2017年度全国硕士分析研究生招生考试英语一试题和规范标准答案.doc

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1、|2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answermay be a resounding yes! _1_ helping you feel close and _2_to people

2、 you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _3_ of healthbenefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might evenhelp you _4_ getting sick this winter.In a recent study _5_ over 400 healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University inPennsylvania examined the eff

3、ects of perceived social support and the receiptof hugs _6_ the participants susceptibility to developing the common coldafter being _7_ to the virus. People who perceived greater social supportwere less likely to come _8_ with a cold, and the researchers _9_ thatthe stress-reducing effects of huggi

4、ng _10_ about 32 percent of thatbeneficial effect. _11_ among those who got a cold, theones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs hadless severe _12_.Hugging protects people who are under stress fromthe _13_ risk for colds thats usually _14_ with stress, notesSheldon Cohen,

5、 a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging is a markerof intimacy and helps _15_ the feeling that others are there to help _16_difficulty.Some experts _17_ the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often calledthe bonding hormone _18_ it promotes attachm

6、ent inrelationships, including that between mothersand their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower partof the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it_19_ in the brain, where it _20_ mood, behavior and physiology.1. ABesides BUnlike CThroughout

7、 DDespite2. Aequal Brestricted Cconnected Dinferior3. Aview Bhost Clesson Dchoice4. Aavoid Bforget Crecall Dkeep5. Acollecting Baffecting Cguiding Dinvolving6. Aon Bin Cat Dof7.Adevoted Battracted Clost Dexposed8. Aalong Bacross Cdown Dout9. Aimagined Bdenied Cdoubted Dcalculated10. Aserved Brestore

8、d Cexplained Drequired11. AThus BStill CRathe DEven12. Adefeats Bsymptoms Cerrors Dtests13. Ahighlighted Bincreased Ccontrolled Dminimized14. Apresented Bequipped Cassociated Dcompared15. Aassess Bgenerate Cmoderate Drecord16. Ain the name of B in the form of C in the face of D in the way of17. Aatt

9、ribute Bcommit Ctransfer Dreturn18. Aunless Bbecause Cthough Duntil19. Aremains Bemerges Cvanishes Ddecreases20. Aexperiences Bcombines Cjustifies DinfluencesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.

10、 Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1First two hours, now three hours this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate t

11、ime-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downed over the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines publi

12、c support for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons both fake and real past airp

13、ort security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicagos OHare International. It is not yet clear how much more effective ai

14、rline security has become but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another fac

15、tor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is

16、supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers who are higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not got

17、ten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreChecks fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look

18、 into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21. The crash of E

19、gyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to_.A explain Americans tolerance of current security checks.B stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.C highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.D emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22. Which of the following contributes to lon

20、g waits at major airports?A New restrictions on carry-on bags.B The declining efficiency of the TSA.C An increase in the number of travellers.D Frequent unexpected secret checks.23. The word “expedited” (Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to_.A quieter.B cheaper.C wider.D faster.24. One problem

21、with the PreCheck program is_.A a dramatic reduction of its scale.B its wrongly-directed implementation.C the governments reluctance to back it.D an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best for the text?A Less Screening for More SafetyB PreCheck a Belated Soluti

22、onC Getting Stuck in Security LinesD Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,” wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today

23、. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Isl

24、ands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mau

25、na Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerne

26、ss to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past； it is a living culture under

27、going a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble

28、 all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to k

29、now ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Ke

30、a, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates_.A her conservative

31、 view on the historical role of astronomy.B the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.Cthe regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to_.A its geographical features.B

32、 its protective surroundings.C its religious implications.D its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because_.A it may risk ruining their intellectual life.B it reminds them of a humiliating history.C their culture will lose a chance of revival.D t

33、hey fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy_.A is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.C may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.D will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.3

34、0. The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of_.A severe criticism.B passive acceptance.C slight hesitancy.D full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a countrys GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.” With Britain voting to leave th

35、e European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and mis

36、ses things that do. By most recent measures, the UKs GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their countrys e

37、conomic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its c

38、itizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consiste

39、nt themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isnt the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvemen

40、ts across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a countrys success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most c

41、ommon method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longer enough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes all things that contribute to a persons sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world

42、and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is

43、 cited because he_.Apraised the UK for its GDP.Bidentified GDP with happiness.Cmisinterpreted the role of GDP.Dhad a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that_.Athe UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.Bthe UK will contribute less to the world economy.CGDP as the meas

44、ure of success is widely defied in the UK.Dpolicymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?AIt excludes GDP as an indicator.BIt is sponsored by 163 countries.CIts criteria are questionable.DIts results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that_