2022年综合学术英语教程2答案 .pdf

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1、综合学术英语教程2 答案Unit 1 Multidisciplinary Education Keys to the Exercises Approaching the Topic 1. 1) The aim of college education is to produce individuals who are well on their way to become experts in their field of interest. 2) The growing importance of producing professionals who have the skills to

2、work with people from a diverse set of disciplines. 3) First, through an interdisciplinary approach; Second, through a multidisciplinary approach. 4) College education should produce individuals who may later become expert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers. 2. 1) f2) d3) a4) e5) g6) m7) j8)

3、k9) l10) i11) b12) h13) c 4. (1) offered (2) stresses (3) ability (4) different (5) approach (6) increasingly (7) graduates (8) enter (9) positions (10) Employment 6. 1) Multidisciplinary studies. 2) They both believe that current college education should lay emphasis on multidisciplinary studies, w

4、hich is a prerequisite to producing future expert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers. 3) Open. 4) Open. 5) Open. Reading about the Topic 3. 1) The students have brought to MIT their individual gifts, such as their own intellect, energy, ideas, aspirations, distinctive life experience and poin

5、t of view, etc. 2) They represent the geographic and symbolic center of MIT. 3) Names of intellectual giants. 4) Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, scientist, engineer, sculptor, inventor, city planner and architect. 4. Set 1: 1) c2) e3) d4) h5) a6) g7) f8) b Set 2: 1) e2) a3) h4) b5) c6) f7) d8) g 5.

6、 (b) Para. A (b) Para. B (a) Para. C (c) Para. D (f) Para. E (e) Para. F (d) Para. G (g) Para. A 6. 1) Because for him, the simplicity he appreciated in nature became his ultimate standard in design. 2) First was da Vinci s complete disregard for the accepted boundaries between different f ields of

7、knowledge. The second facet of da Vinci s character was his respect for and fascination with nature. The third quality of da Vincis character was an enthusiastic demand for hands-on making, designing, practicing and testing, and for solving problems in the real 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - -

8、- - - -第 1 页，共 25 页world. 3)“There is a good chance that you will never again live and work in a community with as many different cultures and backgrounds as MIT. ”(Para. F) 4) Because by doing so, the students can engage themselves in new intellectual adventures so as to use their time at MIT to it

9、s fullest potential. 5) It means that “They took the initiative to search for the deepest answers, instead of sitting back and letting things happen to them. ”7. Set 1: 1) h2) d3) a4) g5) f6) e7) b8) c Set 2: 1) c2) g3) d4) a5) h6) f7) e8) b 8. 1) She wanted to describe for the new students three of

10、 his characteristics that particularly f it with the value of MIT. 2) Because by doing so, the students can encounter the most stimulating minds and inspiring role models, experience a life in a community with diversif ied cultures and backgrounds and participate in various new intellectual adventur

11、es, so that they can get the most out of their MIT education. 3) The three of Da Vinci s characteristics will be the heritage of MIT to be inherited by the students. She hoped that the new students would follow Da Vinci as well as a great many extraordinary MIT teachers as their role models to use t

12、heir time to its fullest potential. 4) Multidisciplinary thinking is a mode of thinking that goes beyond disciplinary boundaries in order to gain new ideas and fresh perspectives. 9. 1) Human ingenuity will never devise any inventions more beautiful, nor more simple, nor more to the purpose than Nat

13、ure does. (Para. A) 2) For Da Vinci, the simplicity he appreciated in Nature became his ultimate standard in design. (Para. B) 3) Be as determined in your curiosity as Leonardo da Vinci and you will use your time at MIT to its fullest potential. (Para. F) 4) MIT is a place of practical optimism and

14、of passionate engagement with the most important problems of the world. (Para. G) 5) I had long since observed that people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let things happen to them. (Para. H) 10. Many scientists and engineers at MIT pursue simplicity in their design and development of technolo

15、gies. Exploring the Topic 4. 1) It is believed that a multidisciplinary approach to scientific education is of vital importance. 2) Second, a multidisciplinary emphasis is believed to be a prerequisite to training individuals. 3) It cannot be denied that these f irms are participating in turning out

16、 the future thinkers. 4) How about examining our problems about science and technology from a liberal arts perspective. 5) Surprisingly, however, our universities and colleges fail to switch from the conventional divisions and departmental sections to daily extracurricular multidisciplinary work. 5.

17、 Reading 1 begins with a contrast “ College education has always had the responsibility to . However, . we also see the growing importance of producing . ”. The introduction of Reading 2 is informative as well as interesting, which arouses the readers interest to go on reading. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - -

18、- - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 25 页Integrated Exercises 2. (1) ultimate (2) spirit (3) feed (4) approach (5) property (6) represent (7) discipline (8) aspiration (9) inspire (10) perspective (11) inherit (12) generate 3. The members of a word family Chinese equivalent inspire inspiration inspired i

19、nspiring v.激励n.灵感adj.有灵感的generate generation generative generator adj.鼓舞人心的v.产生n.一代adj.有生产力的 n.发电机aspiration aspire aspiring n.渴望v.渴望adj.有抱负的inherit inheritance inheritor inherited v.继承n.继承物n.继承人adj.遗传的discipline disciplined disciplinary n.纪律adj.纪律严明的adj.有关纪律的represent representation representative

20、v.代表n.表现n.代表者anatomist anatomy anatomical n.解剖学家n.解剖学adj.解剖的speculate speculation speculative speculator v.推测n.推测adj.推测的n.思索者celebrate celebration celebrated celebrity v.庆祝n.庆祝活动adj.著名的n.名人intellect intellectual intelligence intelligent n.智力adj.智力的n.智慧adj.有才智的collaborate collaboration collaborative

21、collabotator v.合作n.合作adj.合作的n.合作者Integrate integrated integration v.合并adj.完整统一的n.整合(1) inspiring (2) generation (3) collaborative (4) aspiring (5) Intelligent (6) inherit (7) celebrity (8) speculated (9) representative (10) anatomical 4. (1) D(2) A(3) C(4) B(5) D(6) A(7) B(8) C(9) A(10) C 5. (1) Man

22、y celebrated researchers around the world are collaborating to develop a new vaccine. (2) The scientists experiment generated an unexpected outcome. (3) If the systems are restructured, their effectiveness will be ultimately integrated into the global economy. (4) The doctors speculate that he died

23、of a stroke caused by a blow on the head. (5) The murder trial attracted considerable public attention. (6) The aspiration for college education inspires people in remote areas to work hard. (7) He inherited his parents fortune after their death. (8) He disregarded his father s advice and left colle

24、ge. (9) In this address, he asked the youngsters, who embody the spirits of the nation, to join the campaign. (10) The special diet incorporates many different fruits and vegetables. 7. (1) Whoever run the red light shows a complete disregard for public safety. (2) Success, as he explained, was noth

25、ing more than a consistent pursuit of art and good luck. (3) The new product has benef ited from research work at the crossroads between biological and medical studies. (4) It was amazing that his idea echoed well the great philosopher s belief, which he claimed not to have heard about before. (5) T

26、he one-month intense training program prepared the team members well for possible emergencies. (6) The audience was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of the speech delivered by the 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 25 页environmentalist. (7) This traveling experience will p

27、rovide you with a rare opportunity to sample a different way of life. (8) Using the limited time to its fullest potential is one of the must-have/required skills in adapting to the fast-paced modern life. (9) More and more countries are bringing robots to bear on their various problems. (10) These s

28、tudents are encouraged from a very early age to follow their own boundless interests well beyond the boundaries of conventional belief in obedient learning. 8. A. (1) B(2) C(3) B(4) B(5) D B. As multidisciplinary design has become a trend in the industry, there is a need for more emphasis on multidi

29、sciplinary perspectives. Educational institutions should take their role in training individuals who can function in a collaborative environment and be prepared to face multifaceted projects that they may not have been exposed to. However, our universities and colleges fail to shift from traditional

30、 divisions and departmental sections to multidisciplinary work being practiced on a daily basis outside the classroom. C. 1) F2) T3) F4) T5) T D. (1) what learning is about (2) be inquisitive (3) learn a new subject (4) analyze a new problem (5) teacher-taught (6) master-inspired (7) self-learner (8

31、) the trap of dogma (9) no single simple answer (10) black and white (11) critical thinking (12) tolerant and supportive (13) a new thesis topic (14) flexibility (15) style of leadership Unit 2 The Scientific Method Keys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic 1. 1) The Scientific Method is a body of

32、techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring knowledge, as well as correcting/integrating previous knowledge. It involves gathering observable, empirical and measurable evidence, the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses. 2)

33、 Scientists put forward hypotheses to explain what is observed. They then conduct experiments to test these hypotheses. The steps taken in the experiment must be capable of replication and the results emerge as the same. What is discovered may lead to a new hypothesis. 3) Scientists are human and ca

34、n be unintentionally biased; total objectivity is impossible. 4) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased. Science uses our senses and our senses can be mistaken. We can never understand something as it really is because our very presence affects what is being studied. 5) Science is bo

35、th a body of knowledge and a process. Science is exciting. Science is useful. Science is ongoing. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 25 页 Science is reliable. Science is a community endeavor. 2. 1) c2) g3) e4) f5) a6) d7) h8) k9) b10) i11) j 4. (1) aspects (2) process (3) satisfy (

36、4) technologies (5) puzzle (6) collection (7) evidence (8) ensure (9) diversity (10) professional 6. 1) Science. 2) It brings to mind many different pictures: white lab coats and microscopes, a scientist peering through a telescope, the launch of the space shuttle, and so on. 3) Science can discover

37、 the laws to understand the order of nature. 4) Because it relies on a systems of checks and balances, which helps ensure that science moves towards greater accuracy and understanding, and this system is facilitated by diversity within the scientific community, which offers a range of perspectives o

38、n scientific ideas. 5) Open. Reading about the Topic 3. 1) The modern scientific method is characterized by confirmations and observations which “ verified ”the theories in question, but some genuinely testable theories, when found to be false, are still upheld by their admirers, which rescues the t

39、heory from refutation only at the price of destroying, or at least lowering, its scientific status. 2) A theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific. 3) Their theories were constantly verified by their clinical observations. They always fitted and were always confirmed.

40、4) Light must be attracted by heavy bodies (such as the sun). 5) There is the risk involved in a prediction: the theory is incompatible with certain possible results of observation in fact with results which everybody before Einstein would have expected. 4. Set 1: 1) c2) a3) d4) b5) f6) e7) h8) g Se

41、t 2: 1) b2) e3) a4) f5) d6) c7) h8) g 5. Para. A (b) Para. B (c) Para. C (e) Para. D (e) Para. E (a) Para. F (d) 6. 1) Observations, hypotheses, and deductions, then conclusions. 2) You will need to research everything that you can f ind about the problem. 3) You shouldn t change the hypothesis. Ins

42、tead, try to explain what might have been wrong with your original hypothesis. 4) An important thing to remember during this stage of the scientific method is that once you develop a hypothesis and a prediction, you shouldn t change it, even if the results of your experiment show that you were wrong

43、. 5) Because there is a chance that you made a miscue somewhere along the way. 7. Set 1: 1) c2) a3) d4) b5) f6) e7) h8) g Set 2: 1) e2) g3) a4) f5) c6) b7) d8) h 8. 1) Observation, as the f irst stage of the scientific method, is a way of collecting information from any possible sources, which can s

44、erve as a foundation in verifying a theory. In this process, one should expect an event which could refute the theory. Only through being refuted by new observations which are incompatible with the theory could it be falsified, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 25 页which ref lects

45、 its true scientific virtue. 2) A hypothesis is a possible solution to a problem, based on knowledge and research, while a theory is a hypothesis confirmed by the research findings. Every theory cannot be applied to every situation; otherwise, it is not a good theory. 3) It is always possible to ver

46、ify nearly every theory, but that would rescue the theory from refutation at the price of destroying, or at least lowering its scientific status. 4) To falsify a theory is more valuable, because a theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific. 9. 1) Because of this persona

47、l experience and an interest in the problem, you decide to learn more about what makes plants grow. (Para. B) 2) The experiment that you will design is done to test the hypothesis. (Para. D) 3) Through informal, exploratory observations of plants in a garden, those with more sunlight appear to grow

48、bigger. (Para. H) 4) The judges at your science fair will not take points off simply because your results don t match up with your hypothesis. (Para. K) 5) You cannot prove the hypothesis with a single experiment, because there is a chance that you made a miscue somewhere along the way. (Para. Q) 10

49、. Observation, the initial stage of the research, requires a thorough understanding of a research project you have chosen by collecting adequate information from various sources, and is followed by the next stage known as hypothesis, an uncomplicated statement that defines what you think the outcome

50、 of your experiment will be. Exploring the Topic 4. 1) Science does not include explanations based on no empirical evidence. 2) The human nature of science, however, renders it unlikely to be free of personal prejudices, misapprehensions, and bias. 3) The scope of science encompasses the whole unive