2022年高职高专新标准系列英语教材教案第一册第二单元 .pdf

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1、学习必备欢迎下载Unit 2 FriendshipTeaching Objective: 1. Master the key words and structures, and understand the main idea of the text. 2. Put the expression and words to daily use. Key Points: 1. words and expressions 2. Comprehension and Sentence Structure: 3. Skills: Model verbs and How to write a persona

2、l letters Teaching Procedures: Lead In Activit y(1) Study of the Text(2)Study of Words and Phrases(3) Study of Read More(4) Study of Practical Reading (5) Study of Practical Writing(6)Part I Lead in Activity Teacher s presentation A life without a friend is a life without a sun. Friendship is one of

3、 the most important things in everyones life. When you re down, friends lift you up. When you lose your way, friends guide you and cheer you on. So cherish your friends. Do not save your loving speeches, for your friends till they are dead Do not write them on their tombstones, speak them rather now

4、 instead. Do you think so? (pause, waiting for students response) Now let look at several questions about what weve discussed. 1 Friendship may sometimes exert a great impact on one s life. Have you heard of any stories of friendship? Do you think your life has ever been influenced by your relations

5、 with your friends? 2 What kind of person do you expect your friend to be? Describe a person who is likely to be your friend. Part II Read In Part Division of the Text The text can be divided into 3 parts: Part 1 (Paragraph 1): Part 1 is the topic paragraph, stating generally the helpfulness of the

6、精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载operator. Part 2 (Paragraphs 2-9): Part 2 illustrates the helpfulness and friendliness of the operator with instances. Part 3 (Paragraphs 10-15): Part 3 describes a telephone conversation between the boy and the operator many years lat

7、er, further stating the friendship between the two persons. Explanation paragraph by paragraph Next, let learn the text paragraph by paragraph. First, I want to show you the important words and expression in the paragraph, then we will go through it together. In the end, some sentence structure will

8、 be emphasized, if there is any. Paragraph One Words and expressions: 1. 1. discover Compare the two words discover, learn 两个词都含有“获得知识，了解”这个含义。 discover 指“ （通过观察或研究而）发现” ，往往含有“第一次发现”的含义。 learn 的意思是“学习”或“得知” ，指“ （通过教导而）学习”或“ （从别人那里）得知” 。请比较下面的句子， 并在空格处填上 discover或 learn的正确形式：eg:Columbus discovered Am

9、erica in 1492. From her letter I learned that she is out of work. Patterns: discover sth discover + that 从句discover + wh-疑问词 +动词不定式Derivation: discoverer n. 发现者discovery n. 发现精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载2. device Compare the two words Device, equipment equipment是

10、不可数名词，指 “ （用于某一种活动的一套） 设备” 。如：kitchen equipment fire-fighting equipment military equipment device是可数名词， 指“ （用于某一具体目的的一件） 装置” 。如：an alarm device a safety device a protection device NB: device 除了指“装置，设备”外，还可以指“手段”或“技巧”。eg:Television advertising has been used as a device for stimulating demand. He trie

11、d various devices to arouse sympathy. Idiomatic Expression: leave sb to his own devices 让某人自己决定怎么做Paragraph Two 1. there was no one home to offer sympathy. Sentence Translation: 家里没有人，没人能安慰我。Sentence Paraphrase: No one was at home, so I could not get any sympathy. Structural Analysis: 动词不定式 to offer

12、 sympathy 作为修饰语修饰名词词组no one 。不定式可以作为名词的后置修饰语，表达这样几种关系：a) 主语和动词的关系，即名词是不定式的逻辑主语。例句就是这种情况，no one是动词 offer 的主语。如：She was the first one to arrive at the party. Your proposal will be discussed at the conference to open next week. b) 宾语和动词的关系，即名词是不定式的逻辑宾语。如：I have too many things to do. 精选学习资料 - - - - - -

13、 - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载There is nothing interesting to write about. c) 同位语的关系，即名词和不定式互为同位语。如：I have no intention to quarrel with you. His decision to withdraw from college surprised us all. 值得注意的是不定式主动语态和被动语态的选择，有时两种形式都可以。如：There is no time to lose. There is no time to be los

14、t. 但有时候习惯上用其中某一种更为自然。如：We have a lot of work to do. This is a day never to be forgotten. Paragraph Eight 1. That will stop the hurt. Sentence Translation: 这样做就会止住疼痛。Sentence Paraphrase:If you break a little piece of ice and put it on your finger, the pain will be relieved. Structural Analysis: 注意这句话

15、中指示代词that的用法，它指代前文break a little piece of ice and put it on your finger 整个句子。 that / those作为指示代词通常用于后照应，即指代前文中出现的整个句子或若干句子。如：My new car was stolen. That almost drove me crazy. We meet here at five oclock. That ought to give you enough time to do your shopping. 如果要指代下文出现的一个或若干句子，通常用this / these 。如：Th

16、is is what I want to say: youre always thinking of yourself; you never think about what others need. Now hear this. Lets meet at the school gate in ten minutes. Paragraph Nine 1. comfort Collocations: bring comfort derive comfort from find comfort in give sb comfort 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 -

17、 - - - - - -第 4 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载live in comfort provide comfort take comfort in / from eg.He has saved enough money so that he can live in comfort when he is retired. Parents always take comfort in their children. NB: comfort 既可以作名词，也可以作动词。Derivation: comfortable adj. 舒服的comfortably adv. 舒服地comforte

18、r n. 安慰者，给予安慰的事物Paragraph Twelve 1.plan Collocations:a five-year plan a long-term plan carry out a plan devise a plan draw up a plan implement a plan make a plan map out a plan put a plan into operation NB: plan 既可以作名词，也可以作动词。Pattern: plan (v.) to do eg. The students have been planning to hold a sur

19、prise party for their teacher on her birthday. Matching: Fill in the blank with a proper preposition to collocate with “plan”: Do you have a plan for the summer break? This is a street plan of the town. Every university student should plan for his future. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - -

20、-第 5 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载I hadnt planned this, but I heard myself saying. Sentence Translation: 我没有事先想好，却不知不觉脱口而出Sentence Paraphrase: Before I spoke, I hadnt thought of what I would say, but I said without intending to do soStructural Analysis: 动词 find，hear，catch 后面跟反身代词作宾语，再加上补语，构成 SVOC的句型，表示自己不知不觉处在 （

21、补语所表示的） 那种状态中。补语可以是-ing分词，也可以是介词词组。如：She heard herself humming an old familiar song. I found myself in a dilemma. Though she made good preparations for the presentation, she caught herself making several mistakes. Paragraph Thirteen your finger must have gotten better by now. Sentence Translation: 你

22、的手指现在一定已经好多了吧。Sentence Paraphrase: I guess it is very likely that your finger has gotten better by now. Structural Analysis: 这一句话中的 must 的用法涉及到情态助动词的推测性用法，即情态助动词表达的是说话人的主观看法。下面九个情态助动词都能作推测性用法：might, may, could, can, should, ought to, would, will, must 值得注意的是这九个情态助动词作推测性用法时没有时态的差别， 而有表示可能性程度的差别。 其中 m

23、ight 表示可能性程度最低，must 表示可能性程度最高，从左至右依次递增。那么如何表示推测的事件所发生的时间呢？是通过情态助动词后的动词形式来体现的。如果动词是完成体形式，表示对于过去事件的推测，如果动词形式是非完成体形式，表示对于现在或将来事件的推测。如：He may be working now. (=Perhaps he is working now.) He cant have lost his passport. (=It is very unlikely that he has lost his passport.) You must have been disappointe

24、d when you heard the news. (=It was quite likely that you were disappointed when you heard the news.) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载Paragraph Fourteen 1.mean NB: mean 是一个一词多意的单词，掌握它的意义和用法非常重要。下面讲解 mean 的几个主要的意思：a) 意思是，表示。如：A dictionary tells you what a word means.

25、b) 打算，意欲。如：This lecture is meant for beginners. 这个讲座是为入门者准备的。I meant to apologize to you, but you just won t listen to me. 我打算向你道歉的，但你就是不肯听我说。c) 具有重要性。如：The photo frame is a symbol of friendship. It means a lot to me. Patterns: a) 意思是，表示mean sth mean +that-从句mean + -ing分词b) 打算，意欲mean to do mean sb s

26、th mean sb to do c) 具有重要性meanto sb Derivation: meaning n. 意思，意义meaningful adj. 有意义的，有价值的meaningless adj. 没有意义的，没有价值的Idiomatic Expressions: be meant to do （按道理、按规矩）必须做mean well 怀好意Paragraph Fifteen Words: 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载1.used to do NB: 否定形式为 used not

27、 to或 did not used to （有缩略形式为 usedn t to或 didnt used to） 。used to 表示过去的事实或状态，后接动词不定式。Comparison:a) used to do b) be used to sth / -ing分词c) be used to do 这三个表达中虽然都含有used ，但意义和用法截然不同。 a)中 used是动词 use的过去式，后接动词不定式， 表示过去惯常的动作或状态。如：He used to smoke a lot, but now he has given up smoking. b) 中 used是形容词，后接介词

28、to，表示“习惯于”。动词 be有时可以和 get互换。如：I am not used to the weather here. Im used to getting up early. c) 中 used是动词 use的过去分词，和 be构成被动语态，意思是 “被用来（做某事）” ，后接动词不定式。如：Flowers are often used to express love and friendship. Grammar Note: 与 used to 类似，情态助动词would 也可以表示过去习惯，这两者往往可以交替使用。如：When we were children, we used

29、 to / would play basketball every afternoon. 但是，有时它们也不能互换。因为would 只能与动态动词连用，而 used to则没有这个限制。如：There used to be an small restaurant at the street corner. 这句话中的 used to就不能与 would 互换。2.look forward to Compare the two expressions Look forward to , expect look forward to 和 expect的中文释义都有“盼望“的意思，但是两者的含义还是

30、有区别的。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载 expect的含义是“预期或要求某事发生” 而 look forward to 带有“含着欣喜、急切的心情盼望”的含义。如：Im expecting a letter. 我在等一封信。（不含有 “ 盼望” 的意思）Im looking forward to your letter. 我盼着你的来信。NB: 这个词组中的to 是介词，所以后面不能接动词不定式，而必须接名词或 -ing 分词。如：Children always look forward to

31、 holidays I look forward to seeing you again. Useful Expressions: look after 照看look back on 回顾，回忆look down on 轻视look for 寻找look into 调查look out 小心look up to 尊敬Home work after class. 1. Review the text sentence by sentence, learn the important words and expression by heart; understand the sentence st

32、ructure and put them into practical use. 2. Sentence Translation 我上小学的时候，常常在上学的路上买一包糖。When I was in primary school, I used to buy a pack of candies on my way to school.意识到是我犯了错误，我不假思索向她道歉了。Realizing that I have made a mistake, I heard myself apologizing to her.经历了生活的大起大落之后，她变成了一个成熟冷静的女人。Going throug

33、h the ups and downs of life, she has turned into a mature and self-possessed woman.When I grew up and left my hometown, I realized how much my childhood friends had meant to me. 我长大成人离开家乡后，意识到我的童年好友对我有多重要。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载I cant think of his name at th

34、e moment. 我一时想不起他的名字。 Whenever I lose heart at my failure, the photo frame on my desk reminds me of my best friends encouragement. 每当我因为失败而失去信心时，我桌上的相框就会让我想起我最好的朋友的鼓励。Part III Useful Expressions in the neighbourhood of 在附近，大约come / go under the hammer 被拍卖give sb pause 使某人踌躇have one s moments也有走红的（得意

35、的、精彩的）时候go shares 分担（费用等）no pains, no gains 不劳无获at a distance 在远处keep one s distance 保持距离，不介入lack (v.) for nothing 什么也不缺take heart 鼓起勇气Part IV Writing 1. Summary Writing Directions: Read Text B “The Road Is Never Too Long, ” and write a summary of about 100 words. Note that your summary should inclu

36、de the main ideas of the story. Please pay attention to the use of conjunctions and conjunctive adverbs. The teacher will ask one student to read out his or her summary in class. This would be our homework, so please prepare it seriously. Summary for reference: More than two years ago, I wrote a let

37、ter to a girl in Hungary, whom I had never seen before. Unexpectedly, she wrote a letter in reply. Being a shy and thoughtful girl, she gave me the comfort I needed at that time. Our letter writing continued and our friendship was strengthened. In order to meet my friend face to face, I did part-tim

38、e jobs. Finally, I made my trip to the town where she lived. Despite the many difficulties like the distance and lack of money, we managed to see each other. We realized that the road to a friend s house is never too 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载long. 2. Writing

39、Accelerator 英语书信书写格式与汉语信件有很大的不同。英语书信一般包括以下五个部分：1. 信头 (Heading)：1) 发信人的地址及 写信日期 , 写在信的右上角。2) 收信人的姓名、地址，写在寄信人地址的左下方。私人信件此项可不写。注意： 1) 英文地址的顺序与汉语不同 由小到大 ; 2) 日期写在地址的下面, 千万不要写在信的结尾, 这一点是和汉语信件最大的区别 , 也是最容易出错的地方。2. 称呼 (Salutation)：一般用 Dear ., 从信头下左端开始顶格写。3. 正文 (Body)：是书信的主体，从称呼的下一行开始写。4. 结束语 (Closing)：写在正文

40、的下面。常写在信纸中间偏右的地方, 也可以与正文齐头写。常见的这类结束语有：通常情况：Yours, Yours truly 上级或长辈：Yours respectfully， Respectfully yours 亲属： With love, All my love, Yours lovely 公函： Yours faithfully 5. 签名 (Signature)：是指写信人的签名 , 写在结束语的下一行。范文：学生问候父母（私信）Aug. 12, 2006 Dear Mum and Dad, I am sorry for not having written to you for su

41、ch a long time. I am afraid you must think I have forgotten you and the whole family. Actually I really miss you, but I have been busy preparing my exam these days. And now I have passed the exam and feel very relaxed as if a heavy burden has been removed. I cant help waiting to write to you and so

42、here I am. What about Dads health? Is he still coughing at night? I have been worrying about it. The last day I saw an advertisement on a newspaper introducing a new kind of syrup which is said to have magic effect on 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载coughing. I have

43、 bought one bottle and sent it back home by post. Have you received it? What about the effect? Please write to me soon, I am eager to hear from you. Your daughter, Li Hua 译文亲爱的爸爸妈妈：我为这么长时间没有给你们写信而感到抱歉，恐怕你们都认为我把你们和家人都忘了吧。其实我真的非常想念你们，但这些日子我在忙着准备考试。现在考试通过了，我感觉如释重负，迫不及待地要提笔给你们写信。爸爸的身体怎么样？晚上还咳嗽吗？我一直非常担心。

44、前几天我在报纸上看到一则广告，其中介绍了的那种咳嗽药，据说有奇效。我已经买了一瓶寄回去了。你们收到了吗？效果怎么样？尽快给我回信好吗？我早就想收到你们的信了。女儿：李华20XX 年 8 月 12 日私人信函写作攻略私人信函是一个宽泛的概念，它既可以指公务信函以外的一切信函，也可以指与家人或朋友之间互通信息、感情这一特定类型的信件。这里我们指后者。私人信函与其他形式的信函最根本的区别在于，私人信函纯粹是出于自愿，就像是同远方的亲友聊家常一样。其内容可以是简短的几句问候、通报近期的情况、抒发对亲友的想念等等。私人信函的格式和其他信函基本一致，不过与其他信函相比，稍微随便一些。地址一般写在信纸的右上

45、角，可用斜列式也可用齐头式，如果是收信人熟悉的地址也可以省略不写，但日期是不能省略的。称呼一般视与收信人的关系而定，一般来说应用比较亲近的称呼。正文部分尽量有感而发，写作时要十分注重感情的真挚。如果对方在上次的信中提出过什么问题，应该先回答，同时也可以问对方一些问题，以表示对他/她的关切。私人信函的基本写作结构为“ 问候及表达写信人的思念之情询问收信人的近况 向收信人讲述自己的情况 以提议、建议或请求结尾” 。在写给私人信函中可以常用的结尾套语如“Yours, ” “ With love, ” “ With best wishes ” “Your affectionately,” “Yours

46、 sincerely,”等等。当然在实际写作中，要仔细审题，弄清楚题目给定的情景，根据要求进行写作。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载必背模版句式 How time flies! And its five months since you left. Do you know how we have been missing you lately? 光阴似箭！一晃我们分别已经5 个月了。你知道我们最近有多想念你吗？ Thanks for your letter on June 1st. Im now

47、 answering your letter and telling you my opinion. 感谢你 6月 1 日的来信。我现在给你回信，说说我的看法。 You have no idea how excited I was when I received your letter! I was nearly crazy! 你一定想不到收到你的来信我是多么地激动！我几乎都快疯了！ It is hard to believe two years have passed since I left Beijing for Japan. How are you going on these day

48、s? 真没想到转眼间我离开北京来日本已有两年了。你最近怎么样？ I am delighted to hear you will be coming to Beijing and will be able to visit my family. 听说你要来北京，还要来我家玩我非常高兴。 I am looking forward to hearing from you soon. 我期待着能够很快收到你的回信。 Be sure to write soon. I am eager to hear from you. 记得要早点回信，我很想早点收到你的来信。Part V Dictation 1. Wo

49、rds dictation Operator, neighborhood, discover, device, amazing ,hammer,sympathy, mouthpiece, moment, sob, bleed, fridge, comfort, pet, belong, land, airport, dial ,hometown, plan, pause, mean 2.Sentence Dictation Friendship is a close relationship. Friendship is comfortable and relaxed. Friendship

50、requires meeting the needs of both friends. Building friendships takes time. Talking and listening builds friendships. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 18 页学习必备欢迎下载Text B Words and phrases 1.frame n. 框子，框架e.g. I sent her a photo frame for her birthday. 我送了她一个相框做生日礼物。This is a bu