土木项目工程外文翻译.doc

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1、论高层剪力墙建筑施工中的技术管理要点引言 在高层剪力墙建筑的施工中，技术管理是施工管理过程中的重要环节，施工中的质量、本钱、平安、进度均与技术管理严密相连。因而，只要搞好技术管理，才干控制高层剪力墙建筑施工的技术要点。本文就高层剪力墙建筑施工中的技术管理要点作一引见。施工管理目的确实定普通状况下，建筑工程施工管理的目的主要表如今以下几个方面： 设计图纸中呈现的问题必需提早处理，以免影响建筑工程的正常施工。分局部项工程必需事前停止细致的、有针对性的技术平安交底。施工计划的编制要科学、适用、经济，并停止动态管理，以利于及时优化。技术档案材料要搜集齐全，整理划一，做到与工程同步。积极推行和应用新技术

2、、新工艺、新资料，使其成为降低工程本钱的手腕。为完成目的而制定的管理措施图纸会审、设计变卦的签定检查施工图时，要从以下几方面人手：先检查建筑施工图，初步理解工程的概略、工程作法、功用和门窗的详细位置。复核建筑尺寸、标高等。再检查构造图，校核尺寸、标高，并思索配筋能否合理。将建施图与结施图对照校核。在检查图的同时要思索细部的施工计划。及时同设计人员沟通。在井泓房地产高层住宅楼的施工中，施工单位在图纸中共发现问题8O余处，并及时纠正了错误，防止了许多不用要的经济损失。技术交底要精确到位分局部项工程技术交底的内容要细致，特别是关键部位的处置措施、施工留意事项、工程质量请求等均要写分明。做好与工长、劳

3、务队班长的沟通、交流工作，确保交底内容精确无误。施工计划的选择和优化施工计划的正确与否直接关系到工程的施工进度、质量和工程本钱的上下，因此施工计划确实定与选择就成为技术管理的重点。要精确肯定高层建筑的施工计划，必需对工程的周边环境、施工进度、质量规范等停止全方位的理解，并在施工过程中不时地总结经历，勤考虑、善打破，多构思几套施工计划，加以比拟，优化施行。在井泓高层住宅楼施工中，主要思索了以下几项细部计划。土方开挖计划的选择依据工程的特性和周边环境的状况，施工单位分层选用了大小发掘机停止开挖，桩顶土1 m厚约5 000 m ，用大的履带式反铲机开挖；桩间土约4 751 m ，比拟规整，采用小反铲

4、发掘机配合人工挖土，这样相比，单纯的人工挖土能够进步工效；依据详细状况，分别肯定了开挖方向，行车道路；劳务队应用了CFG桩的布置方位，特制了的挖斗，到达了进步工效的目的。理论证明，该工程采用了上述计划后，开挖土方，破桩1 201根(约166 m )，工期共计9 d，投入机械台班31个，劳力405个工日，而预算需投入机械台班41个，劳力996个工日，节约工程本钱约2O3万元。 转料平台搭设计划高层建筑的转料平台是应用频率最高的施工部位，转料平台的结实性和便当性直接关系到工程能否按工期顺利停止。经研讨，该工程否认了应用简易钢管扣件搭设挑架式转料平台的计划，而是采用两根号槽钢作主梁，8号槽钢作次梁，

5、间距1 m，伸人室内15 m，主梁端部和中部用16号钢丝绳斜向上拉固定，上铺竹架板，四周焊栏杆围护的特制转料平台，并细致地停止了位置的布置，全方位地满足了施工需求，节约了本钱，起到了双赢的成效。模板计划的选定该工程为全剪力墙构造，平面设计以伸缩缝为界，对称布置，每层剪力墙面积3 600 1TI 。鉴于这种状况，思索采用大钢模系统。这样做，在工期和施工本钱的降低上均优于小钢模系统和竹胶模板系统。因而，该工程决议采取大钢模系统，采用传统的型钢背楞与6 mm厚的钢板板面焊接而成。该工程在装置模板时，又在细部采取了相应的技术措施，如设置伸缩缝、为确保墙体的截面尺寸采取措施等。伸缩缝的设置：该工程伸缩缝

6、宽30 cm，长4 1TI，采用聚苯板替代模板，共需聚苯板235 1TI 。为理解决操作不便的问题，采取穿墙螺栓用两边均为丝扣衔接螺杆，预先将螺杆焊在垫片，再将垫片焊在伸缩缝处装置的大模板纵肋上并固定，待墙体内外模板吊装就位后，再将螺杆从里侧穿人并加固。拆模时，松动里侧螺帽，旋转拆出螺杆，既便当又省力。为确保墙体的截面尺寸采取的措施：在暗柱箍筋上或墙体程度筋上点焊 12 mm的钢筋，钢筋长度比墙厚小2 mm，其布置办法为：竖向根部距空中1520 cm处(即第一道箍筋处)，顶部位于最顶一道箍筋处，每块大模板程度方向只需焊接3根既两端与中间部位)。这样，经过加固确保了剪力墙的几何尺寸。档案材料的搜

7、集与整理材料的搜集主要从以下几方面着手：熟习材料，整理目录。填写要认真细致、内容齐全。搜集工作要及时精确，并附有必要的书面通知。“保证材料”局部要控制好所代表的批量和运用部位并填写正确。要树立好材料搜集台帐，便于查找和运用。为业主和监理单位送达的材料应请求承受人签收，以防事后对方不予认可。在材料的整理过程中，若没有相应的规则表格，则应有合适本工程的材料方式。作为施工企业现场技术管理的重点内容，施工现场签证要有相应的方式、办法和技巧。 依据以往的经历和山西建筑市场的现状，现场签证应留意以下几方面的问题：要熟习和控制本工程的合同、标准、定额和施工图纸。在办理签证前，要先经过造价的计算，准备好实践签

8、证时造价的计取方式。若定额中没有相应子目的局部，要签定定包价，以防为日后的完工结算留下后患。签证量较大时，或触及到造价调整较大的签证，要化整为零，考究签定的艺术性。对管理不标准的建立单位拒不签认的状况下，应树立文件的送达台帐，并采用坦率的方式想方法处理。作为施工现场的技术人员，要全面理解签证双方的状况。关于因设计缘由和业主缘由形成的返工项目，要在事前或规则的时间内停止签证，若对方拒不签认，要及时停工并将施工的项目和部位应用图片等方式记载下来，以备后用。关于施工签证的办理，施工企业的技术人员、预结算人员、工长要结合停止办理，避免丢漏和无法计价等状况的发作。积极推行和应用新技术、新工艺、新资料在高

9、层建筑的施工过程中，积极地推行和应用新技术、新工艺、新资料显得特别重要。在井泓高层住宅楼施工中，主要运用了以下几项新措施：关于冷扎扭钢筋、电渣压力焊、竹胶模等，应纯熟控制技术要领，并理解其质量预控的重要环节，即要认真、细致地停止技术交底，使工人明白技术要点、工艺规范和质量规范，为工程各项指标的顺利完成奠定良好的根底。关于新技术、新工艺等的应用，要提早细致查看和研讨该方面的材料，并分离工程的详细状况，纯熟控制操作要领和施工中的留意事项，并对现场施工人员停止细致的交底和恰当的培训。如在外墙保温板上抹灰，常见的质量通病是外表龟裂。为了预防这一质量通病，采用泥砂浆EC抗裂剂及聚合物砂浆，既改良了外墙聚

10、苯板保温层的抹灰工艺，又降低了施工工程的本钱。外墙聚苯板保温层的抹灰工艺为：将钢丝网架聚苯板与基层固定结实(阴、阳角处及聚苯板接缝处必需加钢丝网)。保温板上刷一层界面处置剂。厚的1：3水泥砂浆打底(水泥砂浆内掺抗裂剂)。厚的1：3水泥砂浆找平(水泥砂浆内掺抗裂剂)。厚的聚合物抗裂砂浆，外表夹一层玻璃网格布，压实赶光(玻璃网格布为耐碱性)。喷涂外墙涂料。结语在高层建筑施工中，一定要纯熟控制施工技术管理要点。只要控制好各种管理要点，才干控制了施工的主线。此外，还要应用新技术、新工艺、新资料，控制高层剪力墙建筑的垂直度、剪力墙的平整度以及外墙裂痕等技术控制难点，节约资金投入，降低工程本钱，为企业取得

11、更大的经济效益。On the main points of the technical management of the high-rise shear wall construction Introduction In the construction of high-rise shear wall buildings, technology management is an important link in the process of construction management, construction quality, capital, peace,progress and

12、technology management closely connected. Thus, as long as do a good job intechnology management, ability to control the high-rise shear wall construction techniques. In this paper, the points of the technical management of high-rise shear wall construction fora introductions. The purpose of construc

13、tion management is indeed given the ordinary situation, the main purpose of building construction management table now the following aspects: The issues presented in the design drawings necessary for early treatment, so as not to affect the normal construction of the building works. Branch of the Mi

14、nistry of works necessary prior to stop detailed, targeted technology safelytell smb. What ones real intentions are. The preparation of construction plans science, applicable to, economic, and stop thedynamic management, in order to facilitate timely optimization. Technical archival material to coll

15、ect complete and collate a uniform, to achievesynchronization with the project. Implementation and application of new technologies, new processes, new information, making it the wrist to reduce project capital. Developed for the completion of the purpose and management measures. Drawings reviewing t

16、he design changed their mind and signed a check on the construction plans,staffing, from the following aspects: First check the construction plans, preliminary understanding of the detailed position of thebroad engineering, engineering practice, the function of windows and doors. Review of building

17、size, elevation, and so on. And then check the structural map, checking the size, elevation, and thinking can reasonably reinforcement. Built facilities map and statement Shi Figure control check. Check the map at the same time to think about the detailed construction plans. Timely communication wit

18、h the designers. Well Hung real estate high-rise residential building construction, the construction unit in thedrawings the Chinese Communists find I 8O at the problem, and promptly corrected theerror, to prevent economic losses do not want to. Technical tests to accurately place the contents of th

19、e technical disclosure of the Branch ofthe Ministry of project to be careful, in particular, is a key part of measures to deal with, construction and attention to matters, the quality of the project requests, etc. to write clearly. Good communication with the foreman, labor team squad, exchange, ens

20、ure precise Jiaodicontent. Selection and optimization of the construction plans of construction program is correct or not directly related to the projects construction schedule, quality and engineering capital ofthe upper and lower construction plans indeed given the choice to become the focus oftec

21、hnology management. To be precise affirmation of high-rise building construction plan, it is necessary to stop the all-round understanding of the surrounding environment of theproject, construction progress, quality specifications, and summary of experience in the construction process from time to t

22、ime, to consider diligence, good break, the idea of several sets of construction plans analogy, optimization purposes. Well Hung high-rise residential building construction, mainly thinking about the following detailed plans. Choice of earth excavation plan based on the engineering characteristics a

23、nd surrounding environment conditions, the construction unit stratified selection of the size of the excavationmachine to stop excavation, pile top soil. 1 m thick and 5 000 m, with large crawler backhoemachine excavation; soil between piles of about 4 751 m, unmatched structured, using asmall backh

24、oe excavation machine and in conjunction with excavation, so that compared toa simple artificial excavation I can still improve efficiency; in accordance with detailedconditions, respectively, confirmed the excavation direction, carriageways; application ofCFG pile layout orientation to the labor te

25、am, a special bucket to reach the goal of progressergonomics. Theoretical proof that the project using the above scheme, the excavation of earth, brokenpiles 1 201 (about 166 m), the duration of a total of 9 d, input Jixietaiban 31, 405 labor-days, and the budget required to put the mechanical units

26、Class 41, 996 labor-days, savingabout 2 of the project capital. O3 ten thousand yuan. The transfer material platform turn feeding platform erection of the planned high-rise building construction site of the applied frequency, the transfer material platform of strongand lunch is directly related to t

27、he project can be successfully stopped according toduration. After discussion, the project has denied the application of simple steel fastenerserection pick rack plans to turn the feeding platform, instead of using two No. channelprimary beam, on the 8th channel beam spacing of 1 m, Nobuhito indoor

28、1 .5 m, the mainbeam ends and central pull on the rope inclined to use the 16th fixed, capped with laddersboard, welding railings around the building envelope, the special transfer material platform,and was careful to stop the layout of the location, to meet construction needs, savingcapital, played

29、 a win-win results. The selected template plan the project for the whole shear wall constructed, the expansion joints for the graphic design, are arranged symmetrically on each shear wall area of 3 6001TI. Given this situation, thinking the large steel system. In doing so, the reduction of thedurati

30、on and construction of capital are better than the system of small steel and bamboorubber template system. Thus, the project decided to adopt the system of large steel welded using traditional steelback shocked with a 6 mm thick steel plate surface. Of the project in the device template in detail to

31、 take appropriate technical measures, such as installing expansion joints, and take measures to ensure that the wall section size. The set of joints: the project expansion joint width of 30 cm long. 4 1TI, polystyrene boardreplacement templates, the totaling polystyrene board 235 1TI. Management to

32、solve the problem of the maneuver, taken through the wall bolt convergencescrew are threaded on both sides, pre-welded on the screw gasket, and then the gasketwelding on the expansion joints at the device template longitudinal ribs and fixed,until afterthe hoisting of the wall inside and outside the

33、 template, and then screw from the side to wear and reinforcement. Form removal, loose side of the nut, the rotation demolition of a screw, both lunch and effort. To ensure that the measures taken by the section size of the wall: spot 12 mm in the darkcolumn stirrups on the wall or on the degree of

34、reinforcement steel bar, steel bar length than the wall thickness of 2 mm, arranged that way for: vertical roots from the air 15 20 cm (ie,the first stirrup at), at the top in the top of a stirrup at the direction of each template extentsimply welding 3 only at both ends and middle parts). In this w

35、ay, had been strengthened toensure that the shear wall geometry. Archival material to collect and collate the material collected from the following aspects: Familiar with the material, organize the directory. Please fill out carefully and complete content. Collect timely and accurate, with any neces

36、sary written notice. To ensure that materials to be local control represent the bulk and use of the site and fill out the correct. To establish a good material to collect accounting, easy to find and use. Materials served to owners and supervision units, upon request, to withstand the receipt, in ca

37、se after the other party not recognized. In the finishing process of the material, if there is no corresponding form of rules, there should be appropriate the materials of this project. As the key elements of the on-site technical management of construction enterprises, theconstruction site of a vis

38、a to a corresponding manner, methods and techniques. Based on past experience and the status of the construction market, on-site visa should payattention to the following aspects: Be familiar with and control of the project contract, standard, fixed, and construction drawings. Before the visa, the f

39、irst after the calculation of the cost, ready to practice visa cost dollarsto take. Fixed in the corresponding sub-purpose local, signed a set package price, and to preventfuture trouble for the future completion of settlement. Large amount when the visa, or touch on the cost to adjust the larger vi

40、sa, to bedismembered, elegant artistry signed. Management of non-standard units of the establishment of refusing to sign and acknowledge the situation, establish the service of documents accounting and frank way tothink of ways to deal with. As the construction site of the technical staff, to fully

41、understand the situation of the visa. Rework of project design origins and owners reason to stop a visa in time for the prior orthe rules, if the other party refuses to sign and acknowledge to be shutdown andconstruction projects and parts of pictures documented to preparefor later use. Construction

42、 visa processing, construction and technical personnel of enterprises, pre-settlement staff, foreman to combine to stop processing to avoid the situation of lostleakage and can not be denominated attack. Actively promote the application of new technologies, new techniques, new information inthe cons

43、truction process of high-rise buildings, actively promote and apply new technologies, new processes, new information is particularly important. Well Hung high-rise residential building construction, the main use of the following measures: Cold rolled and twisted bars, electroslag pressure welding, b

44、amboo and plastic mold,should be skillful to control the technical essentials, and understand its an important part ofquality pre-control, that is, to a conscientious and careful to stop the technical tests, to enable workers to understand the techniques of process specificationsand quality specific

45、ations, lay a good foundation for the successful completion of the project indicators. On the application of new technologies, new processes, early and detailed view anddiscuss the aspects of material and Separation Engineering, skillful control of attention inthe operating essentials and constructi

46、on matters, and on-site construction personnel tostop detailed Jiaodi and appropriatetraining. Such as external wall insulation board plaster,common quality defects is the appearance of cracks. In order to prevent this common quality defects, the use of mud mortar EC anti-cracking agent and the poly

47、mer mortar, andimproved the external walls of polystyrene board insulation layer plastering craft, but also reduces the capital of the construction project. External wall polystyrene board insulation layer plastering process as follows: Steel mesh polystyrene board with a fixed and strong grass-root

48、s (Yin, Yang corner andpolystyrene board joints must add steel mesh). The insulation board brush layer interface disposal agent. Thick 1:3 cement mortar base (cement mortar mixed with anti-cracking agent). Thick 1:3 cement mortar (cement mortar mixed anti-cracking agent). Thick polymer cracking mortar, exterior sandwiching a layer of glass mesh, compacted to catch the light (glass mesh alkali resistance). Spraying e