2014年国培--中学英语语音教学--张慧军.ppt

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1、How to teach English phoneticsin junior secondary schools初中英语语音教学初中英语语音教学张慧军张慧军What do you think of your pronunciation? What do you think of your students pronunciation? Why teach phonetics ？What to teach ？How to teach phonetics ？ When to teach phonetics ？ Why teach phonetics ？综合语言综合语言运用能力运用能力情感态度情感

2、态度学习策略学习策略文化意识文化意识语言技能语言技能语言知识语言知识国际视野国际视野祖国意识祖国意识合作精神合作精神自信意志自信意志兴趣动机兴趣动机交际策略交际策略资源策略资源策略调控策略调控策略认知策略认知策略跨文化交际跨文化交际文化理解文化理解文化知识文化知识话题话题功能功能语法语法词汇词汇语音语音写写读读说说听听课程目标课程目标 To help lay a good foundation for learning To help lay a good foundation for learning English vocabularyEnglish vocabulary To help

3、with listening and speaking To help with listening and speaking To affect reading and writingTo affect reading and writing To build up students confidence in To build up students confidence in learning English learning English To improve understandingTo improve understanding To create a favorable im

4、pressionTo create a favorable impression学生发音存在的问题学生发音存在的问题 1 1 汉语中韵母无长短音之分，而英语的元音则有长短音之分。致使学生在发长元音时不够长，发短元音时不够短。 2 2 发汉语韵母音时一般都开口不大，致使学生在发 和 等音时口开得不够大。 3 3 英语前元音 与汉语拼音e的形状相似，学生可能常会把英语的 误读为汉语拼音的e。 4 受汉语双韵母音的影响，学生在发双元音时没有滑动过程和口型变化。 5 汉语里没有的音素如 tr dr等，学生在学习时往往用汉语与英语相近似的音代替，这是不允许的。 6 汉语里没有辅音连缀现象，学生在初学英语

5、时往往在两个辅音之间加上一个元音，如把grade读成g r d等等 7 汉语中没有失去爆破这一语音现象，学生往往把goodbye, sit down等中的爆破音d, t读得太重。 8 在汉语中声母的清浊概念不很清楚，致使学生在发清辅音时声带振动，发浊辅音时用力不够，声带振动不够。此外，有些学生在没有掌握英语发音之前，用汉字来注英语，这是绝对不允许的。What What problemsproblems do students have with do students have with English pronunciation?English pronunciation? Using th

6、e wrong soundUsing the wrong sound Making long vowels shortMaking long vowels short Leaving sounds outLeaving sounds out Adding soundsAdding sounds Putting stress on the wrong syllable in a wordPutting stress on the wrong syllable in a word Putting stress on the wrong word in a sentencePutting stres

7、s on the wrong word in a sentence Using the wrong intonation pattern Using the wrong intonation pattern (G. Poedjosoedarmo, 2007 (G. Poedjosoedarmo, 2007) 、What to teach ？义务教育英语课程标准（义务教育英语课程标准（20112011年版）年版） 附录一附录一 语音项目表语音项目表 1语音教学是语言教学的重要内容之语音教学是语言教学的重要内容之一。自然规范的语音、语调将为有效一。自然规范的语音、语调将为有效的口语交际打下良好的基

8、础。语音教的口语交际打下良好的基础。语音教学应注重语义与语境、语调与语流相学应注重语义与语境、语调与语流相结合，不要一味追求单音的准确性。结合，不要一味追求单音的准确性。义务教育英语课程标准（义务教育英语课程标准（20112011年版）年版） 附录一附录一 语音项目表语音项目表 2在英语教学起始阶段，语音教学主在英语教学起始阶段，语音教学主要应通过模仿来进行，教师应提供大要应通过模仿来进行，教师应提供大量听音、模仿和实践的机会，帮助学量听音、模仿和实践的机会，帮助学生养成良好的发音习惯。生养成良好的发音习惯。义务教育英语课程标准（义务教育英语课程标准（20112011年版）年版） 附录一附录一

9、 语音项目表语音项目表 3英语有不同的口音，如：英国口音英语有不同的口音，如：英国口音、美国口音等。教学中，应让学生在、美国口音等。教学中，应让学生在基本掌握一种口音的基础上，适当接基本掌握一种口音的基础上，适当接触不同的口音，为他们发展交际能力触不同的口音，为他们发展交际能力打下基础。打下基础。义务教育英语课程标准（义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）年版） 附录一附录一 语音项目表语音项目表1基本读音基本读音 （1）26个字母读音个字母读音（2）元音字母）元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u在重读音节中的读音在重读音节中的读音（3）元音字母在单词中的基本读音）元音字母在单词中的基本读音

10、（4）常见的元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音）常见的元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音（5）常见的辅音字母组合在单词中的基本读音，）常见的辅音字母组合在单词中的基本读音，如：如：th, sh, ch等等（6）辅音连缀的读音，如）辅音连缀的读音，如black, class, flag, glass, plane, sleep, bright, cry, sky, small, speak, star, street, splash, spring, screen, programme, quiet义务教育英语课程标准（义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）年版） 附录一附录一 语音项目表语音项目表（7）

11、成节音的读音，如）成节音的读音，如table, people, uncle, single, middle, little, parcel, basin, cousin, often, seven2重音重音（1）单词重音）单词重音（2）句子重音）句子重音3意群的读音意群的读音（1）连读和失去爆破）连读和失去爆破（2）弱读与同化）弱读与同化4语调与节奏语调与节奏（1）语调（升调，降调）语调（升调，降调）（2）节奏）节奏How to teach?语音教学的技巧和方法语音教学的技巧和方法1Imitation (模仿模仿) There is no doubt that imitation is one

12、 of the keys, perhaps the golden key, to success in pronunciation.Eckersley, C. E.模仿模仿 模仿模仿的目的在于确保语音、语调的正确和的目的在于确保语音、语调的正确和提高表达的流利程度。模仿的时候，口齿提高表达的流利程度。模仿的时候，口齿要尽量清楚；在刚开始模仿时，速度不要要尽量清楚；在刚开始模仿时，速度不要过快，用慢速模仿，以便把音发到位，等过快，用慢速模仿，以便把音发到位，等到发音准确后，再加快速度，用正常的语到发音准确后，再加快速度，用正常的语速反复多说几遍，直到不用想就能用正常速反复多说几遍，直到不用想就能

13、用正常语速把句子轻松地说出来。对于自己读不语速把句子轻松地说出来。对于自己读不准或比较生疏的单词要反复多听几遍，然准或比较生疏的单词要反复多听几遍，然后再反复模仿，逐个单词地练习，在那些后再反复模仿，逐个单词地练习，在那些常用词上下功夫，尽量模仿得像一些。常用词上下功夫，尽量模仿得像一些。2Repetition ( (复述复述) )复述复述是一种很好的自我训练口语，记忆单是一种很好的自我训练口语，记忆单词和句子的方法。词和句子的方法。 复述方式复述方式 阅读后复述；听录音后复述阅读后复述；听录音后复述 听录音后复述：既练听力，又练口语表达听录音后复述：既练听力，又练口语表达能力。可以提高注意力

14、的集中程度，提高能力。可以提高注意力的集中程度，提高听的效果，而且还可以提高记忆力，克服听的效果，而且还可以提高记忆力，克服听完就忘的毛病。听完就忘的毛病。 复述要循序渐进复述要循序渐进 复述的内容要有所选择复述的内容要有所选择 听音模仿：听和模仿是正确说的基础，听是第一位的，模仿是第二位的。听和模仿的时候，学生要看相应的形。 读音：看词读或是看音标读，建议用熟词配上音标读，可以减轻学生的学习负担。A sheep /i:/A ship /i/A sheep is not a ship! A ship is not a sheep!Use minimal pairs （最小对立体）（最小对立体）

15、/ 3: / a bird the worker/ / the worker The worker has a bird./ / Cat/ e / BedWhats this? Its a bed.Whats on the bed?Oh! My god! Its a cat!A cat is on the bed!/a:/ Father/ Mother Father and mother, mother and father, they give me a hug(拥抱)!/ : / door / / dog Look! Its a door. Whats behind the door？ O

16、h, its a dog. A dog is behind the door./u:/ Cool/u/ LookOh, you look so cool! / e i/ name/ a i/ I myWhats your name? I am Kate.Whats your name? My name is Mike./ i/ boy/ u / goal /3:/ girlThe boy is looking at the girl. The girl is kicking a goal.A goal and a girl. We kick a goal but cant kick a gir

17、l./au/ out/i/ here/e/ there/u/ Sure Lets say it out: Here and there, we are the best! Are you sure? Yes! Here and there, we are the best!be me he she tea eat sea seat meat beat each teach beach reach bean mean bee beef see seem seen been meet free tree three street deep keep jeep sleep sweep sheep g

18、reen agreeit is hit bit sit fit six mix big pig dig this his him with too zoo moon soon noon spoon school cool pool tool food room broom afternoonbook look cook took good stood wood footcar card hard yard guard far farm farmer arm army art part party star start park shark mark market large class gla

19、ss grass pass last fast past heartus bus but cut nut must shut luck duck truck sun run gun bun fun funny sunnyor for form born worn forty nor north morning short sport port your four door floor all ball tall wall talk walknot hot pot got lot shot box fox dog fog frog sock lock clock rock pocket rock

20、etsir girl bird third thirty thirsty birth birthday first early earth learn her term turn burn work word world worm worse worst other mother brother father worker teacher player actor doctor visitoran and hand band sand at cat catch match hat that chat glad bad mad dad sadegg leg beg desk check sell

21、 tell bell fell shell spell smell head heavyname same game tame shame blame make take cake snake wake skate late plate hate gate safe tape shape say may day play pay stay way away rain train again gain pain they eightI hi like bike nice ice rice price life knife wife right light flight fight night b

22、right might sight boy toy joy enjoy oil boil soil toiletname same game tame shame blame make take cake snake wake skate late plate hate gate safe tape shape say may day play pay stay way away rain train again gain pain they eightI hi like bike nice ice rice price life knife wife right light flight f

23、ight night bright might sight boy toy joy enjoy oil boil soil toilet ear dear near hear fear clear here idea really air hair chair fair pair bear wear pear care hare dare share spare square where sure poor no go so hello know snow slow low blow show grow row throw coat coast boat goat throat how now

24、 cow wow down town brown flower tower power out about shout house mouse 3Making connections Connect phonetic teaching with practice Connect phonetic teaching with practice of words, phrasesof words, phrases，sentences, texts, etcsentences, texts, etc seafood I like seafood. I like eating seafood. I l

25、ike eating seafood on the seashore.I like eating seafood on the seashore with I like apples because they keep the doctor away.I like oranges because they taste fresh.I like pineapples because they look interesting.But I hate bananas because they are yellow. Whose book is this? Its mine. Its mine. Wh

26、ose work is this? This beautiful work. Its mine. Its mine. Its mine. Its mine. Whose work is this ? This awful work. Its his. Its his. Its his. Its his. Are you sure its not yours? No,no. its not mine. Are you sure? Im sure. Its his? Its his. Its not yours? Its not mine. Tall trees, tall trees, big

27、tall trees. Tall trees, tall trees, big tall trees. Big trees, tall trees. Big trees, tall trees. Big, tall trees. Big trees, tall trees. The coast of California Big trees, tall trees. is a beautiful sight, Tall trees, tall trees, with the tall trees, tall trees. Big, tall trees. big, tall trees. Bi

28、g trees, tall trees. The coast of California Big trees, tall trees. is a beautiful sight, Tall trees, tall trees, with the tall trees, tall trees. Big, tall trees. big, tall trees. Big trees, tall trees, big trees, tall trees. Big, tall trees. It was raining, raining, raining, raining hard. It was f

29、alling, falling, falling on the stars. Sweet rain, Raining, raining. Soft rain, Raining, raining. Warm rain, Raining, raining. Sweet, soft, warm rain, Raining, rainining. Sweet, soft, warm rain, Raining, rainining. Raining, raining, raining, raining. Twin Twinkle, kle, twintwinkle, kle, lit little t

30、le starstar, , HowHow I I wonwonder der whatwhat you you areare. . Up Up a abovbove the e the worldworld so so highhigh, , LikeLike a a di diamond amond in in the the skysky. . TwinTwinkle,kle, twin twinkle, kle, lit little tle starstar, , HowHow I I wonwonder der whatwhat you you areare. .Lazy, laz

31、y,lazy,lazy, lazy, lazy JaneShe wants a drink of water, so she waits, and waits and waits and waits and waits and waits for it to rain.Who has seen the wind? Neither you nor I.But when the trees bow down their heads The wind is passing by. Cristina RossettiNothing should be spoken before it has been

32、 heard.Nothing should be read before it has been spoken.Nothing should be written before it has been read. L. G. Alexander Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing4“音音.形形.义义.用用”一体一体-语境法语境法（一）用（一）用Chant进行语音教学进行语音教学（二）用（二）用Tongue-Twister进行语音教学进行语音教学（三）用（三）用Rhyme进行语音教学进行语音教学（四）用（四）用Story进行语音教学进行语音教学（五）

33、用（五）用Proverb进行语音教学进行语音教学 （一）用（一）用Chant进行语音教学进行语音教学Where-thereBear-pear Bear, bear, there is a bear. Pear, pear, there is a pear. Bear, pear, where is a bear? Where is a pear? On the tree. I have seen you walk along the way home with heavy bags, I have heard you greet me happy birthday, I have felt y

34、ou are around me and call my name, I have remembered you take me to climb the hill. I have seen you turn around and smile at me, I have heard you talk to me on the phone, I have felt you encourage me when I meet frustration, I have remembered we see the sunset on the hill. I have seen your pale face

35、 in the patients room, I have heard you assure us you will be OK, I have felt your determination and bravery, I have remembered the last time when I saw you. I have seen you whenever I look, I have heard your voice whenever I listen, I have felt you are with me whenever I think of you, I have rememb

36、ered the past days with you whenever I look back, Because you are always in my heart, dear grandpa.（二）用（二）用Tongue-Twister进行进行语音教学语音教学 所编写的绕口令应该是能够真实地运用在语境中,且应该尽量用简单句;同时,在编写绕口令时,教师一定要先决定绕口令的训练目的,利用学生学过的词汇编一些例子,并要求学生反复,连续朗读,在正确朗读的基础上再加快速度。 绕口令绕口令1Mike likes to write under the bright light at night. 2H

37、e kisses the misses and she misses the kisses. 3An apple a day keeps a doctor away. 4There are thirty-three trees there. 5She sells seashells on the sea shore. 6There is no need to light a night light on a light night like tonight; for a night lights just a slight light. 8A man has a fat hand with a

38、 big ham.9Heres a cat ,wearing a hat , sitting on a mat ,and watching a rat . 10A pink pencil is in a purple pencil case.11The light on the right is very light at night. 12Its eight, and Im late. So he closed the gate. 13The baby and the lady are playing by the lake.14Good cookies could be cooked by

39、 a good cook if a good cook could cook good cookies.（三）用（三）用Rhyme进行语音教学进行语音教学 The little cat The little cat is mad. The little cat is sad. The little cat feels very bad. Little cat, little cat, Why are you so mad and so sad? Good morning to all who walk, Good morning to all who crawl; Good morning t

40、o all who soar, Or swim, good morning, I call. To broad and to small to short and to tall; Good morning, good morning to all. Mr Black is a funny man. Everything he likes is black.Black hats, black bag,Black dogs, black cats.Yes, hes a funny man. There is a little bee. Coming from the apple tree. Fl

41、ying in the flowers. And cant see me.Rose will be riding in the ray,Birds will be singing on her way,Fish will be swimming in the bay,Deer will be coming in the play,Grass will be nodding by the lake, Rose will be having a good day.（四）用（四）用Story进行语音教学进行语音教学 One day, a country mouse wants to visit hi

42、s friend in the town. But he doesnt know the way. He walks and walks, and he sees a brown cow under a tree. He stops and asks him: “brown cow, brown cow, how can I go to the town?” Brown cow answers, “its far from this mountain, I dont know.” “Thanks! I must go now.” says the mouse. And then he walk

43、s and walks. After an hour later, he sees a small house. In front of the house, there is a horse. Its mouth is very big. He stops and asks him: “Mr Horse, how can I go to the town?” “Are you kidding? The town is over there, isnt it?” says the horse. I like seafood very much. I invited my girl friend

44、 last Sunday to a seafood restaurant. I welcome her at the gate with a big bunch of flowers and a broad smile. We were pleased to see each other and hand in hand, we went into the restaurant romantically. But as I sat down at the table, I felt something thin and hard under my foot. “What is it?” I w

45、ondered. I looked down at it and found a pencil on the floor. “ Oh, whose pencil is it?” I thought.（五）用（五）用Proverb进行语音教学进行语音教学 No pain, no gain.Health is wealth.East or west. Home is best.When the wind is in the EastIts good for neither man nor beast;When the wind is in the NorthThe skilful fisher g

46、oes not forth;When the wind is in the SouthIt blows the bait in the fishs mouth;When the wind is in the WestThen its at its very best.Evening red and morning grey,Send the traveler on his way;Evening grey and morning red,Bring the rain upon his head.Spring is green,Summer is bright,Autumn is golden,

47、Winter is white.Year in year out,We work and fightFor a new world of red sunlight.语音教学中注意的问题语音教学中注意的问题: :1、在训练时要注意从学生熟悉的词开始、在训练时要注意从学生熟悉的词开始,教教给学生拼读方法。给学生拼读方法。2、语音语音拼拼读是要求学生掌握英文字母在单词读是要求学生掌握英文字母在单词中的发音并正确读出。拼读训练先从单音中的发音并正确读出。拼读训练先从单音节词开始，然后再拼读双音节词和多音节节词开始，然后再拼读双音节词和多音节词。如果是拼读双音节或多音节词的时候词。如果是拼读双音节或多音

48、节词的时候，要注意重音。，要注意重音。语音教学中注意的问题语音教学中注意的问题: :3、发音规则对学生掌握英语发音十分有利，但在、发音规则对学生掌握英语发音十分有利，但在学生学习英语的初级阶段，教师不必太过于对学学生学习英语的初级阶段，教师不必太过于对学生进行这方面的训练。如果学生有了一定的语音生进行这方面的训练。如果学生有了一定的语音基础（大量输入基础（大量输入 ），就可以进行这方面的训练了，），就可以进行这方面的训练了，但要注意循序渐进。但要注意循序渐进。 4、重音、语调与语音在英语中同样重要，要进行、重音、语调与语音在英语中同样重要，要进行重音和语调的训练。重音和语调的训练。5、根据语言

49、学习的实践性，语音的学习也要通过、根据语言学习的实践性，语音的学习也要通过大量的实践，要给学生以更多的练习机会，少讲大量的实践，要给学生以更多的练习机会，少讲语音知识，在练习中巩固和提高。语音知识，在练习中巩固和提高。语音教学中注意的问题语音教学中注意的问题: :6、 根据语言学习的意义性，音标的学习要根据语言学习的意义性，音标的学习要与词汇的学习相结合，避免过多的单音的与词汇的学习相结合，避免过多的单音的练习。过多的单音练习是没有意义的。练习。过多的单音练习是没有意义的。7、根据语音学习的长期性，不要过多纠正学、根据语音学习的长期性，不要过多纠正学生的发音，相信学生在今后的学习过程中生的发音

50、，相信学生在今后的学习过程中会不断校正自己的发音。会不断校正自己的发音。8、通过听录音来学习或纠正学生的发音。、通过听录音来学习或纠正学生的发音。语音教学中注意的问题语音教学中注意的问题: :9、鼓励为主，不重复学生的错误。、鼓励为主，不重复学生的错误。10、不能急于求成不能急于求成 ，耐心，耐心+信心。信心。共勉：共勉： 梳理教材梳理教材 渗透语音渗透语音 听音知形听音知形 见形知音见形知音When to teach phonetics When to teach phonetics ？ Pronunciation practice should come more Pronunciatio