【高分指导】2015中考(人教版)英语复习+第一部分+第1讲+名词课件(共45张PPT) (2).ppt
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1、第一部分语法知识盘点第1讲 名词可数名词不可数名词一、将下列名词归类noodle, chalk, bread, pie, weather, pen, second, parent,newspaper, water, meat, factory, present, gold, computer, furniture,lemonade, friend, person, advice, promise, Englishnoodle, pie, pen, second, parent, newspaper, factory,present, computer, friend, person, prom
2、isechalk, bread, weather, water, meat, gold, furniture,lemonade, advice, English二、写出下列名词的复数形式1规则变化classmate_cup_wife_thief_watch_party_leaf_box_minute_mirror_family_factory_photo_hero_knife_piano_city _half_glass_match_potato_baby_key_brush_mouth_bus _minuteshalvesclassmatesmirrorsglassescupsfamilie
3、smatcheswivesfactoriespotatoesthievesphotosbabieswatchesheroeskeyspartiesknivesbrushesleavespianosmouthsboxescitiesbuses2不规则变化goose_woman_sheep_foot_deer_man_people_child_tooth_mouse _menpeopleteethdeergeesewomensheepchildrenfeetmice三、短语翻译1.我妈妈的生日_2.教师节_3.李明的卧室_4.爸爸和妈妈的房间_5.三个小时的车程_6.一幅中国地图_7.我的一个朋友
4、_8.这只小猫的名字_my mothers birthdayTeachers DayLi Mings bedroomMom and Dads roomthree hours drivea map of Chinaa friend of minethe name of the cat年份考点题型2014名词所有格(Womens)词义辨析(bird, heart)词语的用法(restaurant)单项填空 28完形填空 51, 54短文填空 762013名词单复数(chicken)词义辨析(coach, biscuits)词语的用法(June, river/water)单项填空 28完形填空 46
5、, 51短文填空 71, 742012名词单复数(sheep)词义辨析(restaurant, trouble)词语的用法(homework/schoolwork/work)单项填空 28完形填空 49, 51短文填空 73再现中考名词单复数题1(2013 年广东)Mum, Ive heard that we cant eat_ these days.Is it true?Take it easy.It is safe to eat cooked meat.AchickenCa chickenBchickensDthe chicken点拨选A。句意:“妈妈,我听说这些天我们不能吃鸡肉。是真的吗
6、?”“放轻松。吃煮熟的肉是安全的。”chicken表示“鸡肉”,是不可数名词,故选A。题2(2012 年广东)The students of Grade 7 visited Mikesfarm and saw many _ there.A birdCsheepBduckDrabbit点拨选C。根据句意“在农场看见许多的”可知用复数,sheep 的单复数形式一样,故选C。名词所有格题(2014 年广东)Katherine was excited to receive a dozenof roses from her husband on _ Day.AWomanCWomansBWomenDWom
7、ens点拨选D。由语境可判断此处应用名词所有格表示“妇女节”,故选 D。词义辨析题 1(2013 年广东 )Tom brought a box of biscuits to asummer camp.He ate a few and placed the rest under his bed.Afterlunch, he found the box was gone.He went to tell his camp _46_about it.“That would only make him hate you.I want you to write toyour mother and ask
8、for more _51_.”46A.cookBdoctorCcoachDcleaner51A.giftsBbiscuits CcandiesDtoys点拨46.选C。分析语境可知,在夏令营发现饼干不见了,应该告诉“教练”,故选 C。51选B。由上文可知是“饼干”,故选 B。题2(2012 年梅州)At the bottom of the _48_, there wasa notice that said, “If you do not see the dish you need on this menu,please tell us and we will add it to the men
9、u right away.”48A.menuCrestaurantBdishDtable点拨选A。根据后文“If you do not see the dish you need onthis menu.”判断,可知是“菜单”,故选A。词语的用法题1(2014 年广东 )Later, I worked in a small _76_ ,serving the guests, cleaning up the tables, washing the dishes andsweeping the floors.点拨填 restaurant。根据“serving the guests, cleanin
10、g up thetables, washing the dishes and sweeping the floors”可知是在“饭店”,故填 restaurant。题2(2013 年广东)They were very sad and then threw riceinto the _74_ to feed the fishes so that they would stay awayfrom his body. 点拨 填river/water 。 根据 “to feed the fishes so that theywould stay away from his body”可知,应填与水有关
11、的词。故填river 或water。可数名词1.可数名词通常是个体名词和集体名词,可以计数,如:treetreesfamilyfamilieschildchildrenclassclasses2.可数名词由单数形式变为复数形式,其构成方法分为规则的和不规则的两种。情况例词一般名词直接加-sgirlgirls bookbooks bagbags以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾的词加-esbusbuses boxboxeswatchwatches以“辅音字母y”结尾的名词,变 y 为 i 再加-escitycities familyfamiliesfactoryfactories以“元音字母y”
12、结尾的名词,直接加-sdaydays keykeys boyboys以 o 结尾的名词有生命的加-esheroheroes tomatotomatoespotatopotatoes无生命的加-sphotophotos zoozoosradioradios以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词, 多数变 f或 fe 为 v,再加-esknifeknives leafleaveslifelives(1)规则变化(以o 结尾的名词变复数)加-s:小马虎弹着钢琴 (piano) 听着收音机 (radio),又到动物园 (zoo) 和袋鼠 (kangaroo) 照相 (photo),最后考试得了个大鸭蛋 (零分)
13、 (zero)。加-es:黑人 (Negro) 英雄 (hero) 喜欢吃西红柿 (tomato)和土豆 (potato)。(以f 或fe 结尾的名词变复数)树叶 (leaf) 半数 (half) 自己 (self) 黄,妻子 (wife) 拿刀(knife) 上山冈,架 (shelf) 后窜出一只狼 (wolf) ,好像强盗 (thief) 逃命(life) 忙。注意:有少数以f 或fe 结尾的名词变成复数形式时,只加-s,如:roofs, gulfs, chiefs 等。但是,handkerchief/scarf 的复数形式可以是 handkerchiefs/scarfs , 也可以是ha
14、ndkerchieves/scarves。改变字母变复数manmen womanwomenpolicewomanpolicewomenfishermanfishermen footfeettoothteeth goosegeesemousemice childchildren表示“某国人”的名词单数变复数单复数同形Chinese (中国人), Japanese (日本人), Swiss (瑞士人)英国/法国人改 a 为 eEnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmen其他以-an, -ian 结尾的各国人直接加-sAmerican(s), German(s),Ru
15、ssian(s), Australian(s), Indian(s),Korean(s)(2)不规则变化(需记忆)特殊的复数形式有些名词通常只以复数形式出现,用作主语时谓语动词用复数trousers, pants, shorts, socks,glasses (眼镜), clothes, goods,scissors, chopsticks有些名词单复数同形sheep, deer, people, means, fish集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数police, people, class, family,team, group, cattle由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时,通常只需
16、将后面这个名词变复数。但是,由 man, woman 作前置定语构成的复合名词变复数时,man 或 woman 与后面的名词都要变复数two apple trees, shoe shops, tenboy students, girl friends, twinsisterstwo men teachers,some women doctors(续表)(3) 有些名词虽以 s 结尾,却并不是复数形式。某些学科的名称。 如:maths ( 数学), politics ( 政治),physics (物理), economics (经济学)。某些活动的名称。 如:politics (政治活动), a
17、thletics (体育活动)。某些国家或组织的名称。如:the United States (美国), theUnited Nations (联合国)。以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名,也可视为单数。如:The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.天方夜谭是一本很有趣的故事书。news 为不可数名词,是单数。如:Good news spreads fast.好消息传得快。注意:(1)集体名词强调每一个个体成员时,是复数概念,作主语时谓语动词用复数;如果强调整个团体,则视为单数概念,作主语时谓语动词用单数。但 furnitur
18、e, equipment, clothing一类的集体名词是不可数名词,作主语时谓语动词用单数。(2)有些名词的单复数形式表示的意义不同。如:some people 一些two fish 两条鱼two fishes 两种鱼类人some peoples 一些民族男女孩子的脚踩住老鼠的牙 manmen, womanwomen,childchildren, footfeet, mousemice, toothteeth;单复数同形的可数名词:中日鱼鹿羊,即 Chinese (中国人),Japanese (日本人), fish (鱼), deer (鹿), sheep (绵羊);各国人变复数: 中日不
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