2022年英语音标语音知识汇总 .pdf
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1、学习必备欢迎下载关于语音的几个概念1) 字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i, o, u, 2) 音标:词的语音形式。3) 音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48 音素。4) 音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple, student, teacher, understand 5) 元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。6) 辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28 辅音。7) 开音节: a) 辅音 +元音 +辅音 +e name bike home due; b) 辅音 +元音he, go, hi 8
2、) 闭音节: a) 辅音 +元音 +辅音bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音 +辅音 it 9) 重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。2. 元音: (20) 1)单元音( 12)(1)前元音( 4)i: sea, he, see, piece, ceiling i sit, build, miss, myth e bed, desk, head, ? bad, land, bank, stamp (2)中元音( 2)?: girl, work, serve, nurse ? ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Satu
3、rday (3)后元音( 6)a: car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt ? cup, come, blood, rough ?: door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught ? hot, want u: good, who, blue, soup, u look, put, women, could 2)双元音( 8)(1)开合元音( 5)ai bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye au house, town ei c
4、ake, they, play, eight, great, ?u phone, cold, boat, soul, grow ?i boy, oil (2)集中元音( 3)i? dear, idea, deer, here, fierce, ? pear, care, there, fair u? tour, poor,3. 容易混淆的元音精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载1) e ? bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land 2) i: ei real rail
5、; greet, great; mean, main; read raid 3) e ai bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide 4) au ?: house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause 5) au ?u found fond; gown gone; down don 4. 辅音( 28)1)清辅音( 11)p pen, t tell, k cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, f five, cough
6、, laugh s sit, miss, science, case, scarf think, ? sure, she, social, nation t? child, teach, catch tr tree ts boats h hot, who, hour 2)浊辅音( 17)bdgvze?d?drdz m n ? r l w j b bed, comb d day, played, wanted g big, go, guess, language v voice, z zoo, close, e this, bathe ? pleasure, d? joke, bridge, d
7、z goods dr dream m man n nine, knife, autumn ?pink, young r read, write, l land, world w wall, what, answer j yes 5. 容易混淆的辅音1) v w vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well 2) s sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math 3) z e closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes 4) n ? thin thing; sin
8、sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 7 页学习必备欢迎下载6. 读音规则1) 重读音节 (见元音和辅音的例句) 2) 非重读音节? banana, student, today, after, i orange, secret, evening, very, Monday 7. 特殊读音1)音的连读:前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如:not at all, half an hour, I love you a
9、nd all. after all 2)失去爆破:辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破。例如:good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme 3)音的同化: 两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音。例如: Would you do it? I am glad to meet you. Cant you see it? last year, this year, 8. 重音1)单词重音A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorry b)有 a-, be-, de
10、-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。about, believe, address, decide, report, condemn, respect, compare, inform, discuss, impress, mistake, enforce, prepare, employ, permit, escape, produce, exclaim,translate c)有 de-, in-, re-, c
11、on-, pre- 等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关, 一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。record, record; insult, insult; conduct, conduct; present present; content, content d)有些复合词和带有前缀re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的词,有两个重音。outside, retell, well-known, unreal, fifteen, Chinese, pre-war, post-war B)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult, communi
12、st, family, economy, opportunity,democracy. b)有一些双音节词, 加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。carefully, indefinite, comfortable, conductor, according, disturbance, complicated,establishment, c)词尾有 -eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。courteous,
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