2022年英语高考试题答案及解析北京 .pdf

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1、- 1 - / 13 2018 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（北京卷 ）本试卷共16 页，共150 分，考试时长120 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：听力理解（共三节，30 分）第一节（共5 小题；每小题1.5 分，共 7.5 分）听下面5 段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话或独白后，你将有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话或独白你将听一遍。例：What is the man going to read? A. A newspape

2、r B. A magazine C. A book 答案是 A。1. Who answered the phone？A. Mike B. Henry C. Tom 2. Whats the woman s favourite food?A. Italian. B.Chinese. C.Indian 3. When does the first flight arrive in Detroit? A. 5:18am. B.6:10am C.8:50am 4. What is the woman looking for? A. Zoo B.Telephone C.Tennis court 5. W

3、hat will the weather be like at the weekend? A. Cloudy. B.Snowy. C.Sunny 第二节（共10 小题，每小题1.5 分，共 15 分）听下面4 段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5 秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5 秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。听第 6 段材料，回答第6 至 7 题。6. Where are the two speakers? A. In the hotel B In a shop C. In a rest

4、aurant 7. How much did the man pay in the end? A. $115. B. $130 C. $140 听第 7 段材料，回答第8 至 9 题。8. What did the man do last weekend? A. Watched TV. B.Stayed at home. C.Visited a friend 9. What will the woman probably do this weekend? A. Play tennis. B. Do some shopping C. Go to a dance 精选学习资料 - - - - -

5、- - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页- 2 - / 13 听第 8 段材料，回答第10 至 12 题。10. Where are the new houses? A. On the main road. B. Close to a bus station. C.Near the sports center. 11. What does the woman like most about the new houses? A. The garden. B. The space. C. The quietness 12. How does the man

6、feel about the womans suggestion?A. Delighted. B. Disappointed. C. Uninterested. 听第 9 段材料，回答第13 至 15 题。13. What can t the students do without a teacher?A. Hold parties. B. Complete the Safety Sheet. C. Use any emergency equipment. 14. Why are the students asked to tie back their loose hour in the la

7、b? A. It may catch fire B. It may cover their eyes. C. It may pass chemicals to their faces. 15. What is the speech mainly about? A. Laboratory regulations. B. Safety instructions. C. After-class activities. 第三节（共5 小题：每小题1.5 分，共 7.5 分）听下面的一段对话，完成第16 至 20 五道小题，每小题近填写一个词，听对话前，你将有 20 秒钟的时间阅读试卷，听完后你将有60

8、 秒钟的作答时间，这段对话你将听两遍。Telephone Cancellation Request Form Account Name Edward 16 Telephone No. 17 Home Phone Plan Nonrefundable(不退款 ) 18 pre-paid plan Reason for Cancellation 19 house Cancellation Date Required 20 9, by 5:00 pm 第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节单项填空（共15 小题：每小题1 分，共 15 分）从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空

9、白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例： It s so nice to hear from her again _, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. Whats moreB.That s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是 D。21. Look at those clouds! Don t worry. _ it rains, well still have a great time.A. Even if B.As though C.In case D.If only 精

10、选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页- 3 - / 13 22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold. A.gets B.has got C.will get D.is getting 23. One learns a language by making mistakes and _ them. A.corrects B.correct C.to correct D.correcting 24. Jerry did not regret

11、giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. A. why B. how C. that D. whether 25. George said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he _. A. wouldn t B. didnt C. hasnt D. hadnt 26. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was，he would forget all about eati

12、ng or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 27. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use 28. Many people have donated that type of blood。 however, the blood bank needs _. A. some B. less C. much D. more 29. Have you heard about that fire in the market? Ye

13、s, fortunately no one _. A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt 30. Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed. A. had developed B. was developing C. would develop D. developed 31. _ at the door before you enter my room, please. A. Knock B. Knocking C. Knocked D. To knock 33. We

14、 _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me?A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced 34. Do you think this shirt is too tight _ the shoulders? A. at B. on C. to D.across 35. Don t handle the vase as if it _ _ made of steel. A. is B.were C.has been D.had been 第二节

15、完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Inspiration “Mama, when I grow up, I m going to be one of those! ” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my _36_ took on a vivid form and acted as som

16、ething important to start my training. As I grew older and was _37_ to more, my interests in the world of dance _38_ varied but that little girls dream of someday becoming a _39_ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a _40_

17、 。 I became a member of the company _41_ back to 1925. As I look back on that day now, it surely _42_ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页- 4 - / 13 in a state of pleasant disbelief _43_ I was halfway through rehearsals (排练 ) on my first

18、day. I never actually _44_to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely _45_. I remember shaking with excitement. Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of _46_. Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I f

19、ound it vital to _47_ up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme _48_ to detail ( 细节 ) and stress on practice that set us _49_. To then follow those high-energy rehearsals _50_ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new _51 _ of the w

20、ords “hard work. ” What I thought were my physical _52_ were pushed much further than I thought _53_. I learned to make each performance better than the last. Today, when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great _54_ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I

21、 see a _55_ that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams. 36. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D.word 37.A connected B. expanded C. exposed D. extended 38. A. rarelyB. certainly C. proba

22、bly D. consistently 39.A. director B. trainer C. leader D. dancer 40. A. symbol B. memory C. truth D. reality 41. A. bouncing B. dating C. turning D. tracking 42. A. lacksB.addsC.makesD.brings 43. A. while B. since C. until D. when 44. A. Cared B. Expected C. Asked D. Decided 45. A. motivated B. rel

23、axed C.convinced D.astonished 46. A. challenges B.profits C.advantages D.adventures 47. A. put B.mix C.build D.pick 48. A. Attention B.association C.attraction D.adaptation 49. A. apart B.aside C.off D.back 50. A. over B.by C.with D.beyond 51. A. function B.meaning C.expression D.usage 52. A. bounda

24、ries B.problems C.barriers D.efforts 53. A. necessary B. perfect C. properD.possible 54. A. talent B.honor C.potential D.responsibility 55. A. victory B.trend C. tradition D. desire 第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）第一节（共15 小题；每小题2 分，共 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A The Basics of MathMade Cle

25、ar Basic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页- 5 - / 13 fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepar

26、e them for Algebra( 代数 ) and beyond. The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents( 指数 ), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations work,

27、how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically. Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the material

28、by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazing and completely understandablefield of study. By the conclusion of t

29、he course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性 ) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical chal

30、lenges. Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America, ” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is m

31、aster in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary. With a PhD in Mathematics Education from GeorgiaStateUniversity, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at CentralArizonaCollege. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers. If the c

32、ourse fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back. 56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? A. Algebra. B. College Mathematics. C. Arithmetic. D. Mathematics Education. 57. What benefits can stu

33、dents expect from Basic Math? A. Stronger imaginative ability. B. Additional presentation skills. C. More mathematical confidence. D. Greater chances of becoming teachers. 58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel? A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television. B. He is to deliv

34、er 30 lectures in Basic Math. C. He works in GeorgiaStateUniversity. D. He specializes in training teachers. 59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A. A news report. B. A book review 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页- 6 - / 13 C. A lesson plan. D. An ad

35、vertisement B Peanuts to This Proudly reading my words, I glanced around the room, only to find my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes. Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher. Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over, hoping to hide m

36、yself. “What could be causing everyone to act this way?”Quickly, I flashed back to the day Miss Lancelot gave me the task. This was the first real talk I received in my new school. It seemed simple: go on the Internet and find information about a man named George Washington. Since my idea of history

37、 came from an ancient teacher in my home country, I had never heard of that name before. As I searched the name of this fellow, it became evident that there were two people bearing the same name who looked completely different! One invented hundreds of uses for peanuts, while the other led some sort

38、 of army across America. I stared at the screen, wondering which one my teacher meant. I called my grandfather for a golden piece of advice。 flip ( 掷) a coin. Headsthe commander, and tailsthe peanuts guy. Ah! Tails, my report would be about the great man who invented peanut butter, George Washington

39、 Carver. Weeks later, standing before this unfriendly mass, I was totally lost. Oh well, I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk, burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report, it all became clear, “My report is on George Washington, the man who started the American

40、Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington? Obviously, my grade was awful. Heartbroken but fearless, I decided to turn this around. I talked to Miss Lancelot, but she insisted: No re-dos 。no new grade. I felt that the punishment was not justifie

41、d, and I believed I deserved a second chance. Consequently, I threw myself heartily into my work for the rest of the school year. Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmasters office with my grandfather, now having an entirely different conversation. I smiled an

42、d flashed back to the embarrassing moment at the beginning of the year as the headmaster informed me of my option to skip the sixth grade. Justice is sweet! 60. What did the authors classmates think about his report? A. Controversial. B. Ridiculous. C. Boring. D. Puzzling. 61. Why was the author con

43、fused about the task? A. He was unfamiliar with American history. B. He followed the advice and flipped a coin. C. He forgot his teachers instruction.D. He was new at the school. 62. The underlined word “burning ” in Para. 3 probably means _.A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager 63. In the end, th

44、e author turned things around _. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 13 页- 7 - / 13 A. by redoing his task B. through his own efforts C. with the help of his grandfather D. under the guidance of his headmaster C Decision-making under Stress A new review based on a research shows tha

45、t acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible negative (负面的 ) consequences of a decision. The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways. “Stress affects how p

46、eople learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像 ) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed b

47、y having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience 。 in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than tho

48、se who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigarette while under stress at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may

49、 bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled. The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on co

50、nsequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different. Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better,