Unit2ThePowerofs汇编大学英语第二版第四册课本学习知识翻译.doc

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1、Unit 2 The Power of WordsThe Power of a NoteOn my first job as sports editor for the Montpelier (Ohio) Leader Enterprise, I didnt get a lot of fan mail, so I was intrigued by a letter that was dropped on my desk one morning. When I opened it, I read: A nice piece of writing on the Tigers. Keep up th

2、e good work. It was signed by Don Wolfe, the sports editor. Because I was a teenager (being paid the grand total of 15 cents a column inch), his words couldnt have been more inspiring. 11 kept the letter in my desk drawer until it got rag-eared. Whenever I doubted I had the right stuff to be a write

3、r, I would reread Dons note and feel confident again. Later, when I got to know him, I learned that Don made a habit of writing a quick, encouraging word to people in all walks of life. When I make others feel good about themselves, he told me, I feel good too. Not surprisingly, he had a body of fri

4、ends as big as nearby Lake Erie. When he died last year at 75, the paper was flooded with calls and letters from people who had been recipients of his spirit-lifting words. Over the years, Ive tried to copy the example of Don and other friends who care enough to write uplifting comments, because I t

5、hink they are on to something important. In a world too often cold and unresponsive, such notes bring warmth and reassurance. We all need a boost from time to time, and a few lines of praise have been known to turn around a day, even a life. Why, then, are there so few upbeat note writers? My guess

6、is that many who shy away from the practice are too self-conscious. Theyre afraid theyll be misunderstood, sound sentimental or insincere. Also, writing takes time; its far easier to pick up the phone. The drawback with phone calls, of course, is that they dont last. A note attaches more importance

7、to our well-wishing. It is a matter of record, and our words can be read more than once, savored and treasured. Even though note writing may take longer, some pretty busy people do it, including George Bush. Some say he owes much of his success in politics to his ever-ready pen. How? Throughout his

8、career he has followed up virtually every contact with a cordial responsea compliment, a line of praise or a nod of thanks. His notes go not only to friends and associates, but to casual acquaintances and total strangerslike the surprised person who got a warm pat on the back for lending Bush an umb

9、rella. Even top corporate managers, who have mostly affected styles of leadership that can be characterized only as tough, cold and aloof, have begun to learn the lesson, and earn the benefits, of writing notes that lift people up. Former Ford chairman Donald Peterson, who is largely credited for tu

10、rning the company round in the 1980s, made it a practice to write positive messages to associates every day. Id just scribble them on a memo pad or the corner of a letter and pass them along, he says. The most important ten minutes of your day are those you spend doing something to boost the people

11、who work for you. Too often, he observed, people we genuinely like have no idea how we feel about them. Too often we think, I havent said anything critical; why do I have to say something positive? We forget that human beings need positive reinforcementin fact, we thrive on it! What does it take to

12、write letters that lift spirits and warm hearts? Only a willingness to express our appreciation. The most successful practitioners include what I call the four Ss of note writing. 1) They are sincere. No one wants false praise. 2) They are usually short. If you cant say what you want to say in three

13、 sentences, youre probably straining 3) They are specific. Complimenting a business colleague by telling him good speech is too vague; great story about Warren Buffets investment strategy is precise. 4) They are spontaneous. This gives them the freshness and enthusiasm that will linger in the reader

14、s mind long afterward. Its difficult to be spontaneous when you have to hunt for letter-writing materials, so I keep paper, envelopes and stamps close at hand, even when I travel. Fancy stationery isnt necessary; its the thought that counts. So, who around you deserves a note of thanks or approval?

15、A neighbor, your librarian, a relative, your mayor, your mate, a teacher, your doctor? You dont need to be poetic. If you need a reason, look for a milestone, the anniversary of a special event you shared, or a birthday or holiday. For the last 25 years, for example, Ive prepared an annual Christmas

16、 letter for long-distance friends, and I often add a handwritten word of thanks or congratulations. Acknowledging some success or good fortune that has happened during the year seems particularly appropriate considering the spirit of the Christmas season. Be generous with your praise. Superlatives l

17、ike greatest, smartest, prettiest make us all feel good. Even if your praise is a little ahead of reality, remember that expectations are often the parents of dreams fulfilled. Today I got a warm, complimentary letter from my old boss and mentor, Norman Vincent Peale. His little note to me was full

18、of uplifting phrases, and it sent me to my typewriter to compose a few overdue letters of my own. I dont know if they will make anybody elses day, but they made mine. As my friend Don Wolfe said, making others feel good about themselves makes me feel good too. 便笺的力量1 我当体育编辑，最早是为蒙比利埃（俄亥俄州）的企业导报工作，当时我

19、很少收到体育迷的来信。因此，一天早晨放在我桌上的一封来信把我吸引住了。2 打开来信，我看到了下面的话：“关于老虎队的述评很不错，再接再厉。”签名的是体育编辑堂沃尔夫。当时我只是一个十几岁的小伙子（为每一竖栏写一英寸文字，稿酬总计达15美分），因此他的话最鼓舞人心了。我把这封信一直放在书桌的抽屉里，后来它的边角都卷起来了。每当我怀疑自己不是当作家的料时，重温一下堂的便笺，就又会树起信心来。3 后来，我逐渐对堂有所了解，知道给各行各业的人写快捷而鼓舞人心的便笺是他养成的习惯。他告诉我说：“当我使别人充满信心时，我也感觉好极了。”4 因此毫不奇怪，他的朋友圈子就像附近的伊利湖那么大。去年他去世了，享

20、年75岁。电话与悼函像潮水般涌向报社，都来自于曾经得到过他激励（文字）的人们。5 多年来，我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友，他们关心别人，常写一些鼓舞人心的话语，因为我觉得，他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷漠、无动于衷的世界上，这种便笺给人们带来了温暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励，大家知道几行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天，甚至一生。6 那么，这些激励人心的便笺的作者为什么寥若晨星呢？我猜想很多人回避写，是因为他们太看重人们的看法。他们担心会被误解，怕别人觉得他们自作多情或者言不由衷。还有，写也要花时间，远不如打电话方便。7 当然打电话的缺点是：说过的话留不住。而一张便笺使我们的良好意愿显得

21、更加珍贵。便笺是白纸黑字记录在案的东西，而且我们写下的字可以反复阅读，细细品味并珍藏起来。8 尽管写便笺会多花一些时间，但一些非常忙的人也在这么做，其中包括乔治布什。有人说，他政治上的成功在很大程度上归功于他那枝随时准备写字的笔。这是怎么回事呢？在他整个职业生涯中，每次与人们接触之后，他几乎都随后写封信，内容亲切一句赞美之辞，一行表扬的话，或一段感谢语。他不仅写给朋友和同事，还写给萍水相逢的人以及完全陌生的人比如那位借伞给他的人，后来收到他热情的赞扬信，感到很惊讶。9 那些通常做作的公司高层经理们，其领导作风只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心，且从中获益匪浅

22、。唐纳德彼得森，福特公司的前主席，把每天写便笺鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在80年代时走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。“我只不过匆匆地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话，然后传递出去，”他说道。“每天最重要的一段时间，就是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。”10 “太多的时候，”他发表自己的看法说，“那些我们真正喜欢的人并不知道我们是怎么看待他们的。太多的时候，我们会以为，我并没有说过什么批评的话，为什么非得去说好话呢？我们忘了，人类需要正面的肯定或鼓励事实上，我们靠这个取得进步，获得成功！”11 怎样才能写出振奋精神、温暖人心的信呢？只要我们怀有要表示感激之情的心愿。写这种便笺的高手都

23、具有我所谓的 “S”技巧。12 ）真诚 (sincere)。没人要听虚假的赞美。13 ）简短 (short)。如果不能用三句话表达出你的意思，你很可能过火了，写得太长。14 ）具体 (specific)。赞扬一位业务伙伴 “演讲精彩”太笼统含糊；告诉他“关于沃伦巴菲特的投资策略讲得很精彩”才是一语中的。15 ）自然 (spontaneous)。这使得便笺充满了生气，洋溢着热情，并使读者的心灵长久地感受这种生气和热情。16 当你非得到处找写信用品时，写出来的东西就难以自然，因此我总是把纸、信封和邮票放在手边，甚至在旅行时也是如此。信封信笺不需要很花哨，重要的是要表达的思想。17 那么，你周围又有

24、谁值得你写便笺表示感谢或鼓励呢？一位邻居？为你服务的那位图书馆管理员？一位亲戚？你的市长？你的伙伴？一位教师？你的医生？你不必富有诗意。如果你需要一个写的理由，就找一个生活中的重要事件，例如你们共同参加的某个特殊事件的周年纪念日、生日或者节日。例如，过去的25年里，我总是为远方的朋友每年准备一张圣诞卡，而且常常在上面亲笔写上一句感谢或祝贺的话。鉴于圣诞节的氛围，就一年来所取得的成功与得到的好运特意表示谢忱似乎是最恰到好处的。18 不要吝啬你的赞美之言。像“最了不起的”、“最聪明的”、“最漂亮的”这种最高级的表达法使大家都感到高兴。即使你的赞美之词稍稍超前了一点也没关系，记住，梦想的实现往往孕育

25、于期望之中。19 今天，我收到了以前的老板和精神导师诺曼文森特皮尔的一封温暖的赞扬信。这张小小的便笺上满是鼓舞人心的词句，这促使我坐到了打字机前来完成几封我早就该写的信。我不知道这些信会不会使别人的一天别有意义，但是，对我自己确实如此。正如我的朋友堂沃尔夫所说的：使别人充满信心，也就使我自己感觉很好。All the Good ThingsHe was in the first third-grade class I taught at Saint Marys School in Morris, Minnesota. All 34 of my students were dear to me,

26、but Mark Eklund was one in a million. Very neat in appearance, he had that happy-to-be-alive attitude that made even his occasional mischievousness delightful. Mark also talked incessantly. I had to remind him again and again that talking without permission was not acceptable. What impressed me so m

27、uch, though, was his sincere response every time I had to correct him for misbehaving. Thank you for correcting me, Sister! I didnt know what to make of it at first, but before long I became accustomed to hearing it many times a day. One morning my patience was growing thin when Mark talked once too

28、 often, and then I made a novice-teachers mistake. I looked at Mark and said, If you say one more word, I am going to tape your mouth shut! It wasnt ten seconds later when Chuck blurted out, Mark is talking again. I hadnt asked any of the students to help me watch Mark, but since I had stated the pu

29、nishment in front of the class, I had to act on it. I remember the scene as if it had occurred this morning. I walked to my desk, very deliberately opened the drawer and took out a roll of masking tape. Without saying a word, I proceeded to Marks desk, tore off two pieces of tape and made a big X wi

30、th them over his mouth. I then returned to the front of the room. As I glanced at Mark to see how he was doing, he winked at me. That did it! I started laughing. The entire class cheered as I walked back to Marks desk, removed the tape, and shrugged my shoulders. His first words were, Thank you for

31、correcting me, Sister. At the end of the year I was asked to teach junior-high math. The years flew by, and before I knew it Mark was in my classroom again. He was more handsome than ever and just as polite. Since he had to listen carefully to my instructions in the new math, he did not talk as much

32、 in the ninth grade as he had in the third. One Friday, things just didnt feel right. We had worked hard on a new concept all week, and I sensed that the students were growing frustrated with themselvesand edgy with one another. I had to change the mood of the class before it got out of hand. So I a

33、sked them to list the names of the other students in the room on two sheets of paper, leaving a space between each name. Then I told them to think of the nicest thing they could say about each of their classmates and write it down. It took the remainder of the class period to finish the assignment,

34、but as the students left the room, each one handed me the papers. Charlie smiled. Mark said, Thank you for teaching me, Sister. Have a good weekend. That Saturday, I wrote down the name of each student on a separate sheet of paper, and I listed what everyone else had said about that individual. On M

35、onday I gave each student his or her list. Some of them ran two pages. Before long, the entire class was smiling. Really? I heard whispered. I never knew that meant anything to anyone! I didnt know others liked me so much! No one ever mentioned those papers in class again. I never knew if they discu

36、ssed them after class or with their parents. But it didnt matter. The exercise had accomplished its purpose. The students were happy with themselves and one another again. That group of students moved on. Several years later, after I returned from a vacation, my parents met me at the airport. As we

37、were driving home, Mother asked the usual questions about the trip, the weather, my experiences in general. There was a slight lull in the conversation. Mother gave Dad a sideways glance and simply said, Dad? My father cleared his throat as he usually did before saying something important. The Eklun

38、ds called last night, he began. Really? I said. I havent heard from them for several years. I wonder how Mark is. Dad responded quietly. Mark was killed in Vietnam, he said. The funeral is tomorrow, and his parents would like it if you could attend. To this day I can still point to the exact spot on

39、 I-494 where Dad told me about Mark. I had never seen a serviceman in a military coffin before. Mark looked so handsome, so mature. All I could think at that moment was, Mark, I would give all the masking tape in the world if only you could talk to me. After the funeral, most of Marks former classma

40、tes headed to Chucks farmhouse for lunch. Marks mother and father were there, obviously waiting for me. We want to show you something, his father said, taking a wallet out of his pocket. They found this on Mark when he was killed. We thought you might recognize it. Opening the billfold, he carefully

41、 removed two worn pieces of notebook paper that had obviously been taped, folded and refolded many times. I knew without looking that the papers were the ones on which I had listed all the good things each of Marks classmates had said about him. Thank you so much for doing that, Marks mother said. A

42、s you can see, Mark treasured it. Marks classmates started to gather around us. Charlie smiled rather sheepishly and said, I still have my list. Its in the top drawer of my desk at home. Chucks wife said, Chuck asked me to put his in our wedding album. I have mine too, Marilyn said. Its in my diary.

43、 Then Vicki, another classmate, reached into her pocket-book, took out her wallet and showed her worn and ragged list to the group. I carry this with me at all times, Vicki said without hesitation. I think we all saved our lists. Thats when I finally sat down and cried. I cried for Mark and for all

44、his friends who would never see him again. 美言尽在其中1我当时在明尼苏达州莫里斯市的圣玛丽学校任教，马克埃克隆是我教的三年级一班的学生。全班34个学生都和我很亲密，但马克确是百里挑一。他衣冠整洁，一副乐天派的样子，即便偶尔调皮一下，也显得那么可爱。2马克上课时还会说个不停。我只得一次次提醒他，未经允许讲话是不可以的。然而，每次我不得不纠正他的捣乱行为时，他的反应总是那么真诚，这给我留下了深刻的印象。“谢谢您纠正我的行为，好老师!”起初我不明白他的话到底什么意思，可是不久我就习惯了，每天都听他这么说好多遍。3一天上午，当马克又在不停地说话时，我没了耐心

45、，而且犯了一个见习教师常犯的错误。我看着马克说道：“如果你再说一个字，我就用胶带把你的嘴封住!”4不到十秒钟就听见查克突然嚷起来：“马克又说话了。”我并没有让任何学生帮我看着马克，可是既然我已经在全班面前讲了我的惩罚办法，就要说到做到。5我还记得那时的情景，就好像是今天上午才发生的。我当时走到自己的桌前，不慌不忙地拉开抽屉，拿出一卷遮蔽胶带，接着一言不发地走到马克桌前，撕下两条胶带，在他的嘴上贴成一个大大的叉。然后我又回到教室的前面。6当我瞥了马克一眼想看看他的反应时，他对我眨了眨眼。他得逞了!我笑了起来。我回到马克的桌旁，撕掉了贴在他嘴上的胶带，无可奈何地耸了耸肩，这时全班都欢呼起来。撕掉胶

46、带后他说的第一句话是：“谢谢您纠正我的行为，好老师。”7那年年底的时候我被安排去教初中数学。时光飞逝，不知不觉中马克又坐在了我的教室里。他比过去更英俊了，而且还是那么彬彬有礼。因为不得不仔细听我讲解“新数学”，九年级的马克不再像在三年级时那么爱讲话了。8有个星期五，情况使人感到有点不对头。整整一周我们都在学习一个新概念。我感觉到学生们开始泄气了，而且彼此之间变得急躁易怒。我得改变一下班级的气氛以免情况失控。于是我让他们把班上其他同学的名字列在两张纸上，在名字之间留出些空间。然后我让他们想出有关每个同学的最好的评价，并把它写下来。9那堂课剩下的时间全花在了完成这项工作上。但是当学生们离开教室的时

47、候，每人都把他们写好的两张纸递给我。查克面带微笑。马克对我说：“谢谢您教我，好老师。祝您周末愉快。”10那个星期六，我把每个学生的名字分别写在一张纸上，然后把其他人说的关于那个人的话都一一列在上面。星期一，我把这些纸发给每个学生自己。有的有两页之多。没多久，全班都在微笑。“真的吗?”我听见有人轻声说。“我从没想到会有人看重那件事。”“我没想到别人会这么喜欢我!”ll没有人在班上再提起那些纸。我也不知道他们是否在课后或与他们的父母谈论过那些(列在纸上的)事，可是那并不重要。这次活动已经达到了它的目的。学生们又感到快乐了，相互之间又愉快相处了。12那一拨学生接着该去哪儿去哪儿了。几年后，我度假回来

48、，父母到机场接我。开车回家的路上，母亲问了些关于旅行的事，都是老一套：天气怎么样以及大体的旅行经历。然后谈话中有点儿冷场。母亲瞟了父亲一眼，简捷地说：“她爸?”于是父亲清了清喉咙，就像通常他要说些重要的事情之前做的那样。“埃克隆夫妇昨晚打电话来了，”他开始说道。13“真的?”我说。“我已经好几年没和他们联系了，不知道马克怎么样了。”14爸爸平静地回答我。“马克死在越南了，”他说。“明天举行葬礼。他父母希望你能参加。”直到今天我还清清楚楚地记得父亲是在494号州际公路的哪个地方告诉我马克的事的。15我以前从没见过躺在军用棺材里的军人。马克看上去是那么英俊，那么成熟。那一时刻，我的脑海里只有这么一句话：马克，只要你能和我说句话，我愿意付出一切。16葬礼过后，马克的大多数同学到查克的农舍去吃午饭。马克的父母在那儿，他们显然在等我。“我们想给你看样东西，”马克的爸爸边说边从口袋里拿出一个皮夹。“这是马克牺牲后他们在他身上发现的。我们想你也许能认得这个。”17他把皮夹打开，小心翼翼地拿出两张破旧的笔记本纸。很明显，那纸已经用胶带粘贴，反反复复地折叠过。我不用看就知道是什么纸，我在那上面列出了每个同学说过的马克的优点。“真是感谢你做了这样的事，”马克的妈妈说。“你能看得出，马克很珍视它。”18马克的同学纷纷围住了我