2022年八年级上下册知识点 .pdf

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1、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思Units1-2一、短语1.how often 2.as for 3.how many 4.of course 5.look after 6.a lot of 7.go to the movie 8.every day9.twice a week 10.want sb to do sth11.be good for 12.at the moment13.look after 14. 患感冒15. 保持健康16. 帮助某人做某事17. 和一样18.尽力做某事19. kind of 20.stessed out 21. 一条建议22 keep _ good h

2、ealth二、重点句子1.What do you usually do on weekends ?2.How often does cheng watch TV ?3. but I m pretty healthy .4.Whats the matter (with you) ?=_?=_?5.So maybe I m not very healthy , although I have a healthy habit .6You should drink some hot tea with honey .7.I m not feeling well .8.I hope you feel be

3、tter soon .三、词语辨析1.sometime/some time/sometimes/some times(1) sometime 作副词时表示“在某时，有朝一日”，指将来或过去的一个不确定时间。I saw her sometime last year .(2) some time 用作名词词组，指“一段时间”。I waited for you for some time .(3) sometimes 是个频度副词，意为“有时”。(4) some times 意为“几次，几倍”。 He has been to Japan some times .2maybe/may be精选学习资料

4、 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 25 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思(1) maybe是副词，意思是“也许，可能”，在句子中作状语，相当于perhaps ,常位于句首。(2) 在 may be中，may 是情态动词， be是动词原形，在句子中作谓语，意思是“也许是，可能是”。3a few/a little/few/little（1）a few用作定语，修饰可数名词复数，意思是“少数的，几个，一些”，表示肯定含义。（2）few表示“很少的，几乎没有的”，表示否定含义，反义词为many 。（3）a little 修饰不可数名词

5、，意思是“一点儿，少量” , 表示肯定含义。（4）little 表示“很少的，几乎没有的“，其反义词是much。4.much too/too much/too many(1)much too中的 much用在 too之前加强语气，意思是“实在太，非常”，常用在形容词或副词前。(2)too much中的 too用在 much前，说明“多”的程度，意思是“太多” , 常用作副词或代词，放在动词之后，不可数名词之前。(3)too many意思是“太多”，修饰可数名词复数。5in/on/at 表示时间的用法(1) in 表示一段时间，常用于年份、月份、季节、泛指的早/午/晚之前。(2) on 表示在某

6、天，常用于星期、日期、节日或某天（特指）的早/午/晚之前。(3) at 常用于时间点之前。练习一、单项选择1. He hardly ever goes to bed before midnight., _ ?A.is he B.isn t he C.does he D.doesn t he2. -_ do you go to the library ? -Once a week . A.How long B.How many C.How often D.How soon3. She was born _ a cold Monday morning . A.on B.in C.at D.for4

7、. This woman _ his mother . A.maybe B.may be C.may is D.perhaps5. It took me _ to finish the work .A.sometimes B.sometime C.some times D.some time6. The meat is _ dear and eating _ meat is bad for your health .A.too much , much too B.too much , too muchC.much too , too much D.much many , too many 精选

8、学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 25 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思7-_ does she do on weekends ? -She watches TV .A.What B.Where C.Who D.How8. The students exercise every day and they try _ themselves healthy .A.keep B.keeping C.kept D.to keep9. -_ ? - I have a stomachache . A.Who are you B.W

9、hats the matter C.How are you D.What are youUnits3-4一. 短语1. 多久_ 2.回来/ 取回_ 3.去度假_4. 乘公共汽车 _ 5.视而定，决定于 _ 6. 乘坐小船_ 7. 看_ 8.how far_ 9.leave for_10.show sb sth/show sth to sb_ 11.send sb sth/send sth to sb_12.plan to do_ 13.fromto _ 14.think of_15.need to do_ 16.need doing_ 17.get up_二重点句子 18.finish doi

10、ng_1.What are you doing _ vacation ?2.This time I want to do something different .3.How long does it take to get to school ? It takes sbto do sth ./ sb spendson sth/ sb spends (in) doing sth 4.That must be a lot more fun than _ (take)a bus !5.How far is it from your home to school ?6.A small number

11、of students take the subway . a number of 表示“许多”，后跟可数名词复数，表数量的多少时，则用large和 small 修饰 number 。三词语辨析1.forget to do / forget doing(1)forget to do表示“忘记曾经做过某事”。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 25 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思(2)forget doing表示“忘记做某事（未做）”。2.get / arrive / reach 到达(1)get表示“到达”，是不及

12、物动词，若加宾语，后需跟介词to 。(2)arrive为不及物动词， 若加宾语， 后面跟介词 in（大地点）或 at（小地点）。(3)reach为及物动词，后直接跟地点。(4) 若没有地点时，用arrive 。(5)reach还可表示“伸手去够、拿”。四中考聚焦1. It is + 形容词 + (for/of sb) + to do sth 表示“（对某人来说） 做某事” ，it是形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。当形容词为表示人的道德品质的词时，用 of 。2.cost/spend/pay/buy花钱(1)(sb) spendon sth / (sb) spend(in) doing sth(2

13、)(sb) payfor sth / (sb) pay sb (3) (sb) buy sth for(4) (sth) cost sb某物值多少钱练习一单项选择1.It is so nice _ you to say so. A.to B.of C.for D.with2.-How much did you _ for the dictionary? -12 dollars. A.buy B.spend C.cost D.pay3.He _ a lot of time playing computer games on weekends. A.takes B.costs C.pays D.s

14、pends4.Hurry up! The bus _ . A.comes B.come C.is coming D.is comeing5.They will finish _ in 10 minutes. A.talk B.to talk C.talking D.talks6.Oh, I forgot _ my eraser with me.Can I use yours? A.bring B.brought C.to bring D.bringing7.There is _ with your bike. A.wrong something B.anyting wrong C.someth

15、ing wrong D.wrong anything8.-_are you going to London? -By air. A.When B.How C.Where D.Why9.They are in _ school,but in _ classes.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 25 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 A.same,different B.the different,the same c.the same,different D.same,the different10.He ofte

16、n goes to work _. A.by his bike B.by bike C.on bike D.by a bike二句型转换，一空一词。1.It s 5 minutes walk from my home to school.（同义句） It _ me 5 minutes _ walk to school.2.Your cloth is different from mine.（同义句） Your cloth is not _ _ as mine.3.It was snowing,but it was not very cold.（同义句） It was not very cold

17、 _ _ was snowing.4.He takes a train to work.（否定句）He _ _ a train to work.5.The hospital is only a few kilometers away.（对划线部分提问）_ _ is the hospital?Units5-6一短语1. 后天_ 2. 顺便来访 _ 3. 擅长_4. 游泳池 _ 5. 为考试学习 study _ a test 6.have a piano lesson7. 另一次 _ 8. 不得不 _ 9.this week_ 10.next week_ 11.be free_ 12.在某些方面_

18、13. 喜欢做某事 enjoy _ sth 14.look the same_15. 迫使某人做某事make sb _ sth 16.be good with_ 17.stop doing sth_ 18.stop to do sth_19.show sb sth=show sth to sb_20.the same as_二. 重点句子1.Can you come to my birthday party next Saturday?2.Sorry,I have to go to my piano lessons.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -

19、 - - -第 5 页，共 25 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思 Sure,Id love to.3.Thanks for asking.4.Why not come to my party? _ _ you come to my party?5.Whats today? Its Monday the 14th.6.Sam has shoter hair than Tom7.Linda is not sa careful sa lily.8.we are both quiet.We both have black eyes and black hair. Both girls go

20、to lots of parties. Both of the girls go to lots of parties. Both Liu Ying and Liu Li enjoy going to parties.(否定句 ) _ Liu Ying _ Liu Li _ going to parties.9.He always beat me in tennis.10.Who do you think should get the job?11.Call English Study Center _ 443-5667.三词语辨析1.take / spend ：都可表示“花时间”。(1)It

21、 takes sbto do sth.(2)sb spends on sth / sb spends(in) doing sth2.both / all：做形容词或代词时，都表示“全，都”的意思。位于系动词、情态动词之后，行为动词之前。(1)both用来表示“两者都”，作定语时其后跟复数名词，作主语时谓语用复数形式。(2)all指“三者或三者以上都”，既可修饰单数名词，表示“全，总，整”，又可修饰复数名词，表示“全部，所有的”。3.other / another / the other / others(1)another可作形容词或代词，意为“又一个（的）；再一个（的）”，表示三者或三者以上

22、的同类中除一个以外的任何一个，一般只能指代或修饰单数名词，是泛指。 another + 数词 + 复数名词 =数词 + more + 复数名词(2)other可作形容词，意为“别的，另外的”，其后可以跟单数名词或复数名词。(3)the other意为“两者中的另一个”，代替或修饰单数名词；或“（一个整体中除去一部分的）另一部分”，代替或修饰复数名词，相当于the rest of 。(4)others意为“其他的或别的人或物，指代复数名词，是泛指，不能作定语。4.beat / win精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 25 页

23、读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思(1)beat意为“击败、打败某人”，其宾语为表示人的名词或代词。(2)win意为“赢得比赛、获胜”，其宾语为比赛、游戏、奖项等。四Would like的用法1.would like sth / would like (sb) to do sth2.-Would you like an apple ? -Yes , please ./ No , thanks .3. Would you like to go swimming with us ? -Yes , Id love to ./ Id love to , but I have to do my ho

24、mework .五形容词、副词用法（见中考任我行P75）。练习一单项选择。1._ you play tennis with me tomorrow? A.How about B.Shall C.Could D.May2. Would you like to have some tea? -_. A.Yes ,I would . B.No ,I wouldnt C.Yes ,Id love . D.Yes ,Id love to .3.I think a good friend likes to do the same things _ me . A.as B.like C.from D.wit

25、h4.We _ like sports , although Liu Ying and Lucy are more athletic than me . A.both B.all C.whole D.the whole5.I dont like the color of the T-shirt . Would you show me _ one ? A.other B.the other C.another D.others6.Please find a time your parents _ go to the mall . A.both can B.all can C.can both D

26、.can all7.He has _ friends than I . A.much more B.many more C.very more D.too more8.In our homework , the more careful we are , _ mistakes well make . A.little B.less C.fewer D.the fewer9._ there is no air or water , there can be no life of any kind . A.For B.Because C.As D.When10.He _ a lot of time

27、 playing computer games on weekends . A.takes B.costs C.pays D.spends二完成句子，一空一词。1.She has to help her mother do the housework .(变否定句 ) She _ _ to help her mother do the housework .2.It s Monday the 20th today .（提问） _ is _ ?精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 25 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思3

28、.Mike is 14 years old . David is 12years old . (合并为一句 ) David is 2 years _ _ Mike .4.He bought some books yesterday . (变一般疑问句 ) _ he buy _ books yesterday ?5. 老板迫使工人们一天工作12 个小时。 ( 完成译句 ) The boss _ the workers _ 12 hours a day .Units7-8一短语1. 打开_ 2. 闲荡_ 3.pour into _4.add to _ 5. 两茶匙蜂蜜 _ 6. 照相_7.at t

29、he end of _ 8.by the end of _ 9. in the end_10. 编故事 _ 11. 去兜风 _ 12. 整天_13.win a prize_ 14.a slice of_ 15. 上周_二重点句子1.How many apples do we need ?2.How much salt and yogurt ?3.How was your school trip ?4.-Were there any sharks ? -Yes , there were . / No , there werent .5.-Did you go to the zoo ? -Yes

30、, I did . / No , I didnt .6.That sounds really interesting .7.What else did you do ?8.On my next day off , I dont want to go for a drive .三词语辨析1.turn / open :turn on 表示“打开（液流、气流、电流等的）龙头或开关”。而 open 表示打开与电无关的东西，强调动作。2.nobody / none / no one:三者都有“没人”之意，区别在于：(1)none 指三者或三者以上的“没有，都不”，既可指人，也可指物，常与of连用，既可修

31、饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词。接可数名词时，谓语用单复数均可，若与不可数名词连用，谓语只可用单数形式。(2)nobody 相当于 no one ，只可指人，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。(3)none 还可用于对 how many或 how much引导的疑问句进行回答， 即表示数量。-How many birds are there in the tree ?精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 25 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思-None .3.other / else:两者都有“别的，其他的”的含义。Oth

32、er 是形容词，用于名词的前面； else 既可作副词，也可作形容词，常修饰复合不定代词或疑问词，并放在它们后面。4.how 组成的短语how long 多长，多久（就时间、物体长度提问） how often多久一次（就频度提问）how soon 多久以后（就不久将来提问） how far 多远（就距离提问）how many多少（就可数名词数量提问） how much 多少（就不可数名词数量或价格提问）how old 多大，几岁（就年龄提问） how tall多高（就高度提问）how wide 多宽（就宽度提问） how heavy多重（就重量提问）how deep 多深（就深度提问）四语法：

33、一般过去时1. 定义：表示在过去时间里发生的动词或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常发生或习惯性的动作。2. 构成：谓语动词一律用过去式。3. 标志词： yesterday 、 last week、 three days ago、 just now、 at that time 等。4.there be句型的一般过去式：There was / were + 名词 +介词短语。否定： There wasn t / werent 疑问： Was / Were there ? 回答： Yes , there was / were . (No , there wasnt / werent .)练习一单项选择。

34、1.-Do you know _ Yao Ming is ? -Somebody says he is about 2.26 meters , but Im not sure . A.how many B.how far C.how old D.how tall2.I ate _ foe breakfast . A.two bread B.two breads C.two slices of breads D.two slices of bread3.Here are the bananas . Please _ . A.cut it up B.cut up it C.cut them up

35、D.cut up them4.-_ was your father like when he was young ? -He was tall and strong . A.What B.How C.What about D.How about精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 25 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思5.I m sorry Im busy at the present . youd better ask _ for help . A.some one else B.some else body C.s

36、omebody else D.anyone else6.He finished writing the novel _ of last month . A.at the end B.in the end C.by the end D.on the end7.The students _ the classroom last Friday . A.clean B.cleaning C.to clean D.cleaned8.There _ two pens and a dictionary on the desk just now . A.is B.was C.are D.were9.-How

37、many birds are in the tree ? -_. A.No B.None C.No one D.Nothing10.In China , people usually have 7 days _ during the Spring Festival . A.off B.of C.away D.for二完成句子，一空一词。1.Tom did his homework at 9:00 last night .（变为否定句） Tom _ _ his homework at 9:00 last night .2.None of the girls like P.E. .（变为反意疑问句

38、） None of the girls like P.E. , _ _ ?3.I d like three cups of yogurt .（对划线部分提问） _ _ cups of yogurt would you like ?4.Last year , his mother gave him an MP4 as a birthday gift .（变为被动语态） He _ _ an MP4 as a birthday gift last year .5. 昨天，她在动物园照了很多动物的照片。( 完成句子 ) Yesterday she _ _ of many animals in the

39、zoo .Units9-10一短语1.too to _2.参加，加入 _3.因为，由于_4.grow up_5. 在岁时 _6.全世界_7. 同时_8.move to_9.一两年_10.hold an exhibition_11.start doing_12.keep fit_ 13.练习做某事 _ 14. 出生_精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 25 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思15. 学习做某事 _ 16.在 70 年的历史里 _17.存钱_二重点句子1.When was he born ? He was

40、 born _ 1973.He was born _ January 10th ,1973.2.You are never too young to start doing things.3.He began to learn the accordion at the age of four. He began to learn the accordion _ he _ four years old.4.Ronaldo played _ his national team when he was seventeen.5.What are you going to be when you gro

41、w up? I m going to be an actor.6.How are you going to do that? I m going to take acting lessons.7.I m going to buy a big house _ the money8.An old lady found a job _ a foreign language teacher.三. 词语辨析1.join / join in / take part in :加入，参加(1)join表示“加入某一党派或社会团体等组织，是里面成员之一” 。可用 be in / be a member of代替

42、。(2) “join in + 名词或动词 ing ”形式，表示“参加正在进行的活动，如谈话、比赛、娱乐等”。(3)take part in 表示 “参加某项活动、 比赛活动或事件， 并在活动中负有责任” 。2.hard /hardly(1)hard意为“努力地”，是副词，用来修饰动词，作状语。(2)hard还可作形容词，意思是“困难的=difficult（反义词 easy）”、 “坚硬的（反义词 soft ）”，作定语、标语、补语等。(3)hardly也是副词，意思是“几乎不”，相当于almost not ，本身含有否定的意思。3.too to / sothat / enough to do

43、(1)too + 形容词或副词（原形） + to do表示“太而不能”。(2) 形容词或副词（原形） + enough to do表示“够可以”。(3) “so + 形容词或副词（原形） + that + 句子”表示“如此以致”，that引导结果状语从句。4.so that / suchthat ：如此以致(1)so + 形容词或副词（原形） + that(2)such + 形容词 + 名词 + that(3)such + a/an + 形容词 + 名词 + that=so + 形容词 + a/an + 名词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -

44、 -第 11 页，共 25 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思(4)so + many/much/few/little（少） + 名词 + that他年纪太小，不能去上学。He is _ young _ go to school .He is _ young _ he cant go to school .He isn t _ _ to go to school .5.when / while / as(1)when“当时候”，引导时间状语从句，主句、从句的动作同时或先后发生，从句谓语动词可用延续性动词，也可用终止性动词，时态用一般过去时或一般现在时。(2)while“当时候”，主句、从

45、句动作同时发生，用延续性动词，从句时态是进行时态。(3)as 不指先后，而指同时发生，常译为“一边一边”。练习一、单项选择1.Did you go _ last Sunday ? A.somewhere B.anywhere C.something D.somebody2.I was _ excited _ say a word when I heard the news . A.too,to B.enough,to C.so, to D.very,to3.Wang Ling _ the first prize in the 100-meter race . A.had B.won C.rec

46、eived D.made4.Tom _ the sports club last autumn . A.joined B.took part in C.took D.got5.When _ you get up this morning ? A.do B.does C.did D.doing6.Is there _ in todays newspaper ? A.something new B.new anything C.new something D.anything new7.The woman stopped _ a look , but she saw nothing . A.hav

47、ing B.to have C.had D.has8.She is going to help _ aunt _ her work . A.she,for B.her,with C.hers,with D.her,to9._ the teacher came in , all the students were writing . A.Where B.When C.While D.As10.This book is _ for students to read . A.easy enough B.easily enough C.enough easy D.enough easily二、句型转换

48、，一空一词。1.The suitcase is very heavy . I cant carry it .（合并成一句） The suitcase is _ heavy _ I cant carry it .精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 25 页读书之法 ,在循序而渐进 ,熟读而精思2.He has hardly any money left .（反意疑问句） He has hardly any money left , _ _ ?3.Bruce hicupped for two months .（提问） _ _

49、did Bruce hicup ?4.Tony was born in 1997 .（提问） _ _ Tony born ?5. 我们每天锻炼来保持健康。（完成句子）We exercise every day to _ _ .Units11-12一、短语1.do the dishes_ 2.make the bed_ 3.干家务，处理琐事_4.do the launch_ 5.照看，照顾 _ 6. 靠近，接近_7.not at all_ 8.think about_ 9.take out_二、重点句子1.Can I ask you some questions ?2.Could I pleas

50、e use your computer ?3.I m going to work _ it now .4.I hate to do chores .5.Could I invite my friends to a party ? invite sb to + 地点：“邀请某人到某地或参加某项活动”。 invite sb to do sth：“邀请某人做某事”。6.What do you think is the most boring TV show ?7.He danced without music .Without 是介词，是 with 的反义，表示“没有，无，不”的含义，其后跟名词、代