2022年高中英语复合句知识讲解与训练 .pdf

《2022年高中英语复合句知识讲解与训练 .pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年高中英语复合句知识讲解与训练 .pdf（19页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高中英语复合句知识讲解与训练一、名词性从句要点精讲与训练高考重点要求1掌握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构。2弄清名词性从句的连词意义，掌握其用法。3根据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词。名词从句分为：主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句。了解一下它们的属性。如：从句 that they failed the entrance examination在下列4句中做什么成分 . 1)_made all of their parents surprised. 2)They told their parents _. 3)The result is _. 4)The news

2、_surprised their parents. 下列四个句子中均可填入 that they failed the entrance examination这个从句，都成立。从上例不难看出，从本质上讲，这四类句子的属性是相同的，即：都起名词作用，只不过称谓不同 ,在整个句子中担当成分不同而已。纵观历年高考名词从句试题，我们不难发现对复合句的考查重在连词，名词从句也不例外，基本上是针对引导词设题。引导词的分类：1连接代词：what , who ,whom ,whose , which ，whatever, whoever, whichever且这些词在从句中担当主、 宾、表、定语作用。2连接副

3、词：why, when , where, how 在从句中充当时间、地点、原因、方式、程度状语。whether , if 在从句中不充当成分，但整个句式中不可缺少，用以体现事件的不确定性。3that 是名词从句中一个很活跃的词，但它只起连接作用，陈述某一事实，引导宾语从句时某些情况可以省略。针对如下情况，可进行对比：1)_he will come to call on is uncertain . 2)_he will come to call on us is uncertain. 3)_ he will come to call on us makes us unhappy. 从第一句中我

4、们可以看出主语从句本身并不完整，缺少 call on 的宾语，应加who; 第二句中表语为uncertain ,可知主语部分为未知信息，可加入 when, why ,how ,whether 等; 第三句表一种已知事实，应加入 that 。二that ,whether, if 在名词从句中的使用情况1that 在宾从中大多数情况下可以省略，在主、宾、表中不可省去。但注意以下宾从中 that 不可省。I know nothing of him except that he is from Henan.(介词后宾从中的 that不可省) whether ,if 宾语从句中可换用，但在主语从句、表语

5、从句和同位语从句中不可用 if。但注意在宾语从句中不能用 if 的情况：It all depends on whether they will support us. (从句作介词宾语时不可用 if) He doesnt know whether to stay or not. （后直接跟不定式时，不能用 if）Please let me know if you like it.(这句是有双重意思的，如果视为宾语从句，就应换为 whether.否则就引起歧义。三从句的区分1)He tells me his idea _we reduce the cost . 2)We are discussi

6、ng the idea_he came up with yesterday. 第一句中we reduce the cost 应视为是idea 内容的一种说明， 是同位语从句， 而第二句中idea 可视为come up with 的宾语，缺少引导定从的关系代词 that 或which ,当然可以省去关系代词。四分类复习中应注意的问题：1.在主语从句中it 的使用That he will come to the party is certain。表意上并没有错误，但实际上并不太符合用语习惯， 因此采用it 作形式主语，使句式平衡。It is certain that he will come to

7、 the party. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 19 页同样道理，it 也可用作形式宾语。2宾语从句中的情况1）时态的呼应问题。2）特殊句式：动词suggest, insist, demand, order ,request, require等引起的从句需用虚拟句式 主语+should +原形动词,should也可省。He suggested that we should pay a visit to that town.(建议) 但注意：What he said suggested that he had kn

8、own the truth.(表明) 同样，insist He insisted that we do it at once.(坚持要做) He insisted that he had done nothing wrong.(坚持说一种事实) wish 引起从句时从句中时态常转为过去时态。I wish that there were no examinations in school. How he wishes he had worked hard in junior middle school! 3. whatever 与no matter what It is generally co

9、nsidered unwise to give a child _ he or she wantsAwhatever Bno matter what Cwhenever Dno matter when 此题应选A。容易误选B。选项C，D显然是错的，因为句中的 wants缺宾语，而C，D两项不能作宾语。至于 C，D的区别，可这样描述：no matter what只能引导状语从句，而不引导名词性从句。而whatever既可引导名词性从句（anything that），也可引导状语从句（ no matter what）：1引导名词性从句（只用whatever）：无论他做什么都是对的。正：Whatev

10、er he did was right误：No matter what he did was right山羊找到什么就吃什么。正：Goats eat whatever they find误：Goats eat no matter what they find2引导状语从句（两者可换用）：无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。正：Whatever you say，I wont believe you正：No matter what you say，I wont believe you无论发生什么，都要保持镇定。正：Keep calm，whatever happens正：Keep calm，no matt

11、er what happens4. 如何区分引导名词性从句的 what, that I think _ he needs is more practiceYes _ he needs more practice is clearAwhat，What Bthat，That Cwhat，That Dthat， What 此题应选C。其余三项均可能被误选。 What和that都可以引导名词性从句，但有区别：1what引导名词从句时，它在从句中要充当句子成分（主语、宾语等），而 that引导名词从句时，它在从句中不能充当句子成分。2what引导名词从句时，它有词义（表示：什么；所 的东西）；而that

12、引导名词从句时，它没有词义。请做以下试题，注意区别 what和that：1 _ you said is different from the thing _ he told usAWhat，what BThat，that CWhat，that DThat，what 2I think he said is trueBut dont forget the fact _ he is a cheatAwhat，what Bthat，that Cwhat，that Dthat，what 3 _ surprised us most is _ he spoke English so well 精选学习资料

13、- - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 19 页AWhat，what BThat，that CWhat，that DThat，what 答案：1C 2C 3C 5.引导名词从句的whether 与that _ well go camping tomorrow depenps on the weather AIf BWhether CThat DWhen 此题应选B。容易误选A，C。1关于if与whether：两者都可引导宾语从句，常可换用；但若引导主语从句，则用 whether（不用if），排除A。又如：他是否会来还是个问题。误：If he

14、will come is a question正：Whether he will come is a question2关于whether和that：两者都可引导主语从句， 其区别主要应从句意来考虑：whether表示“ 是否” ，由它引导的主语从句的意思通常是不确定的； that引导主语从句时，本身没有词义（ that 在其它名词性从句中也没有词义），但是由 that引导的整个主语从句的意思通常是确定的。试比较：1aThat well hold a meeting is decided我们要召开一次会议，这已决定了。bWhether well hold a meeting is not de

15、cided我们是否要开一个会，这还没有决定。2aThat he has left here is clear他已离开了这儿，这点很清楚。bWhether he has left here is not clear他是否已离开这儿，这还不清楚。3aThat he can finish it in two hours is clearbwhether he can finish it in two hours is a question6.引导名词性从句的 what _ he said at the meeting astonished everyone present AWhat BThe CI

16、f DWhether 此题应选A。选项C（if）显然不能选，因为if通常不能引导主语从句； 选项B（that）和D（whether）虽然都可以引导主语从句，但两者除了意思不合题意外，还有它们在主语从句中都不充当句子成分，而此句中的he said缺宾语。在名词性从句中， what根据情况不同，可能有两方面的用法和意思：1用作连接代词，表示“ 什么” （由疑问词变来）：I dont know what he gave her我不知道他给了她什么。What he will say at the meeting is not known to us他在会上将说些什么，我们还不知道。2表示“ 所的（东西

17、）” ，在结构上相当于一个名词加一个定语从句（所以有人称这样用的 what为关系代词型的what）：把你买的东西拿给我看。 Show me what you bought Show me the thing that you bought这是他想要的东西。 This is what he wantsThis is the thing that he wants我们需要的是钱。What we need is money The thing that we need is money高考题选1. These photographs will show you . (MET89)A. what do

18、es our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. bow our village looks like 2. Can you make sure the gold ring? (MET90) A. where Mice had put B. where had Mice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 3. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _ _? (MET9

19、0) A. won t we B. will we C. don t we D. shall we 4. Don t smoke in the meeting-room, ? (MET91) A. do you B. will you C. can you D. could you 5. -Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? (MET91) -I dont know . A. nor dont I care B. nor do I careC.I dont care neither D.I dont care also 6. On Satu

20、rday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin. (MET91) A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy 7. No one will be sure in a million years. (MET91) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 19 页A. what will man look like B. what man will look like C. man wi

21、ll look like what D. what look will man like 8. He asked for the violin. (NMET92) A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid 9. Be sure to write to us, ? (NMET93) A. will you B. arent you C. can you D. mustnt you 10. it with me and Ill see what I can do. (NMET98

22、) A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 11. youve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. (NMET99 ) A. Now that B. after C. Although D. As soon as 12. -I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. (NMET99) -Is that you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 13.

23、You should make it a rule to leave things you can find them again. (NMET99) A. when B. where C. then D. there 14. Carol said the work would be done by October, personally I doubt very much. (NMET99 ) A. it B. that C. when D. which 15. Well have to finish the job, . (NMET99) A. long it takes however

24、B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. however long it takes 16. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy. (NMET2000) A. who B. which C. this D. what 17. The WTO cannot live up to its name it does not include a country that is hom

25、e to one fifth of mankind. (NMET2000) A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though 18. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, was true. (2001 春招) A. he B. this C. which D. who 19. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter it was? (2001 春招) A. where B. what C. how D. which 2

26、0. at the door before entering please. (2001 春招) A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 21 .The film brought the hours back to me I was taken good care of in that faraway village. (NMET2001 ) A. until B. that C. when D. where 22. A computer can only do you have instructed it to do. A. how B. af

27、ter C. what D. when 23. is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. (NMET2001 ) A. It B. As C. That D. What 24.-I think its going to be a big problem.（2002年春考）-Yes, it could be. -I wonder _we can do about it. A. if B. how C. what D. that 25. The famous basketball star,

28、_tried to make a comeback, attacked a lot of attention. （2002年春考）A. where B. when C. which D. who 强化练习1. Its no longer a question now _ _ man can land on the moon. A. that B. if C. whether D. what 2. he said at the meeting astonished everyone at present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 3.

29、In front of remained of my old house, I took some pictures, which called up my childhood. A. which B. the place C. where D. what 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 19 页4. you can go to college this year depends on you are studying hard now. A. That, that B. Whether, whetherC. If, i

30、f D. Whether, if 5. has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles(车辆)remains a serious problem. A. That B. What C. Though what D. In spite of what 6. Ill tell you he expects will win such and such a match. A. who B. whom C. what D. that 7. I didnt quite f

31、ollow you. What was you just said about the place? A. that B. which C. how D. where 8. Maria has to baby-sit. Thats she can t come out with us. A. when B. how C. why D. what 9. After seemed a very long time, the badly-wounded soldier came back to life. A. that B. it C. which D. what 10. she was chos

32、en monitor made him excited. A. What B. That C. If D. Whether 11. I dont think Jenny can come home this weekend. A. how B. why C. that D. when 12. When I try to find that prevents so many people from taking part in the program, it seems to me that there are two mean causes. A. what it does B. what i

33、t is C. why it does D. why it is 13. You should stick to you have begun until you succeed. A. which B. that C. whatever D. no matter what 14. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 15. is important to a person is he must know what he is fit

34、for. A. It, what B. That, what C. It, that D. What, that 16. Mr. Smith was soon told he found was not important to them all. A. that why B. why that C. what why D. why what 17. Is Mary told you to do when she left it? A. what that B. this what C. what D. what which 18. She wants to know if it is at

35、800 miles an hour the newest plane can go. A. that B. which C. when D. where 19. the Smiths will come or not is she is worrying about. A. What, that B. If, that C. Whether, what D. How, what 20. It was with great courage the boy told the truth he had stolen the money. A. which, that B. when, what C.

36、 as, that D. that, that 21. Do you know _ the peasants make of the fallen fruit? A. what use B. what way C. how D. why 22. It was a matter of would take the position. A. whom. B. whoever C. who D. whomever 23. It was my father. worked I work now. A. where, that B. wherever, whereC. that, where D. th

37、at, that 24. He wrote a letter of thanks to had helped us. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever 25. It was at the beginning Mr. Fox made the decision we should send more firefighters there. A. when, which B. where, whatC. then, so D. that, that 26. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. I got we

38、t through. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 19 页A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Its how D. Theres why 27. is it has made Peter he is today? A. What, that, thatB. That, that, what C. What, what, that D. What, that, what 28. to all that Taiwan is the largest island in China. A. A

39、s is known B. As we knowC. It is known D. What is known 29. is known to all is that the earth is smaller than the sun. A. What B. As , C. It D. Which 30. would like to devote his whole life to his country should go _ there are all kinds of difficulties. A. Who, somewhere B. Whoever, whereC. Whatever

40、, anywhere D. Who, there 答案解析: 1B 如把D项中的like去掉也对。2C make sure可引导宾语从句， 故用陈述语序。主句中的时态可暗示宾语从句应用现在完成时。 表示过去的动作与现在有联系。3D 4B 5B 6A 7B 8D 宾语从句中用陈述语序。9A 10D 该题考查祈使语气的句型结构。 “ 祈使句+and+陈述句” 是一个固定的句型。在这个句型中，前边的祈使句表示一个肯定的条件，答案为 D。11A B项与C项引导的时间状语从句，不合题意； C项意为“ 即使” ，不合题意；A项意为“ 既然” 。所以选A。12A why引导的表语从句中， why做原因状语。

41、13B where引导地点状语从句。其他三项不合题意。14D which引导非限制性定语从句。让不可引导从句；that不可引导非限制性定语从句； when不合题意，which指代前面这件事。15D 句意为：“ 无论需要多久，我们必须完成这项工作 ” ，引导的为让步状语从句。16B which引导非限制性定语从句， which指上句的内容。however这里相当于no matter how。17C if引导条件状语从句。18C which引导非限制性定语从句， which指代前面这件事。19D which引导真正的主语从句，意为 “ 哪一本书” 。20D 祈使句21C 分隔定语从句，先行词为 t

42、he film22C 宾语从句，what既引导宾语从句又作do的宾语。23B as引导非限制性定语从句。24C 题中I wonder 后的宾语从句中缺少宾语 ,而能担此任的只能是what。25。Keys: 1. A 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. B 11.C 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. D 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D 21. A 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. B 二、定语从句要点精讲 与训练定语从句是高考的频现点。复

43、习中应系统的掌握。1关系词的使用复合句是由一个句子或几个从句所构成的句子。从句只能作句子的一个成分，不能独立。定语从句也是这样。2. 引起定语从句的关系词列表：限制性定语从句（修饰人） 作主语用who that 作宾语用who ,that, whom 作定语用whose 既有人，又有物用that （修饰物）作主语或宾语用 which, that 作定语用whose 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 19 页只能用that 的情况1先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰2先行词被all，every，each，any，few， l

44、ittle， no 等词修饰时3先行词是不定代词： all，little，few， anything， nothing 等词修饰时4先行词被the only, the very 等词修饰时先行词既有人又有物介词后只能指whom 表人，which 表物当时间名词代入定语从句中作时间状语时，关系词用 when，或用介词+which 当地点名词代入定语从句中作地点状语时，关系词用 where，或用介词+which 当reason代入定语从句中作原因状语时，关系词用 why,或用for+which 非限制性定语从句修饰人，用who，whom或whose 修饰物，用which而不用that，有时可用as

45、。3. 不要在定语从句中使用与关系代词同义的人称代词This is the book that I have read _ dozens of timesBut I have never read _ Ait，B ，it Cit，it D ，此题应选B。容易误选C。本题第二句填代词it， 这容易理解。而第一句不能填it， 则是考生很容易忽视的。显然第一句中的that I have read dozens of times是修饰the book的定语从句，此句中的动词 read不能再接用it作宾语，因为它已有宾语 that (也可省略)。在做有关定语从句的试题时，考生千万不要在定语从句中重复使用

46、与关系词 (或先行词)指代相同的人称代词：我们昨晚看的电影很精彩。误：The film we saw it last night was wonderful正：The film we saw last night was wonderful刚才同你讲话的那个人是谁？误：Whos the man you just talked to him？正：Whos the man you just talked to？你昨天借给我的书很有趣。误：The book you lent it me yesterday was very interesting正：The book you lent me yest

47、erday was very interesting他就是去年死了妻子的那个人。误：He is the man whose his wife died last year正：He is the man whose wife died last year4. 带有插入语的定语从句中 who 和 whom 的选用关系代词 who/whom 引导的定语从句，担任主语成分时用主格 who，担任宾语成分用宾格 whom ，这点很简单，但有时它们引导的定语从句带有插入语，而该插入语后也不用逗号隔开，因此不易区分它是定语从句中的插入语或是定语从句中的主谓结构；这时就产生用主格 who 还是宾格 whom 这

48、一困难。如：Jason is a man who I believe is honest. 在定语从句 who I believe is honest 中，I believe 是插入语，去掉该插入语剩下的便是 Jason is a man who is honest ，在语法及句意上都能成立， who 是定语从句中动词 is 的主语 ，故用主格，不能用 whom。Jason is a man whom I believe (to be)honest. 在定语从句 whom I believe(to be)honest 中， 如把 I believe 当作插入语而予以删掉的话，剩下的句子结构便成

49、为 Jason is a man whom(to be)honest ，显然不合语法，因而 I believe 不是插入语，而是定语从句中的主谓结构， whom 作 believe 的宾语，故不能用主格形式 who, (to be)honest 是 whom 的宾语补语。5. 是定语从句还是强调句型？1It was in this house _he was born2It was this house _he was born精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 19 页3It was in the house _he us

50、ed to live that the exhibition was heldAwhere Bthat Cwhich Dthere 1 选 B 项，2、3 选 A 项。强调句中强调的是地点状语，表示地点的名词前一定有个介词。且为强调句时，去掉It was that ，调整后句子仍然成立，此时是强调句，故用 that。否则为定语从句，则用 where。6. 是用the one 还是用that/which, where 1Is this school_you study in ? 2Is this the school _you study in ? 3Is this the school _yo