “在期间； 当的时候 ” , 引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续动词 。【解析 3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人。【注】 help v 帮助 helpful adj. 有帮助的(1) help sb. do sth. =help

48、 sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事(2) with the help of sb.=with ones help在某人的帮助之下(3) without the help of 没有在 的帮助之下Unit 4 Why dont you talk to your parents?Section A 1. Why dont you talk to your parents? 【解析】 Why dont you do sth ?= Why not do sth? 为什么不 .呢？【拓展】 用于提建议的句型 有：(1)What about doing sth ?=How about doing

49、 sth? . 怎么样？(2)Why don t you do sth?= Why not do sth? 为什么不呢？(3)Let s do sth. (4)Shall we/I do sth? (5)had better do/not do sth (6) Will/Would you please do sth (7) Would you like to do sth? (8)Would you mind doing sth？【回答】(1). 同意对方的建议 时，一般用： Good idea./ Thats good idea. 好主意OK/ All right./ Great 好/ 行

50、/太好了 Yes, please ./ I d love to 是的/ 我愿意 I agree with you 我同意你的看法 No problem 没问题Sure/ Of course/ Certainly 当然可以 Yes, I think so 对，我也这样想(2). 对对方的帮助或要求表示 委婉谢绝 时，一般用： I don t think so 我认为不是这样 Sorry, I cant 对不起，我不能精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 45 页第10页 共 45 页 I d love to, but I m a