2022年高校教师资格证考试资料总结 .pdf

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1、rapid development of the market economy environment to explore public servants duty consumption monetization reform has provided a good foundation. The socialization of rear service work has been launched, and rapid progress in some places and departments, duty consumption monetization of carrier an

2、d appr oach to management has bee n resolved. Third, in recent years, exploring the monetization of duty consumption has made some progress, have gained some experience and can provide reference to the comprehensive reform of the system of public serva nts duty consumption further. Implementing an h

3、onest canteen, standardize official entertaining management; enhancing the telecommunication expense management; elimination of County travel and countryside subsidies; research village officials capitalization management of corporate spendi ng, a nd so on. Finally, group .18 session to be held in B

4、eijing from November 9, 2013 to 12th. 35 years ago blew the third ple nary session of the reform and opening up in the spring breeze, cha nged, affect the world; today, 35 years later, in the eyes of the nation and the world expect, again to reform mark China, ushered in the 18 session. XI General S

5、ecretary pointed out that Chinas reform has entered a crucial period and the Sham Shui Po District, must be based on greater political courage and wi sdom, lose no time in dee pening reform in important fields. Dares to crack a hard nut, dares to question the Rapids, which dares to break the barrier

6、 of ideas, and dare to benefit cure barriers. Deepening reform and ope ning up is on schedul e to achieve institutional safeguards of the moderately well-off. Under the five in one the General layout of socialist modernization re quirements, 18 session of the decisi on was a five in one and the impr

7、ovement of overall scheme of reform, will promote an integrated and coordinated economic, political, cult ural, social and ecol ogical civilization construction of the five reforms and the partys construction in the area of institutional reform. The five in one programme is to achieve a comprehensiv

8、e reform of institutional guarantees for objectives of build a well-off society, the smooth progress of the construction of a well-off society and reform the objectives of the programme. One, holding time and place importance on November 9, 2013 to the 18 session of the 12th Beijing since 1978, 35,

9、have been 7 plenary sessi on, each time on major issues of political and economic life of the country has made important deployment. In accordance with PRC political practice, often at every session of the CPC Central Committee in a plenary session was held immediately after the partys Congress, on

10、the theme personnel, discussing election Centrals top leaders, such as the election of the Standing Committee of the political Bureau, through the Central Committee members, decisions, such as members of the Central Military Commission. The second ple nary session, is held in two sessions before the

11、 general election, mainly to discuss a new State personnel issues. But by the thirdplenary session, each sessi on of the Central Committee of national institutions and personnel problems have been arranged, you can conce ntrate on national development and reforms. Previous plenary sessi on is often

12、branded with a central leading collective, often by looking at the third plenum of the initiative to found the current central leadershi p coll ective governance characteristics. From the analysis of the process of economic reform in Chi na, plenary sessi on, 12 session, 14, 16 ple nary session have

13、 programmatic meaning, respectively, marking the four stages of Chinas economic reform, and that the start-up phase of reform, reform, construction phase and perfecting the Socialist market economy framework stage of socialist market economy. Previous plenary session topics proposed to the third ple

14、nary sessi on of taking class struggle as the key link, shifted to socialist modernization; 12 session marked the change from rural to urban, established with public ownershi p as the Foundation of a planned commodity conomy; 13 session at a time when both the old and t he new system change, governa

15、nce and re ctify the economic order; 14 . Fair and efficient and authoritative Socialist judicial system, safeguard the peoples interests. Legal authority to uphol d the Constitution, deepening the reform of administrative law enforcement, ensure that the right to exercise judicial power independe n

16、tly and impartially according to law the pr osecution, perfecting the running mecha nism of judicial power, improve the system of judicial protection of human rights. Plenary session, Affairs the right to adhere to the system, and let the people a uthority to let the power run in the Sun, is shut up

17、 in a cage of the system power poli cy. Decision Science, implementation should be constructed strong, supervise the running of powerful system, improve the system of punishi ng and preventing corruption, promoting political integrity, and strive to achieve cadres honest and Government integrity, cl

18、e an politics. o form a scientific and effective coordination of power restriction and mechanisms to strengthen a nti-corruption institutional innovati on and i nstitutional protection, sound improvement style normal system. Plenary sessi on, building a socialist culture in China, enhancing national

19、 cult ural soft power, must adhere to the orientation of advanced Socialist culture, adhere to the developme nt of Socialist culture with Chi nese characteristics, adhere to the people-ce ntred w ork-oriented, further deepe ning reform of culture. o improve the cultural management system, establish

20、and improve the modern market system and building modern public cultural service system, improve the level of culture opening. Ple nary session, achieving development results more equitable be nefit of all people, we must speed up reform of socia l programs and solve the issues of concern to the peo

21、ple the most direct and real interest, and better meet the needs of the peopl e. To deepen education reform, improve institutional mechanisms for the高校教师资格证考试资料总结第一章高等教育的本质1、定义：高等教育是在完全的中等教育基础上进行的专业教育，是培养各类高级专门人才的社会活动。2、人们普遍把欧洲中世纪大学作为现代高等教育的开端。3、中世纪大学主要围绕文、法、医、神四科来组织教育和教学，在四科中，文科是基础，学习拉丁文和文法、修辞、逻辑、算

22、术、几何、天文、音乐等七艺；法、神、医是高级学科。4、英才教育毛入学率15%大众化教育15%50%普及化教育50% 5、在美国把中等后的所有教育都称为高等教育。6、 中华人民共和国高等教育法对高等教育的概念为：本法所称高等教育，是指完成高等中级教育基础上实施的教育。7、从高等教育的性质上看，高等教育是一种专业教育，是依据专业分工培养高级人才的活动。10、20 世纪 80 年代，哈佛通识教育的核心课程包括六大类，文学与艺术、科学、历史研究、社会分析、道德思考、外国文化，意在培养出有教养的美国人。11、我国古代的“学而优则仕”传统与官学的设立便是把教育视为一种政治工具的具体表现。12、高等教育的经

23、济功能？13、舒尔茨的人力资本理论P10 14、高等教育与科学技术的关系？P12 15、人才培养职能肇始于古代，发展和完善于欧洲中世纪大学，也是现代高等学校最基本的职能。16、高等教育的出现可以追溯到古希腊的“学园”；在我国，高等教育可以追溯到西周时期；春秋战国时期，的“稷下学宫”；始于唐代的书院 （最早为 717 年建立的丽正书院，后改为集贤殿书院） ，则是中国另一种类型的高等学校。17、最早产生中世纪大学的有：意大利的萨莱诺大学，美国1636年的哈佛学院。我国近代建立的大学有：天津中西学堂，北洋大学堂、南洋公学、京师大学堂18、 中世纪大学的办学目的与方向决定了其职能基本上是培养专门人才，

24、而科学研究的大学中并没有找到存在的位置和理由。19、发展科学职能产生的背景是1810 年洪堡的柏林大学的创办。柏林大学创办的基本原则是“大学自治与学术自由” ， “教学与科研相统一的原则”20、大学的社会服务职能产生于1862 年美国莫里尔法案的颁布，引发了美国赠地学院运动。21、现代大学的职能体系？（1）培养专门人才是现代高校的基本职能。（2）发展科学是现代高校的重要职能（3）社会服务是现代高校职能的延伸22、高校为社会服务的形式？（1）教学服务（ 2）科技服务（ 3）信息服务（ 4）设备开放服务第二章高等教育的目的23、教育目的指明了在一定社会中要把受教育者培养成什么样的人的根本问题，是一

25、切教育活动的出发点和归宿。24、教育方针是指“实施素质教育，就是全面贯彻党的教育方针，以提高国民素质为根本宗旨，以培养学生的创新精神和实践能力为重点，造就有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律，德智体美全面发展的社会主义事业建设者和接班人”。一个宗旨、两个重点、四有四全25、高校的教育目的可表述为“培养德、智、体全面发展的社会主义高级专门人才” 。26、马克思主义全面发展学说的含义？（1）人的发展与社会生产以及生产关系相一致（2）旧社会分工造成了人的片面发展（3）机器大工业为人的全面发展创造了物质条件（4）资本主义不可能实现人的全面发展（5）社会主义为人的全面发展提供了条件和基础，从而为人的全面发展成

26、为可能。（6）只有到了共产主义社会，人的全面发展才能成为现实（7）人的全面发展成为现实的唯一途径是教育与生产劳动相结合。27、全面发展包括德育、智育、体育和美育，德育是全面发展教育的方向和动力， 智育是全面发展教育的核心，体育是全面发展教育的基础，他们相辅相成，缺一不可。28、全面发展教育实施的途径？P35（1）教育工作（ 2）科学研究（ 3）社会实践第三章高等教育的几个理论问题29、高等教育价值的两种选择，（1）社会本位（ 2）个人本位30、个人本位和社会本位观在西方都源自古希腊时期。个人本位可溯源于亚里士多德的“自由教育”理论；社会本可溯源于柏拉图的哲学家教育和军人教育。在我国两种教育观的

27、冲突，早在孔子和老子的哲学思想中就已萌芽。孔子把教育看成体社会化的过程，学习知识和目的在于修身、齐家、治国、平天下。老子则主要强调个人的修养完善，更好理解“道”。31、在我国殷商、西周时期，高等教育的培养目标是“大学之道，在于明明德，在于亲民，在于止于至善”。教育内容以“六艺” ，即礼、乐、射、御、书、数为主。32、为什么当代教育强调通才和专才教育并重？（1）通才教育的内涵及特征传授知识侧重基础性和经典性教育内容的综合性和广泛教育形式的多样性和灵活性。（2）专才教育的内涵和特征专才教育主要针对具体岗位和行业需要来进行的教育内容与社会生产及生活需要之间有明显而直接的针对性，偏重于应用学生在毕业之

28、后能较快适应社会岗位的需要。（3）当代科学技术加速发展必学科交叉整合的趋势，要求大学在人才培养上，必须走通才教育和专才教育相结合的道路。（4）人的和谐发展与完整人格形成需要通才与专才教育相结合。（5）通才教育与专才教育的结合是社会发展对现代人才提出的要求。33、我国目前教育已步入大众化教育阶段。34、英才教育向大众化转变的两种模式：以公立高等教育系统的扩张为主的美国模式和以私立大学规模扩展为主的日本模式。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 7 页rapid development of the market economy

29、environment to explore public servants duty consumption monetization reform has provided a good foundation. The socialization of rear service work has been launched, and rapid progress in some places and departments, duty consumption monetization of carrier and appr oach to management has bee n reso

30、lved. Third, in recent years, exploring the monetization of duty consumption has made some progress, have gained some experience and can provide reference to the comprehensive reform of the system of public serva nts duty consumption further. Implementing an honest canteen, standardize official ente

31、rtaining management; enhancing the telecommunication expense management; elimination of County travel and countryside subsidies; research village officials capitalization management of corporate spendi ng, a nd so on. Finally, group .18 session to be held in Beijing from November 9, 2013 to 12th. 35

32、 years ago blew the third ple nary session of the reform and opening up in the spring breeze, cha nged, affect the world; today, 35 years later, in t he eyes of the nation and the world expect, again to reform mark China, ushered in the 18 session. XI General Secretary pointed out that Chinas reform

33、 has entered a crucial period and the Sham Shui Po District, must be based on greater political courage and wi sdom, lose no time in dee pening reform in important fields. Dares to crack a hard nut, dares to question the Rapids, which dares to break the barrier of ideas, and dare to benefit cure bar

34、riers. Deepening reform and ope ning up is on schedul e to achieve institutional safeguards of the moderately well-off. Under the five in one the General layout of socialist modernization re quirements, 18 session of the decisi on was a five in one and the improvement of overall scheme of reform, wi

35、ll promote an integrated and coordinated economic, political, cult ural, social and ecol ogical civilization construction of the five reforms and the partys construction in the area of institutional reform. The five in one programme is to achieve a comprehensive reform of institutional guarantees fo

36、r objectives of build a well-off society, the smooth progress of the construction of a well-off society and reform the objectives of the programme. One, holding time and place importance on November 9, 2013 to the 18 session of the 12th Beijing since 1978, 35, have been 7 plenary sessi on, each time

37、 on major issues of political and economic life of the country has made important deployment. In accordance with PRC political practice, often at every session of the CPC Central Committee in a plenary session was held immediately after the partys Congress, on the theme personnel, discussing electio

38、n Centrals top leaders, such as the ele ction of the Standing Committee of the political Bureau, throug h the Central Committee members, decisions, such as members of the Central Military Commission. The second ple nary session, is held in two sessions before the general election, mainly to discuss

39、a new State personnel issues. But by the third plenary session, each sessi on of the Central Committee of national institutions and personnel problems have been arranged, you can conce ntrate on national development and reforms. Previous plenary sessi on is often branded with a central leading colle

40、ctive, often by looking at the third plenum of the initiative to found the current central leadershi p coll ective governance characteristics. From the analysis of the process of economic reform in Chi na, plenary sessi on, 12 session, 14, 16 ple nary session have programmatic meaning, respectively,

41、 marking the four stages of Chinas economic reform, and that the start-up phase of reform, reform, construction phase and perfecting the Socialist market economy framework stage of socialist market economy. Previous plenary session topics proposed to the third plenary sessi on of taking class strugg

42、le as the key link, shifted to socialist modernization; 12 session marked the change from rural to urban, established with public ownership as the Foundation of a planned commodity economy; 13 session at a time when both the old and t he ne w system change, governance and re ctify the economic order

43、; 14 . Fair and efficient and authoritative Socialist judicial system, safeguard the peoples interests. Legal authority to uphol d the Constitution, deepening the reform of administrative law enforcement, ensure that the right to exercise judicial power independe ntly and impartially according to la

44、w the pr osecution, perfecting the running mecha nism of judicial power, improve the system of judicial protection of human rights. Plenary session, Affairs the right to adhere to the system, and let the people a uthority to let the power run in the Sun, is shut up in a cage of the system power poli

45、 cy. Decision Science, implementation should be constructed strong, supervise the running of powerful system, improve the system of punishi ng and preventing corruption, promoting political integrity, and strive to achieve cadres honest and Government integrity, cle an politics. o form a scientific

46、and effective coordination of power restriction and mechanisms to strengthen a nti-corruption institutional innovati on and i nstitutional protection, sound improvement style normal system. Plenary sessi on, building a socialist culture in China, enhancing national cult ural soft power, must adhere

47、to the orientation of advanced Socialist culture, adhere to the developme nt of Socialist culture with Chi nese characteristics, adhere to the people-ce ntred w ork-oriented, further deepe ning reform of culture. o improve the cultural management system, establish and improve the modern market syste

48、m and building modern public cult ural service system, improve the level of culture opening. Ple nary session, achieving development results more equitable be nefit of all people, we must speed up reform of socia l programs and solve the issues of concern to the people the most direct and real inter

49、est, and better meet the needs of the peopl e. To deepen education reform, improve institutional mechanisms for the35、教育平等思想最早可追溯到孔子和柏拉图。孔子主要“有教无类” ，柏拉图提出了“对所有儿童实施初等教育”36、瑞典著名教育家胡森认为，教育平等包括起点、连续的过程、和最后目标（结果）三个必不可少的组成部分。37、在我国大众化教育阶段，如何处理平等与效率的关系？平等与效率是一对相互对立和统一的范畴，在特定的条件下， 对效率的追求必然影响公平的实现，而追求理想化的平等如

50、平均主义往往导致低效率的结果，但效率的实现必须有相对的公平来提供保障，同时，公平的逐步实现又取决于效率不断提高的社会环境。（1）平等与效率是一对相互对立的范畴。高等教育的资源要适当集中以保证这种高投入的活动能够顺利、高效进行对谁受高等教育要有选择高等教育应按社会需要分层培养人才，达到学有所用的目的。 （2）平等与效率又是一对统一的范畴人们追求效率以质量为核心，而质量又是平等的基本内涵之一平等也是提高效率必不可少的条件。（3）我国高等教育政策取向概括为“效率优先，兼顾平等” 。第四章高等学校教育制度40、目前我国高等学校系统的宏观总体特征是：以多重公立系统为主，私立系统尚处于逐步形成之中。高等教