2022年初中英语常考词汇 .pdf

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1、1 初中英语常考词汇及其词形变化一、基数词与序数词。1. one-first once 2. two-second twice 3. three-third 4. five-fifth 5. eight-eighth 6. nine-ninth 7. ten-tenth 8. twelve-twelfth 9. twenty-twentieth 10.twenty-onetwenty-first 11.thirty-twothirty-second 12.forty-five forty-fifth Tip: 另外，请同学们重视所有基数词与序数词的拼写。二、常考的名词单复数。man-men w

2、oman-women child-children mouse-mice tooth-teeth foot-feet mouse-mice hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes potato-potatoes fish-fish deer-deer sheep-sheep leaf-leaves life-lives knife-knives thief-thieves wolf-wolves wife-wives myself-ourselves yourself-yourselves herself-themselves himself- themselves itsel

3、f-themselves scarf-scarves/scarfs giraffe-giraffes kangaroo-kangaroos Englishman-Englishmen German-Germans American-Americans Frenchman-Frenchmen Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Vietnamese-Vietnamese 三、常考的国家名与某国人（的）/某国的 /某国语（的）。America-American Canada-Canadian India-Indian Italy-Italian Japan-Japa

4、nese Vietnam-Vietnamese China-Chinese Korea-Korean Brazil-Brazilian Germany-German Switzerland-Swiss Britain-British Scotland-Scottish Ireland-Irish Spain-Spanish England-English-Englishman France-French-Frenchman Australia-Australian Russia-Russian Mexico-Mexican Egypt-Egyptian Asia-Asian Africa-Af

5、rican Europe-European 四、常考的兼类词或多义词。1. hard adj. 困难的 ;艰苦的live a hard life It s hard work adv. 困难地 ;艰苦地 ;重地It s raining hard He s working hard hardly adv. 几乎不I could hardly catch any word he said. I have hardly any time to do that. 2. watch n. 手表What s the time by your watch? v. 观看watch a movie 3. sou

6、nd n.声音Can you hear the sound of the wind outside? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 16 页2 link-V.听起来Sounds interesting! 4. smell vt. 闻;嗅Smell it carefully, it seems to be bad. link-V.闻起来It smells nice. n.气味;味道It gave out a terrible smell. 5. taste vt. 尝 品尝Can I taste it? link-V.尝

7、起来It tastes good. cn. 味道It has a nice taste. un. 品位;鉴赏Different people have different taste about clothes. 6. look vi. 看Look, here comes the bus. Look at the blackboard carefully. link-v. 看起来She looks younger than she is. n. 看;看一看Have a look at this new type of cars. 7. get vi. 到达How can I get there

8、? vt. 得到I got an opportunity of studying abroad. link-v. 变得It s getting late. 8. turn vi. 转;翻; 转身turn left/right vt. 拧;扭;旋转turn it on turn it off link-v. 变得Her face turned white at the news. n. 轮次;秩序take turns to sth. do sth. in turn 9. go vi.1) 走;去go to the cinema 2) 消失Everything has gone. link-v.

9、变得;成为The meat in the fridge has gone bad. n. 约定It s a go. 一言为定。10. chicken cn. 小鸡There are many chickens on the farm. uc. 鸡肉He usually has chicken and rice for supper. 11. fish cn. 鱼;鱼类I keep 5 fish as pets. All kinds of fishes could be seen in the river in the past. uc. 鱼肉My favorite food is fish.

10、12. plant cn. 植物Plants are really important for our lives. vt. 种植;栽种Many more trees have been planted on the hill. 13. plan vi. 计划;打算I am planning to take a trip to our capital city Beijing. She is planning on going to America for further study. vt. 计划;打算 You should plan your time well. n. 计划;打算Good

11、 plan! 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 16 页3 14. answer vi. 回答He didn t answer. vt. 回答Who can answer this question? n. 回答the answer to the question 15. reply vi. 回复;答复;回应He didn t replay to my letter. n. 回复;答复;回应I knocked at the door, but there s no reply. 16. address n. 1)地址Do

12、you have a email address? 2)演讲;演说He made an address which moved lots of people at the get-together. vt. 写/编地址 ;发表演讲 ;发表演说address a speech. 17. travel vi. 旅行Why not consider tavel(l)ing to Paris for your next vacation? n. 旅行He is on a travel to Shanghai. 18. trip vi. 旅行I don t like to trip far. n. 旅行

13、go on a school trip 19. wish vt. 希望;祝愿Wish you happy! Wish you a nice vacation! Wish you success! vi. 希望I wish to meet her again. n. 希望;祝愿Best wishes to you! With best wishes! 20. hope vt. 希望I hope (that) you can help me with my English. vi. 希望He hopes to be a successful doctor. n. 希望There is still

14、hope to save his eyes. 21. sleep vi. 睡觉Did you sleep well last night? n. 睡觉Have a good sleep! Tip: 学会使用 asleep & sleepy 22. walk vi. 步行 I like walking to school better than riding a bike. n. 步行have a walk 23. drive vi. 驾驶;开车Who can drive? vt. 1)驾驶;开车;开车送 (人) Can you drive a car? She drove me to work

15、 today. 2)驱使;迫使; That drove her mad. n. 驾车旅行 ;开车行程two hours drive 24. ride vt. 搭乘;乘坐;骑ride a bicycle/horse n. 搭乘;乘坐;骑get/offer/give sb. a ride go for a ride five hours car ride The bike ride takes about 20 minutes. 25. kind n. 种类all kinds of a new kind of adj. 善良的 a kind teacher 精选学习资料 - - - - - - -

16、 - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 16 页4 Tip: kind of 有点儿26. right n. 1)右边turn right on the right take a right 2)权力We should hold on to the right of dreaming. adj. 1)右边的your right hand 2)正确的Is the answer right? 3)恰当的behave in the right way He is the right man for this job. adv. 1)直;径直;完全;立即go right ho

17、me take you right there 2)正确地Do it right next time. 27. left. adj.1)左边的on the left side of the street 2)剩余的There s only 3 minutes left. n.左边on the left turn left take a left v. (vi./vt. leave 的过去式 ) They left for Guangzhou two hours ago. 28. work n. 工作What hard work it is? vi. 工作；起作用Does the medicin

18、e work? 29. straight adj.直的；笔直的straight hair a straight street adv. 1 ）直直地；笔直地walk straight along this road 2）直接；径直；立即I usually go straight home after work. 30. long adj.长的；长时间的a long way a long time ago adv.长期地；长久地I ve waited for you for long. 31. high adj. 高的Mother is afraid of high places. adv. 高

19、He jumps the highest in the class. highly adv.高度地We all speak/think highly of the brave boy. 32. clean adj.干净的a clean classroom vt. 打扫clean the class room 33. empty adj.空的an empty bottle vt.清空；腾空；倒空empty your disk empty the fridge before going out 34. far adj. 远的a far place adv. 远；远远地He lives far fr

20、om his company 35. report vt. 报告It s reported that twenty more workers were saved. n. 报告make a report 36. outside adv. 在外边They usually eat outside in the day. prep. 在的外边outside the school gate adj. 外边的the outside world 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 16 页5 37. inside adv.在里边It i

21、s a game that can be played inside. prep. 在里边inside the house adj. 里边的inside floor 38. face n. 脸；面子；表情lose face make faces vt. 面对；面临face the challenge bravely face lots of problems face the sea/lake 39. change n. 变化；改变There have been great changes in that place since the earthquake. vi. 变化；改变People

22、sure change. vt. 变化；改变change it into a bird 40. challenge n. 挑战Just regard your problems as challenges! vt. 挑战She challenged me to play chess with her. 41. color n. 颜色clothes in all colors vt. 染色；给 上色color it brown 42. study n. 1）学业；学习pay more attention to your study 2）研究scientific studies vt. 学习；研究

23、study it carefully 43. shop n. 商店a clothes shop vi.购物；买东西Did you shop yesterday? Go shopping vt. 购物；买东西He shop some food for himself 44. experiment n. 实验；试验do an experiment vi. 实验；试验You should experiment with your new idea. 45. experience un. 经验lots of experience of teaching English cn. 经历Can you te

24、ll me about your experiences in the last vacation? vt. 经验；经历；体会You can experience peaceful country life here. 46. try n. 尝试have a try vi. 尝试Who would like to try? Try to do it! vt. 尝试;试着做She is trying babysitting. 48. attempt n. 尝试；企图make an attempt to do sth. vt./vi. 尝试；企图Don t attempt everything o

25、ne time. attempt to do sth. attempt doing 49. mind n.脑子；想法make up one s mind to do sth. vi. 在乎；介意I don t mind. vt. 在乎；介意Would you mind not smoking here? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 16 页6 50. early adj. 早的Early birds catch the worms. adv. 早；早早地go to bed early 51. late adj. 晚的

26、She is late for school again adv. 晚；晚地He got up late this morning. stay up late watching TV lately adv.近来；最近What did you do lately? 52. interest cn. 兴趣；爱好I have two interests collecting ancient coins and painting. uc. 兴趣I have no interest in what you said. places of interest vt. 使感兴趣It interested me

27、 a lot. 53. worry vt. 使担忧；使担心You know what worries me. It worries me a lot. vi. 担心；担忧Don t worry. n. 担心；忧虑No worry. I have too many worries. 54. influence n. 影响have a good influence on sb. vt. 影响My father influences me a lot. 55. smile n. 微笑with a smile on one s face vi. 微笑He smiled but didn t say a

28、nything. 56. show n. 表演；上映；展览A new movie is on show. The flowers are just for show. vt. 把出示给某人看show me your ticket, please. 57. boat n. 船in a boat vi. 划船Let s go boating. 58. care n. 关心；爱护take good care of sb. vi. 1）关心；爱护care for care about vi./vt.在乎；介意I don t care! They don t care who they are goin

29、g to work with. 59. free adj.自由的 免费的a free day free concerts vt.使自由；释放I freed the birds. 60. love n. 爱；喜欢show your love to others put your love to good use vt. 爱；喜欢She loves pop music. 61. dress n.1） （尤指妇女儿童的）衣服；服装；2）女式长裙She is wearing a dress. vt. 给穿衣dress myself get dressed be well dressed vi. 穿衣d

30、ress casually My parents dress casually on weekends. 62. seat n. 座位4000 seats 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 16 页7 vt. 让坐下；给 安排坐位They seated us in Row 2. All visitors are seated. 63. crowd n. （一）群；（一）团 /簇 ；人群a crowd of people crowds of sheep/clouds vi. 拥挤；挤满Don t crowd around m

31、e! vt. 塞满；挤满They crowded the car with six people, including two kids. 64. burn n. 烧伤Running cold water is helpful to treat a small burn. vi. 烧伤；烤焦；燃烧The house is burning. vt. 烧；烤；烧伤；烤焦The sun burned my skin. 65. cut n.切口I can see a deep cut in his head. vt.砍；割；切Cut up the fruit. 66. help n. 帮助Thanks

32、 for your help. vi. 帮助Does it help (with your problem)? Can I do anything to help? vt. 帮助Can I help you? 67. guide n. 向导；指南；手册buy a tour guide I want to be a tour guide when I am older. vt.向导；指引；带领guide us out of the forest. 68. lead n. 处于领先地位的人或事I believe I can keep the lead. vt. 引导；领导（反义：词mislead误

33、导）It s Mr. Wang who leads us to work hard on this work. adj. 处于领先地位的；领先的a lead singer 69. hit n. 成功而轰动一时的事物This song used to be a hit. a hit CD vt. 撞击；打击The car nearly hit the boy. 70. mark n. 标志；印记；分数get high marks in the test. You are supposed to make marks while walking alone in the forest so tha

34、t you won t get lost. vt. 做标记；批阅The teacher is marking our papers. 71. correct adj. 正确的；恰当的a correct answer vt. 纠正；改正；订正correct our mistakes 72. test n. 考试；测试；测验have/take a test a lab test vt. 考试；测试；测验to test a machine 73. exam n. 考试；测试；测验have/take an exam vt. 考试；测试；测验exam your English 74. email n.

35、电子邮件send/get an email 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 16 页8 vi. 发电子邮件Can you email on a mobile phone? vt. 电子邮件给 email your friends 75. order n. 1）秩序putin order 2）命令follow/obey one s order break one s order 3）点菜May I have your order? Here s your order. vt. 1）命令order sb. (not) to

36、do sth. vi./vt. 点菜 Can you order now? What did you order? Just eat what you have ordered. 76. wonder n. 奇迹；奇观The Great Wall is one of the seven wonders in the world. vt. 奇怪；怀疑；想知道I wonder what I can do to help her. 77. water n.水polluted water pure water running water fresh water(淡水) vt.浇水；灌溉water th

37、e plants water the fields 78. milk n.牛奶Most babies live on milk. vt.挤奶Have you ever milked a cow on the farm? 79. need n. 需要It just meet your need. vi./vt. 需要You don t need to come today. We need three more workers. 80. lift n.电梯； 提升We go up and down the building in a lift. vt.提起；举起Who can lift the

38、basket of apples onto the truck? 81. hand n. 手on your left hand n. 帮助Can you lend me a hand? vi./vt. 交；递；给Please hand in your papers now. hand it to me 82. cross n. 叉；叉形物；十字架She wears a beautiful cross round her neck. vt. 横穿Be careful when you cross the street. Tip: across prep. trek across the dese

39、rt run across China( 横贯中国 ) 83. rain n.雨What heavy rain it is! There will be rain tomorrow? vi.下雨It is raining hard/heavily outside now. 84. snow n.雪Many children like snow. vi 下雪It hardly ever snows in Chengdu in winter. 85.sweet adj.甜的；糖的The soup tastes kind of sweet. n. 糖果I like sweets a lot 86.s

40、upport n.支持Thank you for your support. I need your support. vt. 支持I will always support you. 87. aid 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 16 页9 n.帮助offer sb. aid get aid from first-aid v. 帮助He even aided his classmates. 五、常考的近义词。一）名词noise/sound/voice family/home/house/room informatio

41、n/message end/ending advice/suggestion work/job 二）形容词，副词，连词，介词等quick/quickly/fast/soon when/while round/around middle/medium loud/loudly/aloud near/nearby/nearly across/through/past 三）动词say / speak / tell / talk; look (at) / see / watch / notice hope/wish listen (to) / hear /hear of / hear about / h

42、ear from help/aid hit/beat/hurt/knock beat/win look for/ find / find out / discover discover/invent/create 六、常考的形近词 。except / expect expression / impression / pressure / permission fall-fell-fallen fill-filled-filled feel-felt-felt alone/lonely past/pass lie-lay-lain lay-lain-lain fun/funny change/e

43、xchange/challenge 七、最常考的不规则动词。be leave bear lend beat let become lie begin light blow lose break make bring mean build meet burn pay buy put catch read choose rend come ride cut ring do rise draw run drink say drive see eat sell fall send feed set 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共

44、 16 页10 feel shake fight shoot find show flee shut fly sing forbid sink forget sit freeze sleep get speak give spell go spend grow stand hang steal have sweep hear swim hide take hold teach hurt tell keep think know throw lay wake lead wear learn win cost write prefer stick mislead oversleep 八、常考词形转

45、换的词。1. luck-lucky-luckily-unlucky-unluckily Good luck! a lucky day/girl an unlucky experience 2. noise-noisy-noisily make noise(s) a noisy boy do sth. noisily 3. heavy-heavily What heavy rain it is! It s raining heavily 4. strong-strongly I strongly believe in that he is strong enough to get over it

46、. 5. develop-developing-developed-development a developing/developed country 6. confuse-confused-confusing I am confused by his confusing questions. 7. lead-mislead-misleading a misleading advertisement 8. choose-choice I can t decide which one to choose. You have to make a choice. 9. decide-decisio

47、n decide to do sth. We should learn to make decisions for ourselves 10. difficult-difficulty It s difficult for sb. to do sth. He worked out this math problem without any difficulty 11. confident-confidence Confident people always have confidence in themselves. 12. different-difference-differently b

48、e different formCan you tell the differences between these two cars? Tom thinks/feels differently. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 16 页11 13. important-importance be important to the importance of 14. mean-meaning-means What do you mean? transportation means ( 交通方式 ) I understa

49、nd the meaning of the sentence. 15. salt-salty The salt is not salty enough. 16. scared-scary The little boy is scared by the scrary story. 17. thrill-thrilled-thrilling a thrilling trip feel thrilled 18. peace-peaceful-peacefully Now they are living peacefully in the peaceful countryside. We hope p

50、eople in the world can live together in peace. 19. use-useful-useless I don t know if it s a useful book or a useless one. 20. care-careful-carefully-careless-carelessly 21. succeed-success-successful-successfully 22. die-dying-dead-death a dying cat a dead cat His death makes everybody sad. 23. hea