2022年初中英语各年级知识点总结 .pdf
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1、初一英语语法虽然是从简单的一些日常用语出发的,但语法中常会有一些知识点看起来很细小,容易被忽视,但这些知识点掌握不熟练,往往会造成一些语法应用上的错误。因此在学习初一英语语法时,要认真、细心,不要觉得一些地方不重要而得过且过。下面从几个方面,总结出了初一英语语法,如果要复习英语句法的同学,可以参考一下,一、初一英语语法词法今天讲的内容1、名词A) 、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,而不可数名词它没有复数形式,但可数名词却有单数和复数之分,复数的构成如下:一)在后面加s。如: fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
2、 二) x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es。如: boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三) 1)以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加es 如: baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2)以元音字母加y 结尾的直接加s。如: day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways 四)以 o 结尾加 s(外来词)。如: radi
3、os, photos, 但如是辅音加o 的加 es:如 : tomatoes 西红柿 , potatoes 马铃薯五)以f 或 fe 结尾的变f 为 v 再加es(s)。如: knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves 六)单复数相同(不变的)有:fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , Chinese, Japanese 七)一般只有复数,没有单数的有:people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes,
4、 socks 八)单词形式不变,既可以是单数也可以是复数的有:police 警察局,警察, class班,同学 , family 家,家庭成员九)合成的复数一般只加主要名词,多数为后一个单词。如:action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由 man 或 woman 所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如: man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers 十)有的单复数意思不同。如:fish 鱼 fishes 鱼的种类 , paper 纸 papers 报纸,卷子,论文, work
5、工作works 作品,工厂 , glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯, 眼镜 , orange 桔子水oranges 橙子 , light 光线lights 灯, people 人 peoples 民族 , time时间times 时代 , 次数 , chicken 鸡肉chickens 小鸡十一) 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s 或s。如:Is (Is), Ks (K s)。但如是缩略词则只加s。如:IDs, VCDs, SARs 十 二 )特 殊 形 式 的 有 : child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice,
6、 policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen B)名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下:一)单数在后面加s。如: brother s, Mikes, teachers 二)复数以 s 结尾的直接在s 后加 ,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers Day 教师节 , classmates; Childrens Day六一节 , Womens Day妇女节三)由and 并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如: Mike and Ben s r
7、oom 迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mikes and Bens rooms 迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)2、代词项目人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数 I me my mine myself 复数we us our ours ourselves 第二人称单数 you you your yours yourself 复数you you your yours yourselves 第三人称单数 she her her hers herself he him his his himself it it its its this that itself 复数they
8、 them their theirs these those themselves 3、动词A) 第三人称单数精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 17 页当动词是第三人称单数时,动词应该像名词的单数复数那样加s,如下:一)一般在词后加s。如: comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains 二)在 x, sh, ch, s, tch后加 es。如: watches, washes, wishes, finishes 三) 1)以辅音字母加y 结尾的变y 为 i 再加 es。
9、如: study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries 2)以元音字母加y 结尾的直接加s。如: plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys 四)以 o 结尾加 es。如: does, goes 五)特殊的有:are-is, have-has B) 现在分词当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:一) 一般在后加ing。 如: spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-
10、watching, go-going, do-doing 二) 以不发音e 的结尾的去掉e 再加 ing。 如: dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having 三)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show showing, draw-drawing )要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如: put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning 四)以 ie
11、 结尾的变ie 为 y 再加 ing。如: tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying 位于4、形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时,则要使用比较或最高级形式。构成如下:一) 一般在词后加er 或 est(如果是以 e 结尾则直接加r 或 st)。 如: greater-greatest, shorter shortest, taller tallest, longer longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest 二)以重读闭音节结尾且1 个元音字母 1 个辅音字母 (字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的
12、双写结尾的辅音再加 er /est 。如: big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest 三)以辅音字母 y 结尾的变y 为 i 加 er/est 。如: happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest 四)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远) good/well - bett
13、er best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest 5、数词(基变序,有规则;一、二、三,自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y 结尾,变为i, eth 跟上去。 ) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-tw
14、entieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth 二、初一英语语法句式1.陈述句肯定陈述句a) This is a book. (be动词 ) b) He looks very young. (连系动词 ) c) I want a sweat like this. ( 实义动词 ) d) I can bring some things to school. ( 情态动词 ) e) Theres a computer on my desk. (There be 结构 ) 否定陈述句a) These arent their books. b) They don t
15、 look nice. c) Kate doesn t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can t find her doll.e) There isn t a cat here. (=There s no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let s learn English! c) Come in, please. 否定祈使句a) Don t be late. b) Don t hurry. 3. 疑问句1) 一般疑问句a) Is Jim a student? b) Can I
16、 help you? c) Does she like salad? d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading? 肯定回答 : a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is. 否定回答 : a) No, he isnt. b) No, you cant. c) No, she doesnt. d) No, they don t. e) No, she isn t. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -
17、 - - -第 2 页,共 17 页2) 选择疑问句Is the table big or small? 回答Its big./ It s small. 3) 特殊疑问句 问年龄How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 问种类What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 问身体状况How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 问方式How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K. How do we contact you? My
18、 e-mail address is . 问原因Why do you want to join the club? 问时间Whats the time? (=What time is it?) It s a quarter to ten a.m. What time do you usual ly get up, Rick? At five o clock.When do you want to go? Let s go at 7:00. 问地方Wheres my backpack? Its under the table. 问颜色What color are they? They are l
19、ight blue. What s your favourite color? It s black. 问人物Who s that? Its my sister. Who is the boy in blue? My brother. Who isn t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 问东西Whats this/that (in English)? It s a pencil case. What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccol
20、i, strawberries and hamburgers. 11 问姓名What s your aunts name? Her name is Helen./Shes Helen. What s your first name? My first name s Ben.What s your family name? My family name s Smith.12 问哪一个Which do you like? I like one in the box. 13 问字母What letter is it? It s big D/small f. 14 问价格How much are th
21、ese pants? They re 15 dollars. 15 问电话号码Whats your phone number? It s 576-8349. 16 问谓语 (动作 ) What s he doing? He s watching TV. 17 问职业 (身份 ) What do you do? I m a teacher. What s your father? He s a doctor.三、初一英语语法时态1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时,它有:Be 动词: Shes a worker. Is she a worker? She isnt a
22、worker. 情态动词: I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can t play the piano. 行为动词: They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They dont want to eat any tomatoes. Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn t have a watch.2、现在进行时表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态,结
23、构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它 . I m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn t writing a letter.They re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren t listening to the pop music.初二英语知识点总结:
24、(一)一般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。be going to do (动词原形)结构:表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如:It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法:1. 表示预见精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 17 页Do you think it
25、will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下:一般疑问句构成:(1) will+主语 +do? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? (2) there be 结构的一般疑问句:Will there + be ? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / N
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