高二非谓语动词课件讲解.ppt

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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词 在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为：谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。非谓语动词非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。一、什么叫做非谓语动词一、什么叫做非谓语动词由于自身的特点和复杂性，非谓语动词是中学生由于自身的特点和复杂性，非谓语动词是中学生较难掌握语法项目之一，也是短文改错命题的一较难掌握语法项目之一，也是短文改错命题的一个热点。非谓语动词内容很多，因此命题的知识个热点。非谓语动

2、词内容很多，因此命题的知识点也有很多。短文改错除了考查非谓语动词的基点也有很多。短文改错除了考查非谓语动词的基本功能外，还考查非谓语动词的形式变化以及动本功能外，还考查非谓语动词的形式变化以及动词与非谓语动词的不同搭配等。词与非谓语动词的不同搭配等。易错点回顾：易错点回顾：1.下面短语中的下面短语中的to是介词，后面只能跟名词或动是介词，后面只能跟名词或动名词：名词：belong to, object to(反对反对)，devote oneself/ones time/energy to，get down to(着手干着手干)，lead to (通向，导致通向，导致)，pay attentio

3、n to，look forward to (盼望盼望)，be used to (习惯于习惯于)，stick to (坚持坚持), see to, refer to, turn to等等。误误 His whole family objected to his give up the job.正正 His whole family objected to his giving up the job.2. 下列动词后只能跟不定式：下列动词后只能跟不定式：afford, agree, ask, attempt, choose, decide, hope, expect, intend, learn,

4、long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等。等。误误 He offered helping me.正正 He offered to help me.3. 下列动词或动词短语的后面只能跟动名词：下列动词或动词短语的后面只能跟动名词：admit(承认承认)，appreciate, avoid, cant help(禁禁不住不住)，stand(忍受忍受)， consider (考虑，打算考虑，打算)，enjoy, escape (躲避躲避)，excuse, finish, give up, imagine, ins

5、ist on, mind, miss（错过）（错过）, practice, put off, risk, set about, suggest(建议建议)等。等。误误 He admitted to break the window. 正正 He admitted breaking the window.4. 下列动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，但含义不同：下列动词既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，但含义不同：forget to do (忘记了要干什么忘记了要干什么) forget doing (忘了干过的事情忘了干过的事情) regret to do (指当时或现在遗憾地做什么指当时或现在遗憾地做什

6、么) regret doing (后悔做了什么事情后悔做了什么事情)try to do ( 试图干试图干)try doing (尝试干尝试干)stop doing (停止干停止干) stop to do (停下来去干另一件事情停下来去干另一件事情)Mean to do(打算做某事）打算做某事）Mean doing（意味着）（意味着）go on to do (继续去干另一件事情继续去干另一件事情) go on doing (继续干同一件事情继续干同一件事情)误误 He regretted to hurt his best friend. 正正 He regretted hurting his b

7、est friend.析表示析表示后悔干过后悔干过，regret后跟动名词。后跟动名词。5. 下列动词后跟带下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语：的不定式作补语：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。等。误误 My father had expected me going to college. 正正 My fa

8、ther had expected me to go to college.析析期望某人干期望某人干是是expect sb. to do sth.。6. 下列动词后在主动语态中用不带下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语，的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上但在被动语态中要加上to：make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, look at, listen to等。等。误误 The boy was made wash the truck as a punishment.正正 The boy was made to wash the

9、truck as a punishment.7. 在在easy, difficult, hard, interesting, pleasant 等形容词后的不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。等形容词后的不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。误误I find the article difficult to be understood.正正 I find the article difficult to understand.9. 由不及物动词构成不定式且不定式与其有逻辑由不及物动词构成不定式且不定式与其有逻辑 上的动宾关系时，动词的后面需加适当的介词上的动宾关系时，动词的后面需加适当的介词 补充说明前面的

10、名词或代词。补充说明前面的名词或代词。误误 He is well prepared for the exam and has nothing to worry.正正 He is well prepared for the exam and has nothing to worry about.析析worry是不及物动词，且与前面的名词有是不及物动词，且与前面的名词有 逻辑上的动宾关系，因此后面需加介词。逻辑上的动宾关系，因此后面需加介词。二、非谓语动词的表现二、非谓语动词的表现形式形式有：有：不定式不定式 （to do）现在分词现在分词 （doing）过去分词过去分词 （done）动名词动名词

11、 （doing）三、非谓语动词的特征三、非谓语动词的特征1 1、动词特征：、动词特征：A、时态：时态： 一般式一般式 完成式完成式 to do to have done doing having done I think it wise _ (ask)him for advice. They seem _ (finish) their work. _ (do)his homework, he went out for play. He sent me an e-mail, _ (hope) to get more advice. to ask to have finishedHaving do

12、ne hoping1. Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort _ her?A. pleasing B. to have pleased C. to please Dhaving pleased2. The local health organization is reported _ twenty-five years age when Dr. Adudon became its first president.A. to be set up B. being set upC. to have been set up D. h

13、aving been set upCCB、语态：语态： 主动语态主动语态 被动语态被动语态 to do to be doneto have done to have been donedoing being donehaving done having been doneHe asked _ (send)to work in the factory. He is said _ (send) to London already. This is the problem _ (discuss) at the meeting now. _ many times, but he still could

14、nt understand it. to be sentto have been sentbeing discussedHaving been told注：注：1.1.非谓语动词的否定结构非谓语动词的否定结构非谓语动词的否定结构是：非谓语动词的否定结构是：not +not +非谓语动词非谓语动词The patient was warned not to eat oil food after the operation.Not knowing what to do, he phoned him again.Tony was unhappy for not having been invited

15、to the party.1.The _ (excite)people rushed into the building. 2.When we came to school that morning, we found all the windows _ . A. being stolen B. to be stolen C. stolen D. to have been stolen 3.The teacher stood there _ by his students. A. to be surrounded B. surrounded C. having surrounded D. to

16、 have been surrounded excited C B主主语语表语表语 宾语宾语 补语补语 定语定语 状语状语不定式不定式+现在分词现在分词+过去分词过去分词+动名词动名词+一、一、 不定式与动名词作主语不定式与动名词作主语不定式作主语不定式作主语多表示具体的某次动作，尤其多表示具体的某次动作，尤其是指将来的动作。是指将来的动作。动名词作主语动名词作主语多表示习惯性的、经常性的动多表示习惯性的、经常性的动作。作。_ with fire is dangerous. A. Playing B. To play _ with fire will be dangerous. A. To p

17、lay B. PlayingAA1.I appreciated _ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago. A. having been given B. having given C. to have been given D. to have given 2. Revolution means _ the productive forces.A. to liberate. B. to have liberatedC. liberating D. having being liberatedAC3. The teacher doesnt

18、permit _ in class.A. smoke B. to smokeC. smoking D. to have a smoke4. She pretended _ me when I passed by . A . not to see B . not seeing C . to not see D . having not seen CA二、二、 动名词与不定式作宾语动名词与不定式作宾语 在一个句子中，用不定式，还在一个句子中，用不定式，还是用动名词作宾语，往往是由句子谓是用动名词作宾语，往往是由句子谓语动词的用法来决定的。语动词的用法来决定的。非谓语动词作宾语有以下几种情况：非谓语

19、动词作宾语有以下几种情况：A. A. 以下动词常接不定式作宾语以下动词常接不定式作宾语wish、ask、promise、pretend、fail decide、learn、agree、manage、demand 、plan、refuse、seem、expectB. B. 以下动词常接动名词作宾语以下动词常接动名词作宾语suggest、finish、enjoy、mind、avoid 、 miss、 practise、excuse、consider、cant help1. like、love、hate、prefer等词后接不定式等词后接不定式时，表示具体得某次动作，尤其是将来的动作；时，表示具体得

20、某次动作，尤其是将来的动作； 接动名词时，接动名词时， 表示习惯、经验、体会。表示习惯、经验、体会。I prefer being alone.I prefer to stay at home today.C. C. 既可接不定式既可接不定式 又可接动名词作宾语的动又可接动名词作宾语的动词词注注 2. remember、forget、regret 等词后等词后接不定式时，表示一未发生的动作；接动名接不定式时，表示一未发生的动作；接动名词时，表示一已经发生了的词时，表示一已经发生了的 动作。动作。I forgot telling him the news.I forgot to tell him

21、the news.I dont remember having ever promised you that.注注 3. want、need、require等此后接不定式等此后接不定式 用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。句用被动式的形式；动名词用主动式的形式。句 子的意思没有差别。但句子得主语一般是一表子的意思没有差别。但句子得主语一般是一表 物的名词或代词。这类动词主要有：。物的名词或代词。这类动词主要有：。Your watch needs repairing to be repaired.The windows need painting again to be painted aga

22、in.1.If I had remembered _ (close) the window, the thief would not have got in. 2. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path . 3. This sentence needs - (improve). to closeto restimproving/to be improved4. Rather than _ on a crowded bus , he always pre

23、fers _ a bicycle . A . ride ; ride B . riding ; ride C . ride ; to ride D . to ride ; riding 5. They would not allow him _ across the enemy line . A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going CA6. The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed _ . Acatching Bto be caught Cbeing c

24、aught Dto catch 7. There are lots of places of interest _ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repairedCD8. I can hardly imagine Peter _ (sail) across the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days.9. _ (help) by their teacher, the students finished the task succes

25、sfully. Helpedsailing三、非谓语动词作状语三、非谓语动词作状语 1. 1. 现在分词现在分词(v+ing(v+ing) )作状语表示主动作状语表示主动 和进行的动作。和进行的动作。2.2.过去分词过去分词(v+ed)(v+ed)有两大特点，一是有两大特点，一是表表被动的动作被动的动作；二是表；二是表已完成的动已完成的动作作。1. 时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在过去分词前时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在过去分词前加上连词加上连词“when , while , until”等，使其时间意等，使其时间意义更明确。义更明确。2. 原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。原

26、因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。3. 条件状语：可加连词条件状语：可加连词if , unless 等；也可换成条件等；也可换成条件状语从句。状语从句。 4. 让步状语：有时可加让步状语：有时可加 although , though , even if , even though , whetheror 等连词，可转等连词，可转换成让步状语从句。换成让步状语从句。5. 方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从句。方式、伴随状语：可改成并列结构或从句。 A. 现在分词与过去分词作状语现在分词与过去分词作状语1. 1. 表示时间（多置于句首，也可置于句末）。表示时间（多置于句首，也可置于句末）。2.

27、 2. 表示原因（多置于句首或句末，也可置于句表示原因（多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中）。中）。3. 3. 表示条件（多置于句首）。表示条件（多置于句首）。4. 4. 表示让步（多置于句首）。表示让步（多置于句首）。5. 5. 表示结果（多置于句末）表示结果（多置于句末） 。6. 6. 表示方式或伴随表示方式或伴随 （多置于句末）。（多置于句末）。 B. 不定式作状语不定式作状语不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因不定式作状语常用来表目的、结果或原因、程度、程度、条件等。（条件等。（just/onlyjust/only） She looked into the window, and want

28、ed to see what was going on inside. She looked into the window to see what was going on inside. She hurried to the airport, only to be told the movie star had gone away.注：表目的的不定式还常与注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或或in order连用，连用，构成构成so as (not) to do和和in order (not) to do 结构，其中结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。不能用于句首。

29、 To get there in time, we got up very early. = In order to get there in time, we got up very early. = We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time. Tom kept quiet about the accident so that he would not lose his job.=so as not to lose his job. 动名词在句中不能单独作状语，但它可以和动名词在句中不能单独作状语，但它可以和befo

30、re, after ,on, by, in ,without 等介词构成等介词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。例如：介词短语，在句中作状语。例如：C. 动名词作状语动名词作状语Without saying a word, he went away. On arriving in Beijing, he telephoned me.On coming in she laid a file of documents upon the table. 1._(know) that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky. 2. _(finish) t

31、he homework, the little girl doesnt dare to go to school. 3. _ (write)in simple English, the book is easy to read. 4. _ (become)a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at least a masters degree.Having knownNot having finished Written To become6. The visiting minister expressed his satisfa

32、ction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A having added B. to add C. adding D. added 7. _ up at his father, he asked what was the matter with him. A. Having looked B. Looking C. To look D. Look8. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Havin

33、g suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. SufferedCBA不定式不定式, ,现在分词现在分词与过去分词与过去分词作补足语的区别作补足语的区别: :不定式不定式: :强调被补足的宾语或主语的动作的全过程。强调被补足的宾语或主语的动作的全过程。过去分词过去分词: :强调被补足的宾语或主语所承受的动作。强调被补足的宾语或主语所承受的动作。 表被动或完成之意。表被动或完成之意。现在分词现在分词: :强调被补足的宾语或主语正进行的动作。强调被补足的宾语或主语正进行的动作。常见有以下几种用法：常见有以下几种用法：四、非谓语动词作补足语四、非谓语动词作补足语 1.

34、表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如表示感觉和心理状态的动词，如 hear, feel, find, give, listen to, look at, notice, observe, see, smell, watch 等词的句子中。（等词的句子中。（感官动词感官动词）2. 表示表示“致使致使”等意义的动词，如等意义的动词，如 catch, have, get, keep, leave, set 的句子中。（的句子中。（使役动词使役动词）3.with 引导的结构中引导的结构中1.She was glad to see her child well _ (take) care of. 2. We a

35、re pleased to see the problem _ (settle) so quickly. 3. I could feel the wind _ (blow)on my face from an open window. takensettledblowing4. With a lot of work _, he didnt go to the film. A. to be done B. to do C. doing D. having done5. He knocked against the table and sent the bowls _ in all directi

36、ons before _. A. flying; sent to sleep B. flying; sending to sleep C. to fly; to be sent to sleep D. to fly; sending sleeping BA五、五、 非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词作表语1. This book is really _. A. to entertain B. entertained C. entertaining 2. He grew more _ and a little _ when he got to the mysterious cave. A. exciti

37、ng; frightened B. exciting; frightening C. excited; frightened D. excited; frightening3. The main job of the ant queen is _ eggs. A. to lay B. laying C. lain D. laidCCB4. The boy was _, so I didnt believe him again. A. disappointing B. disappointed C. to disappoint 5. At the sight of the snake, the

38、little girl got _. A. to be frightened B. frightening C. frightenedAC现在分词现在分词(V+ing(V+ing) )作定语：表示所修饰名词正在作定语：表示所修饰名词正在进进行行的的, ,主动主动的动作的动作 。过去分词过去分词(V+ed)(V+ed)作定语：表示一个已经作定语：表示一个已经完成完成了的了的, ,被动被动的动作的动作 。不定式作定语：表示所修饰名词一个不定式作定语：表示所修饰名词一个过去过去或或将将来来的动作。的动作。动名词作定语：表示所修饰名词的动名词作定语：表示所修饰名词的用途用途。六、非谓语动词作定语六、非谓语动词作定语1.He found a good house _. A. living B. to live C. to live in D. living in2. The child has nothing _ . A. to worry about B. worrying about C. to worry D. to be worried about5. Have you got anything _ ? A. to be sent B. to sent C. sending D. being sentCAA