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1、精品名师归纳总结Unit1从才能到责任When today s high-school seniors are askedwhat they plan to do aftergraduates , mostsaythat theyintendto geta bachelor s degree.They have been told that their generationhas only “one way to win ”-by getting at least at least a bachelors degree, in the hope that it willeventually l

2、ead to a professional job.In a recent survey of high-school seniors conducted by the Nation Center for Education Statistics, 85 percent of the respondents saidthey planned to get a bachelor s degree. And, although 20 years ago only 45 percent of high-schoolgraduates went on to college, today68percen

3、tactuallymatriculate 注册 , withthemajority enrolling in four-year or two-year programs designed to allow themtransfer to four-year institutions.According to conventional wisdom, the rapidrise in the number of studentsattending college is cause for national celebration. But our researchsuggeststhat, i

4、ntendit may be causefor national concern. Why.Because for many young people, the“one way towin ”paradigm例子 is not realistic , given their academictalentsand the labor-marketprojections.Studentsranking below the top third of their high-school graduating class too often fail to earn as bachelor s degr

5、ee if they enroll in college. The cost of suchfailurein both dollars and unmetexpectations -is rising and beginning to可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结erode publicconfidence in our system of higheducation .A: ArnoldToynbeehassaidthat all progress,all development comefromachallengeandaconsequentresponse.Witho

6、ut challenge there is no response, no development, no freedom.So firstweoweto ourchildrenthemostdemanding,challenging curriculum that is within their capabilities.A. 德.汤说过,一切进步,一切进展均来自挑战及由此引起的反应。没有挑战就没有反应,没有进展,没有自由。所以,我们第一应当在我们孩子的才能答应的范畴内为他们开设最严格最富有挑战性的课 程。B: The second opportunity we can give our b

7、oys and girls is the right to failure. “Freedom is not only a privilege, it is a test, ”writes De Nouy. What kind of a test is it, what kind of freedom where noone can fail. The day is past when the United States can afford togive high school diplomas to all who sit through four years of instruction

8、, regardless of whether any visible results can be discerned. We live in arrowed world where we must be alert, awaketo realism: and realism demands a standard which either must be met or result in failure. These are hard words, but they are brutally true. If we deprive our children of the right to f

9、ail we deprive them of their knowledge of the world as it is.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结B. 我们可以向我们的孩子供应其次个机会是答应他们有失败的权力。 德.纽伊写道： “不仅是一种特权, 也是一种考查。 ”假如没有人可以失败,那它算什么考查, 算什么自由了？美国可以向全部在高中读者完四年课程而不管其是否取得任何明显收成的同学发放毕业文凭的日子已经一去不复返了。我们现在生活在一个外变得很狭隘的世界里,们必需同对现实保持警觉, 有所熟悉。 而现实主义要求树立一个要么胜利要么失败的标准。这些话听起来很刺耳,但都是残酷

10、的事实。假如我们剥夺了孩子的失败权力, 实际上我们就剥夺了他们照实的熟悉世界的机会。1、当今的高校生,尽管他们努力的想使自己成才,但对将来仍是很模糊的。（establish oneself ）Todays university students are struggling to establish themselves, but they still have ambiguous feelings about their future.2、一个人假如不能找到自我以外的中心, 就不能实现他的自我价值。所以,抱负的本科训练必需使同学超越自我。 （ transcend ）A man cannot

11、find himself without finding a center beyond himself.So the idealismof the undergraduateexperiencemust help the student transcend himself.3、我们剧烈的期望在高校所学到的学问在今后的工作与学习中能起到重要的作用。（ reveal oneself ）We eagerlyhopethat thelessonsleanedin theuniversitywill可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结reveal themselves in our per

12、formance in the workplace and further education.4、四年的本科学习是走向胜利生活的唯独道路,这种说法是无法接受的。（ go unchallenged ）It cannotgo unchallengedto say that the 4-yearundergraduate experience is the only path to success in life.5、在对一个关键的问题作结论时,假如只信任所谓专家而不信任自 己,不依据调查的结果, 不依据试验的数据, 那是在冒险。（run the risk of; blind faith in ）

13、We run the risk of making critical decisions, not on the basis of what we know, the findings of investigations, and the data of experiments, but on the basis of blind faith in professed experts.6、我们的事业需要一批受过良好训练又能关怀他人的年轻人,他们能团结一样,相互学习,积极参与四化建设。（ bandtogether; participate in ）Our task needs a large g

14、roup of well-informed, caring young people whocanbandtogether,learnfromeachother,andactively participate in the four modernizations.7、假如这所新学校要有生命活力的话,它培育的同学不仅要有扎实的基础和娴熟的专业技能,仍要有贡献精神。 （be to endure; commit oneself ）If it is to endure, the new school should help the students not only可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品

15、名师归纳总结acquire a sold basic education and become competent in a specific field, but also be ready to commit themselves to others.8、假如高校生对考试过于投入,就有可能把才能与贡献放到次要的位,这样说一点也不过分。（ push to the fringes ）It is not too much to say that if undergraduates excessively devote themselvestoexaminations,thewillpushcom

16、petenceand commitment to the fringes.9、我甚至没有跟他说话,当然更不用说与他争论有关你们学校的改建问题。（much less ）I didn t even speak to him; much less discuss the reconstruction of your school with him.10、有人认为考试是很重要的, 但也有人认为考试有不少弊端。 所以考试留下了一个我能解决的问题考试对训练有什么影响？（ open question ）Some peoplethink examinationsare secondto none, but s

17、ome thinkexaminationshavea lotof disadvantages.Examinations leaveusanopenessentialquestion-whatinfluencedo examinations exert on education.Unit 2 家庭企业：下一代的前景A small family-ownedcompany,Eisai, was one of the original manufacturersof vitamin E, and it maintaineda strongresearch可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结

18、commitmenttonaturalpharmaceuticals.Overtheyears,it developeddrugs for the treatmentof cardiovascular,respiratory, andneurologicaldiseases.Thecompanyexperiencedsteady. Modestgrowth,and in 1992 salesreached197 billionyen and profits approached13 billion yen. Although it was the sixth-largest Japanesep

19、harmaceuticalcompany,Eisai was a relativelysmall player in an industryin which globalcompetitionwas increasing while growth in the domestic market was slowing down.In 1993, Haruo Naito took over as president from his father. Before that, he had chaired Eisai s five-year strategic planning committee.

20、 During that time, he had become convinced that the company s focus on the discovery and manufacture of pharmaceuticals was not sustainable for long-term growth againstlarge,globalcompetitors.Twoyearsafterbecomingpresident, Naito formulated a radical newvision for Eisai that he called Human Health C

21、are. Itextended the company s focus from manufacturing drug treatments for specific illness toimproving the overall quality of life. To accomplish that mission, Eisai developed a widearray of new products.And that, in turn, would require broad involvement and commitment. He encouraged innovativeacti

22、vity and created an environmentin which employees effortswould be acceptedand rewarded . Soontherewereproposalsfor 130additionalHHC可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结competitorsprojectsandbytheendof1996,intheJapanesedomesticpharmaceuticalindustry,and Eisai s customersandview the company as a leader in health c

23、are.Owners/founders are extremely driven and dynamic. Often they excel at more than one skill. In ,many cases, production experts are also marketing geniuses or skilled financiers. Replacing them may require more than one person. Therefore, family business owners should determine exactly how the suc

24、cession process should create his or her own chart. These charts should then be compared. The differences will point to gaps in the management structure and highlight areas of misunderstanding and differences in perception.业主/企业创建者不仅进取心强,而且精力充足。他们往往善于于 多种技能。 在很多情形之下, 他们即是生产专家又是营销天才或体会丰富的金融家。 要接替他们的工

25、作就需要很多的人。 因此家庭企业主应当通过制定组织机构图来明确规定该企业怎样运作。参与交接过程的每个主要成员也应当制定他们自己的组织构图。然后,. 对它们进行比较。各机构之间的不同点将说明治理体制上的差异、存在误会的主要方面及观念上分歧。Few businesses, even family businesses, grow without the help of loyal employees.More often than not多半,通常 , they hold key positions in management. Therefore, you可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师

26、归纳总结must keep your employees informed about long-rang succession plans. Key management must have a clear picture of where they stand and what their responsibilities will be in a succession-management structure. Develop a compensation and benefit structure that is sufficient to attract and retain key

27、 managers as well as to motivate them to perform in the best interests of the business and the family.没有忠心耿耿雇员 ,很少企业能够进展壮大,即使是家庭企业也是如此。这些尽职的雇员多半担任了主要治理职务。因此,应当将关于产业继承的长远方案随时通报给他们, 而主要的企业治理人员必需清晰知道他们在产业交接治理机构中的职责。 改进企业的劳保福利制度以吸引和留住主要部门经理 ,激发他们的积极性 ,使他们能为企业和业主的最大利益而工作1. 他不但是位杰出的银行家和公认的贸易专家, 而且仍是位体会丰富的

28、企业主管。（ not to mention ）He is an experienced banker and an acknowledged trade expert, not to mention an excellent managing director.2. 意大利一个和平组织的抱负者不顾危急,已开赴伊拉克首都巴格达,组成“人体盾牌”,以阻挡美国轰炸该的。（ regardless of）Regardless of danger, volunteers from an Italian organization for peace have gone to Baghdad, the cap

29、ital of Iraq, to form a body可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结shield for the purpose of preventing the US from bombing the place.3. 在这个家庭里,没有人比朱蒂更能致力于经营房的产生意。（be dedicated to）Nobody in the family is more dedicated to operating the real estate business than Judy.4. 由于经济不景气,房的产经纪人正处于或降低房价或削减销售量的两难境的。（ dilemma ）

30、Because of the economic depression, real estate agents are in the dilemma of whether to lower prices or let sales fall off.5. 史密斯先生往往靠谨慎投资而猎取巨额利润。（more often than not ）More often than not （ 通常）, Mr. Smith earns great profits by careful investment of his capital.6. 约翰在学校里各门功课的成果都不怎样,但在体育方面倒是身手不凡。（ ex

31、cel at）John did not make much of a mark in his studies at school, but he excelled at sports.7. 有条不紊的职责交接是家庭企业长期富强的一个条件。 （ transition; long-range）可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结Ordrly transition of responsibilities is a condition for the long-range prosperity of a family business.8. 在制定投资方案之前, 你最好对投资前景有个清晰的

32、明白。 have a clear picture of You had better have a clear picture of prospects before formulating a plan for investment.9. 尽管雕塑费时, 但是仍有一些人以雕塑为职业。（time-consuming ）Although sculpture is a time-consuming art, there are still some people following it as a profession.10. 这家电脑软件公司正处于从独资经营到合资经营的转化过程中。（ in th

33、e midst of）The software company is in the midst of being transformed from an individual proprietorship to a joint venture.Unit3美国人的喜爱Today it can be said that wheels run America.The four rubber tiresoftheautomobilemoveAmericathoughworkandpay. Wheelsspin,and peopledrive off to their jobs.Tires turn,a

34、nd people shop for the weeks food at the big supermarket.Down the highway. Hubcaps whirl, and the whole family spends可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结a day at the lake. Each year morewheels crowd the highways as10 million new carsroll out of the factories.One out of every six Americas works at assembling car

35、s, driving trucks, building roads,or pumping gas. Americawithout car.its unthinkable.But even though themajority of Americans would find it hard to imagine what life would be like without a car, some have begun to realize that the automobileis a mixed blessing.Traffic accidents areincreasingsteadily

36、,andlargecitiesareplaguedbytraffic congestion. Worst of all, perhaps, is the air pollution caused by the internal-combustionengine.Every car engineburns hundredsof gallons of fuel each year and pumps hundredsof poundsof the smogthathangsoverlargecities.Someof thesegasesare poisonous and dangerousto

37、one s health, especially for someonewith a weak heart or a respiratory disease.One answer to the problem of air pollution is to build a car thatdoesnotpollute.That swhatseveralmajorautomobile manufacturers are trying to do.But building a clean car is easier said thandone . So far, progress has been

38、slow. Another solution is to eliminate car fumealtogether by getting rid of the internal-combustion engine. Inventors are now working on turbine-powered cars,as wellas on cars powered by steam andelectricity . But most of us wont be driving cars run on可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结batteries or boiling wat

39、er for a while yet. Many auto makers believe that it will take years to developpractical models that are powered by electricity or steam.A.Historically, jeeps reputation as a go-anywhere vehicle dates back to the SecondWorld War when the original the Jeep, supplied by the Willys company, carried All

40、ied forces through the Pacific and Europe.The Macquarie dictionary of Motoringsays the name Jeep stemmed from the UnitedStates Army s decision to call the vehicle GP for General Purpose vehicle. The name was eventually corrupted to “jeep, ”from the pronunciation of the letters GP, and became a trade

41、mark owned by the Willys company.Jeep became part of Chrysler in 1998 and the company has since spent a lot of money to revitalize the Jeep production facilities, and to increase the number and style of modelsavailable. Chrysler says the jeep s war-time reputation and rugged image undoubtedly helped

42、 it to carve out a new role in peacetime as a recreational vehicle. It says the Jeepcreated the original market for recreational, off-road vehicles using the powerful four-wheel drive traction known commercially as 4 WD for which the army jeep was famous.在历史上, 吉普车以其能适应各种路况的出众性能而著称于世。 这种美名可以追溯到二战期间,

43、当时由威利斯公司供应的最初型号的吉普可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结车载着盟军部队驰骋于太平洋沿岸及欧洲战场。一书认为, “吉普 ”这个名字起源于美国军队打算把这种车辆叫做 GP （for GeneralPurpose ）即多功能车之意。而后, GP 这两个字母的读音被误发成为 “吉普”,并成为威利斯公司享有的商标名称。1988 年吉普为克莱斯勒公司全部,此后该公司投入了大量资金更新改造吉普车的生产设备,提高吉普车的产量并开发各种新车型应市。克莱斯勒公司称吉普车在战争岁月享有的盛名以及其牢固耐用的形象无疑会有助于它在和平常期树立其作为休闲消遣车的新形象。 该公司说,吉普为休闲

44、,越野车开发了新市场,它有强劲的 4 轮牵引装置（商业上称为 4 轮驱动）,过去军用吉普车曾因此而享誉四方。1. 汽车产生后进展很快,不久就代替了马。（displace ）The automobile was improved very rapidly after it was invented and soon displaced horses.2. 由于汽车污染环境并严峻损害人体,甚至杀人,我们可能不得不消减私人拥有汽车的数量而更多的依靠公共交通系统。 （mass transit systems ）We may have to cut down on the number of priva

45、tely owned carsand depend moreon publicmass transit systemsbecausecars pollute and maim or even kill people.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品名师归纳总结3. 汽车轮子给我们带来了更好、更为便利的交通时,它也应对诸如空气污染、交通事故、交通拥挤之类的很多问题负责。 （be guilty of）While wheels automobiles have brought with them better or more convenient transportation, they are

46、 guilty of many sins, such as air pollution, traffic accidents and traffic congestion.4. 美国人对汽车的喜爱以及他们较大的工作流淌性是出了名的。 （ be noted for ）Americans are noted for their love for cars and great job mobility.5. 要是燃料质量和效率的提高和技术的进步能大大削减汽车的排放量,那该多好啊。（ if only ）If only advancesin fuel quality and efficiencyand in technology would radically reduce the emissions from automobiles.6. 在美国,高度发达的大路网使在各的之间来来往往成为可能。（ from coast to coas