最新复件四级写作讲义幻灯片.ppt

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1、复件四级写作讲义复件四级写作讲义时间流程表时间流程表8：50-9：00试音时间试音时间 9：00-9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷播放考场指令，发放作文考卷 9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试取下耳机，开始作文考试 作文（作文（9：10- 9：40）9：35 发放含有快速阅读的试题册发放含有快速阅读的试题册 快速阅读（快速阅读（9：40- 9：55 ） 9：55-10：00 收答题卡一收答题卡一10：00-11：20 所有题目在答题卡二上作答所有题目在答题卡二上作答 听力（听力（10：00-10：35） 仔细阅读理解（仔细阅读理解（10：35-11：00）完形填空（完形填空（11：00-11：1

2、5） 翻译（翻译（11：15-11：20）收答题卡二）收答题卡二写作总论写作总论写作部分考核的技能是：A.A.思想表达思想表达1）.表达中心思想2）.表达重要或特定信息3）.表达观点、态度等B.B.篇章组织篇章组织4）.围绕所给的题目叙述、议论或描述，突出重点5）.连贯地组句成段，组段成篇 写作总论写作总论C.C.语言运用语言运用6）.运用恰当的词汇7）.运用正确的语法8）.运用合适的句子结构9）.使用正确的标点符号10）.运用衔接手段表达句间关系(如对比、原因、结果、程度、目的等)D.D.写作格式写作格式11）.运用正确的符合英语表达习惯的写作格式 写作总论写作总论评分标准：评分标准：2-4

3、2-4分分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或在部分句条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或在部分句子均有错误，且多数严重错误。子均有错误，且多数严重错误。5-75-7分分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。的严重语言错误。 8-108-10分分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多强连贯；语言错误相当多, ,其中有一些是严重错误。其中有一些是严重错误。 11-1311-13分分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错

4、误。言错误。14-1514-15分分 切题。表达思想清楚，条理清晰，语言通顺，切题。表达思想清楚，条理清晰，语言通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。应试技巧应试技巧 一一. 审题构思审题构思 二二布局谋篇布局谋篇/草拟提纲草拟提纲 三内容写作三内容写作 四检查修改四检查修改 Writingsteps 1: do preparations for writing (5 minutes) a:understand the topicindetailfirstly b:write an outlineforthecomposition c:p

5、ut key relevant words downaccordingtotheoutline 2: scratch off the beginning and ending for a composition (5 minutes) 3: accomplish your writing (15 minutes) 4: check your composition (5 minutes)一、审题一、审题 主题主题 题型：题型： 文字命题：文字命题：明确的标题明确的标题和和提纲要点提纲要点或或起始句起始句 图表命题：图表命题：图表图表或或相应的文字提示信息相应的文字提示信息 应用文应用文 体裁：

6、体裁：议论文议论文，说明文，记叙文说明文，记叙文和和应用文应用文 从近些年看，四级作文不是单一的体裁，而是几种体裁的糅合体。二布局谋篇，确定文章段落结构 1. 将文章合理分段：通常为将文章合理分段：通常为3-5段，并且基本上段，并且基本上包括包括开头，主体，结尾开头，主体，结尾三个部分。三个部分。 2. 确定相应的写作方法。检查文章写作角度是确定相应的写作方法。检查文章写作角度是否合理：否合理： 是否适合文章主题的体现。是否适合文章主题的体现。 先列出内容的主干，确定每段的主题句内容，先列出内容的主干，确定每段的主题句内容，再一一增加细节，最终形成完整的内容提纲。再一一增加细节，最终形成完整的

7、内容提纲。 3.条理条理二布局谋篇，确定文章段落结构 3. 条理条理 保证不跑题是写作当中第一重要任务，第二个重要任务就是条理清楚。 对于议论文来说，正反面论述要清楚。 对于说明文来说，1、2、3条要清楚，对于描述文要来，谁干什么要清楚。 衔接过度及逻辑关系（转折，因果，比较，举例）四级作文题型四级作文题型现象解释型：现象解释型：对比（利弊）分析型；对比（利弊）分析型；问题解决（途径方法）型；问题解决（途径方法）型；观点论证型；观点论证型；图表作文图表作文;应用文。应用文。四级作文四级作文现象解释型现象解释型这类作文多为提纲式作文或图表式作文，说明文体裁。这类这类作文多为提纲式作文或图表式作文

8、，说明文体裁。这类命题要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释，并加以评论。这类命题要求考生对某一社会现象进行解释，并加以评论。这类作文的基本模式是：作文的基本模式是：第一段：描述现象，引起话题；第一段：描述现象，引起话题；第二段：分析现象，解释或阐述这种现象或存在的原因；第二段：分析现象，解释或阐述这种现象或存在的原因；第三段：针对现象做出评论，提出建议或总结观点。第三段：针对现象做出评论，提出建议或总结观点。 Title: On Job-hopping Outline 1 job hopping is a common phenomenon 2 the reasons for job hopping

9、: low income; great pressure; less likely to be promoted3 the result of job hopping: lack of experience and training 4 solutions or advice for settling the problem as to individuals: learn to adapt to jobs as far as companies are concerned, in the long run, it is better to accommodate employees inco

10、me for the sake of its development 四级作文四级作文现象解释型现象解释型例：例：2007.12Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short passage entitled What Electives to Choose. You should write at least 120 words following he outline given below:1. 各大学为学生开设了多种多样的选修课各大学为学生开设了多种多样的选修课2. 学生出于各种原因选择不同的选

11、修课学生出于各种原因选择不同的选修课3. 以我自己为例以我自己为例四级作文四级作文现象解释型现象解释型范文范文What Electives to Choose Nowadays, there exist a wide range of selective courses in college which are ready for the undergraduates to choose from. These courses make the students college life more colorful. However, as for the purpose of choosin

12、g the selective courses, different students have different opinions. Some students choose more selective courses just to get more knowledge, so that they could be well-prepared for the future job hunting, and find a satisfactory job. Some students just want to extend their interests. Some students b

13、elieve that the knowledge in the text book is limited, thus they should choose more courses in order that they can enjoy四级作文四级作文现象解释型现象解释型a more colorful college life. And the others have no definite aim but to finish their studies. As far as I am concerned, I just want to learn more knowledge for m

14、y future life and job. And I dont care about the scores or the grade I would have got. I just want to be a man with sharp, vivid and imaginative mind with different knowledge which is not limited to my major. So I think more knowledge can make my future life easier and more interesting.四级作文四级作文现象解释型

15、写作模板现象解释型写作模板 Recently, . 描述现象，引起话题描述现象，引起话题 What amazes us most is 表现较为典型的一个方面表现较为典型的一个方面 It is true that . 对于现象做出的评论对于现象做出的评论There are many reasons explaining 承上启下承上启下,解释解释这一现象的原因这一现象的原因The main reason is 说明原因一说明原因一What is more, 原因二原因二四级作文四级作文现象解释型写作模板现象解释型写作模板 Thirdly, 原因三原因三As a result, . 讲述导致的结

16、果讲述导致的结果Considering all these, . 作者的态度作者的态度For one thing, . 观点一观点一11For another, . 11观点二观点二12In conclusion, . 12总结全文总结全文四级作文四级作文现象解释型现象解释型Writing Exercise:Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short passage entitled On Self-employment of College Graduates. You should write

17、at least 120 words following he outline given below:1. 政府鼓励大学毕业生自主创业，对具有创新意识的开发项政府鼓励大学毕业生自主创业，对具有创新意识的开发项目给予一定的经济支持。目给予一定的经济支持。2. 产生这一现象的原因。产生这一现象的原因。3. 我的观点。我的观点。四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型这类作文多为提纲式作文，议论文体裁。通常首先论述相反这类作文多为提纲式作文，议论文体裁。通常首先论述相反的两个观点，或分析评论某一社会现象的优缺点，然后给出的两个观点，或分析评论某一社会现象的优缺点，然后给出自己的见解和看法，是四级考试中

18、最常见的一种作文形式。自己的见解和看法，是四级考试中最常见的一种作文形式。这类作文的基本模式是：分四个自然段来论述。这类作文的基本模式是：分四个自然段来论述。第一段：概述现状，引起话题第一段：概述现状，引起话题第二段：论述一些人对某一事物或现象的看法，或某一事物第二段：论述一些人对某一事物或现象的看法，或某一事物的优点；的优点；第三段：论述另一些人对此事物或现象的看法，或某一事物第三段：论述另一些人对此事物或现象的看法，或某一事物的缺点；的缺点；第四段：表明自己的观点，结束全文。第四段：表明自己的观点，结束全文。在写这类作文时，特别要注意在对比的段落之间使用一些表在写这类作文时，特别要注意在对

19、比的段落之间使用一些表示转折关系的词汇或句子，如：示转折关系的词汇或句子，如：however，on the other hand，in contrast with/to等，使文章看起来流畅自然。等，使文章看起来流畅自然。四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型例：例：2006.12Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay entitled Spring Festival Gala on CCTV. You should write at least 120 words following

20、the outline given bellow:1. 许多人喜欢在除夕观看春节联欢晚会许多人喜欢在除夕观看春节联欢晚会2. 有些人却提出取消春节联欢晚会有些人却提出取消春节联欢晚会3. 在我看来在我看来四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型范文：范文： The Spring Festival Gala performed on CCTV on New Years Eve, as a form of celebration of Chinese lunar New Year, has been considered indispensable by all Chinese people for

21、over two decades. People are accustomed to enjoying the grand sight and sound it presents as a brilliant feast. However, there are more and more people claiming to cancel it in recent years. With the roaring development of economy, various mass media come out like the bamboo shoots after spring rain

22、. As a result, more fascinating programs are available in the daily life. Moreover, the program at Spring Festival Gala has remained nearly the same from since it was born.四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型 As far as I am concerned, I prefer the program to stay. Because it serves not only as entertainment but an oc

23、casion for the families to gather, chat and laugh. Of course it is supposed to be improved to draw attention, with more diverse forms. In a word, the Spring Festival Gala is a tradition and treasure of the Chinese people, and we still need it, maybe a better one.四级作文四级作文对比选择型作文模板对比选择型作文模板 Topic:1.Wh

24、en it comes to ,different people hold different views . 两种观点的争两种观点的争论焦点论焦点2.Some contend that . 观点一观点一3.For one thing, . 观点一的理由观点一的理由14.For another, . 观点二的理由观点二的理由25.In spite of all these claims, others maintain that 与与观点一对立的观点二观点一对立的观点二四级作文四级作文对比选择型作文模板对比选择型作文模板 6. They point out that . 观点二的理由观点二的理

25、由17.Another instance often cited is that . 观点二的理由观点二的理由28.Its no easy task to find a satisfactory answer to the issue. 小结论小结论9.As for me, theres some truth to both arguments . 引引入自己的观点入自己的观点10.Its advisable to . 个人的结论个人的结论四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型Writing Exercise: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes

26、to write a short passage entitled Recreational Activities. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1.娱乐活动多种多样娱乐活动多种多样2.娱乐活动可以使人们受益，也可能带来危害娱乐活动可以使人们受益，也可能带来危害3.作为大学生，我认为作为大学生，我认为四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型It goes without saying that there are a wide variety of recreational activi

27、ties nowadays, which may cater to the needs of different people. Those who love sports can play football, basketball or tennis as they like; meanwhile, others may find more pleasure in playing cards or mahjong.四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型While some recreational activities are beneficial, other activities can

28、do harm to people. A case in point for the former situation is sports and games. These activities can help improve peoples health and mental well-being. Whats more, they can enhance friendship among people, just as the Beijing Olympics will do. On the other hand, if people prefer bad activities, the

29、y will have to suffer. For example, many people prefer gambling, and when they lose money, some of them will commit crimes.四级作文四级作文对比选择型对比选择型As a college student, I hold to the belief that we should engage in healthy and useful recreational activities and stay away from the harmful ones. Only in thi

30、s way are we able to build a harmonious society in our country.四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型这类作文一般为提纲式作文，多为说明文。这类作文一般为提纲式作文，多为说明文。通常首先提出一个有待解决的问题，然后要求考生就该问题提通常首先提出一个有待解决的问题，然后要求考生就该问题提出解决方法、途径，有时还要求考生最后谈论适合自己的方法出解决方法、途径，有时还要求考生最后谈论适合自己的方法。这类题型的基本模式是：这类题型的基本模式是：第一段：概述现状提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性或意义；第一段：概述现状提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性

31、或意义；第二段：分析问题，提出解决问题的途径；第二段：分析问题，提出解决问题的途径；第三段：针对第二段所阐述的方法给予简要的评论，也可提出第三段：针对第二段所阐述的方法给予简要的评论，也可提出个人建议或选择，并阐述理由。个人建议或选择，并阐述理由。此题型的写作重点在此题型的写作重点在How，即解决问题的办法。，即解决问题的办法。四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型例：例：2001、1Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How to Succee

32、d in a Job Interview? You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below: 1. 面试在求职过程中的作用面试在求职过程中的作用2. 取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知取得面试成功的因素：仪表、举止谈吐、能力、专业知识、自信、实事求是识、自信、实事求是四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型范文：范文：How to Succeed in a Job Interview There has been a discuss

33、ion recently about the interview. It is true to the present situation that the interview becomes indispensable in seeking a job. For one thing, if a job seeker can make the best use of the interview and leaves a good impression on the mind of the interviewer, he may be lucky enough to get the job co

34、mpeted for by many applicants. For another, if the job hunter gives a poor performance during the interview, he is unlikely to stand a chance. As is known to all, there are many ways to make an excellent performance in an interview. First of all, the applicant ought to pay attention to his appearanc

35、e and manner of speaking. Furthermore, he is supposed to display his ability, especially 四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型his grasp of professional knowledge required by the position for which he is applying. The last but not the least, a really impressive job seeker must convey a sense of self-confidence and a pr

36、actical attitude toward the cause concerned. In brief, if the interviewee displays these characteristics and presents his most attractive qualities during the interview, the interviewer might make an on-the-spot decision to take him on. In conclusion, the job interview is indeed important. Wed bette

37、r pay attention to the skills. Accordingly, if the interviewee has made full preparations for it and given a fairly confident and honest performance, his or her success can be ensured.四级作文四级作文问题解决型作文模板问题解决型作文模板 Topic:1.With the of ， . 问题出现的背景问题出现的背景2.So it is of great importance for us to . 提出问题提出问题

38、3.On the one hand, . 问题的后果一问题的后果一4.On the other hand, . 问题的后果二问题的后果二5.However, we have figured out many ways to . 提出提出解决这一问题的方法解决这一问题的方法四级作文四级作文问题解决型作文模板问题解决型作文模板 6.Firstly, . 解决方法一解决方法一 7.So long as . 进一步说明方法一进一步说明方法一 8.Secondly, . 方法二方法二 9.Thirdly, . 方法三方法三 10.In fact, . 提出解决问题的根本途径提出解决问题的根本途径 11.

39、 That is because . 11支持句的理由支持句的理由 12. In a word, . 12总结全文总结全文四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型Writing Exercise: How Can Laid-off Workers Find New Jobs?1. 很多下岗工人很难找到新的工作。很多下岗工人很难找到新的工作。2. 如何帮助他们。如何帮助他们。四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型The market economy has brought China both benefits and headaches, one of which is the problem of

40、 finding new jobs for laid-off workers. There is no denying that serious social problems will arise unless this problem is properly solved. As a result, it is essential to explore ways to get laid-off workers back to work.四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型Serious as the problem seems, we can find some solutions to

41、it. To begin with, priority should be given to the expansion of tertiary industry (第三产业第三产业) because tertiary industry can create a great number of positions with few restrictions on age, education, skill, etc. Also, little capital is needed to set up enterprises in this field. In addition, the laid

42、-off workers have to update their skills to meet the demands of the society, just as the old saying goes, “God helps those who help themselves.” 四级作文四级作文问题解决型问题解决型Last but not least, they should stop relying on the state and throw away any worries about their “face” while doing “low” jobs such as wa

43、shing dishes at restaurants or sending newspapers to households. Once the habit of dependency is cracked, then the country can make other policy changes aimed at improving their living standards.四级作文四级作文观点论证型观点论证型这一类作文多为提纲式作文，议论文体裁，通常是围绕某一这一类作文多为提纲式作文，议论文体裁，通常是围绕某一事物或观点进行论证，有时以格言或谚语为议论对象，要求事物或观点进行论证

44、，有时以格言或谚语为议论对象，要求考生提供论据加以说明。考生提供论据加以说明。第一段：总结描述，概括当今社会存在的某种观点。第一段：总结描述，概括当今社会存在的某种观点。第二段：列出论据，说明观点成立的理由。第二段：列出论据，说明观点成立的理由。第三段：得出结论或表明个人看法或做法。第三段：得出结论或表明个人看法或做法。注意表明自己观点的时候要清楚明白，不能含含糊糊。注意表明自己观点的时候要清楚明白，不能含含糊糊。例：例：2003、1For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic

45、 It Pays to Be Honest. You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below in Chinese.1. 当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象当前社会上存在许多不诚实的现象2. 诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实诚实利人利已，做人应该诚实四级作文四级作文观点论证型观点论证型范文范文 It is well-known that nowadays dishonesty is a common phenomenon in society. For example, many people would

46、spend a lot of money on a fake diploma in order to get a good job. And poor students tend to cheat on exams. Whats more, greedy advertisers may lure customers into buying fake commodities. 四级作文四级作文观点论证型观点论证型Theres no doubt that honesty is always seen as an important part of the human character. Firs

47、t of all, if you treat others fairly, those associating with you will certainly profit from your sincerity. Meanwhile, a sense of trust builds up in their hearts, which, in turn, will earn you more true friends. And that will benefit you in the long run. Therefore, it is essential for everyone to ma

48、intain an honest attitude towards the whole society. In a word, honesty wins trust, respect and honor. It pays to be honest.四级作文四级作文观点论证型写作模板观点论证型写作模板观点论证型模板一：观点论证型模板一：It is well known that (2) The truth of it is self-evident. (3) No one can deny . (4) Therefore .(5) Many examples can be found to pr

49、ove .(6) Take as a typical example. (7) People _ . (8) Further more .(9) It goes without saying that .(10) Then .(11) There is no doubt that.(12) In conclusion .四级作文四级作文观点论证型写作模板观点论证型写作模板 观点论证型模板二：观点论证型模板二：(1) It is believed that . (2) The truth is deep and profound. (3) As we know . (4) Conse-quent

50、ly .(5) A case in point is .(6) This is close to suggest . (7) It is true that _.(8) In addition .(9) All mentioned above tells us .(10) As a matter of fact . (11) There is no denying that : (表格) (曲线) 3.Bar Graph(柱状) (饼状) 图表作文图表作文1) 1) 表格表格(table),(table),它表示多种事物的相互关系它表示多种事物的相互关系EDABCmnfgezpqxyoh2)2