2022年初中英语必备知识点 .pdf
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1、学习必备欢迎下载初中英语必备知识点初中英语常用不规则动词分类表1. A-A-A 型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形)动词原形(现在式)过去式 过去分词cost cost cost 花费cut cut cut 割,切hit hit hit 打let let let 让put put put 放下read read read 读hurt hurt hurt 伤2. A-A-B 型(现在式和过去式同形)beat beat beaten 打3. A-B-A 型(现在式和过去分词同形)come came come 来become became become 变run ran run 跑4. A -B -B
2、 型(1) 在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d 或 t 构成过去式或过去分词。burn burnt burnt 燃烧learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习mean meant meant 意思精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载hear heard heard 听见(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t ” 构成过去式或过去分词。build built built 建筑lend lent lent 借给lose lost lost 失去send sent se
3、nt 送spend spent spent 花费(3)其他pay paid paid 付lay laid laid 下蛋say said said 说bring brought brought 带来buy bought bought 买think thought thought 想sleep slept slept 睡keep kept kept 保持sweep swept swept 扫stand stood stood 站understand understood understood 明白win won won 得胜shine shone/shined shone/shined 发光精选
4、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载catch caught caught 抓住teach taught taught 教feel felt felt 觉得fight fought fought 战斗find found found 发现get got got 得到hang hanged/ hung hanged/ hung 绞死,挂have had had 有hold held held 盛,握leave left left 离开make made made 制造meet met met 遇见sell
5、sold sold 卖shoot shot shot 射击tell told told 告诉smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 嗅,闻sit sat sat 坐dig dug dug 挖5. A-B-C 型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)(1)在动词原形后加 -n 或-en构成过去分词。eat ate eaten 吃精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载fall fell fallen 落下steal stole stolen 偷give gave given 给fr
6、eeze froze frozen 冻结take took taken 拿see saw seen 看见write wrote written 写ride rode ridden 骑drive drove driven 驾驶throw threw thrown 抛,扔blow blew blown 吹grow grew grown 生长know knew known 知道fly flew flown 飞draw drew drawn 拉,绘画show showed shown 展示(2)过去式加 -n 或-en 构成过去分词。speak spoke spoken 说话break broke b
7、roken 破碎,折断wake waked/ woke waked/ waken 醒choose chose chosen 选择forget forgot forgotten 忘记精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载(3) 变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i ”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。begin began begun 开始ring rang rung 按铃sing sang sung 唱sink sank sunk 沉swim swam swum 游泳drink drank dru
8、nk 饮(4)其他不规则动词的变化。be(am, is) was/ were been 是be(are) were been 是do did done 做go went gone 去lie lay lain 躺wear wore worn 穿一、名词复数的规则变化1)一般情况加 s. eg: map-maps bag-bags car-cars 2)以 s,sh,ch,x 等结尾的词加 es. eg:bus-buses watch-watches 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载3)以 ce,se
9、,ze,(d)ge 等结尾的词加 s eg: license-licenses 4)以辅音字母 +y 结尾的词变 y 为 i 再加 es eg: baby-babies 二、名词复数的不规则变化1)child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women 注意:与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词, 其复数形式也是-men 和-women 。如: an Englishman ,two Englishmen. 但 German 不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans ;Bowman 是姓,其复数是the Bowma
10、ns 。2)单复同形eg: deer ,sheep ,fish,Chinese ,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu ,four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。eg: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a people ,a police,a cattle ,但可以说a person ,a policeman ,a head of cattle,the Engl
11、ish,the British ,the French ,the Chinese ,the Japanese ,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载eg: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。4)以 s 结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:a. maths ,politics,physics 等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。b. news 是不可数名词。c. the United States
12、,the United Nations 应视为单数。The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是 1945 年组建起来的。d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book. 是一本非常有趣的故事书。5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses ( 眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词pair(对,双); suit( 套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of tro
13、users 6)另外还有一些名词, 其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物, waters 水域,fishes(各种)鱼精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载名词单复数用法1)当 there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时, 谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in th
14、e class. 2)当 either or 与 neither nor , 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由 here, there 引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。Either you or she is to go. Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 3) 当主语后面跟有 with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语一致。The teache
15、r together with some students is visiting the factory. He as well as I wants to go boating. 四、谓语需用单数1) 代词 each 和由 every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载或主语中含有 each, every, 谓语需用单数。Each of us has a tape-recorder. There is something wrong with
16、my watch. 2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。3) 表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体, 谓语一般用单数。 (用复数也可,意思不变。) Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. Ten yuan is enough 一、 一般现在时1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2.时间状语:Alway
17、s, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month),once a week(day, year, month), on Sundays, 3.基本结构:动词原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)4.否定形式:主语 +am/is/are +not+ 其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加dont, 如主语为第三人称单数,则用 doesnt ,同时还原行为动词。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载5.一般疑
18、问句:把 be 动词放于句首;用助动词do 提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。6.例句: . It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 时态判断及运用编辑本段 二、 一般过去时1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2.时间状语: ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month), in 19
19、89, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构: be 动词;行为动词的过去式4.否定形式:主语 +was/were +not+ 其他;在行为动词前加didnt,同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句: was 或 were 放于句首;用助动词do 的过去式 did 提问,同时还原行为动词。6.例句: She often came to help us in those days. I didnt know you were so busy. 编辑本段 三、 现在进行时1.概念:
20、表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 19 页学习必备欢迎下载2.时间状语: Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen 3.基本结构:主语 +be +doing + 其他4.否定形式:主语 +be +not +doing+ 其他5.一般疑问句:把 be 动词放于句首。6.例句: How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 编辑本段 四、 过去进行时1.概念:表示过去某
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