2022年高考英语近三年真题语法精讲精练专题名词性从句 .pdf
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1、学习好资料欢迎下载语法专题四名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、 宾语、 表语、 同位语等, 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。考点一whether 与 if whether 与 if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不能用if:1引导主语从句并在句首时。Whether the meeting will be held tomorrow has not been decided yet. 2引导表语从句和同位语从句时。We should
2、discuss carefully the question whether we can finish it on time. 3引导从句作介词宾语时。It all depends on whether they will lend us the money. 4从句后有“ or not”时。I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Beijing. 5后接动词不定式时。I dont know whether to go to the party. 考点二that,what 与 which 1that 引导名词性从句时,在从句中不充当任何句子
3、成分,只起连接作用, 也没有任何含义;that 引导的宾语从句一般不作介词的宾语(介词 but,except,besides,in 除外 )。That he failed the exam made me surprised.(主语从句, that 不充当从句成分) He is a good student except that he is a little careless. 2what 引导名词性从句时,其意义为“的人/物/数目等”,在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语。 作主语、宾语和表语时what 可以分解成“定语从句的先行词关系代词”,即常说的“先行词that”。Our income
4、 is now double what it was ten years ago.(what 指“的数目”) You will know what side effect the medicine brings about.(作定语,意思为“什么样的”) He lives in what we call “spring city ” (表示“的地方”) He lives in the place that we call “spring city ”You dont know what good students they are.( 表示“多么”,此为感叹句用于宾语从句中) 3which 引
5、导名词性从句,其意义为“哪一个”,可指人也可指物,是在已知的具体的人、事、物当中进行选择;引导定语从句时,只能当关系代词,在从句中作主语或宾语,且只能指物。Tell me which book you like better ,the red one or the blue one? I will buy the book which you choose for you. 4A is to B what C is to D “A 对于 B 就像 C 对于 D 一样”。Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气对于我们就像水对于鱼一样。精选学习资料 - - -
6、 - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 8 页学习好资料欢迎下载考点三whoever, who 与 no matter who 1whoever 有两个作用,一是相当于anyone who,引导名词性从句,可以理解为who 引导的定语从句修饰 anyone,因此表达的主体为“任何人”;二是相当于no matter who,引导让步状语从句。Whoever comes late should say sorry to our teacher.( 是“人”应该道歉) 2who 引导名词性从句时,有疑问语气,突出表达“谁”这一件事。引导定语从句时代替先行词在
7、从句中作主语或宾语。Who came late yesterday was unknown.( 是“谁迟到”这件事不知道,而不是不认识这个人) 3no matter who 只引导让步状语从句。No matter who you are ,youre welcome here. 考点四“疑问词ever”和“ no matter疑问词”1“疑问词 ever”可引导名词性从句,在从句中要充当一定的成分。还可引导让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the rule must be punished. However late he comes back,his wife will wait
8、for him. 2“ no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。No matter who breaks the rule ,he must be punished. 考点五that 引导宾语从句时的省略宾语从句中的连接词that 通常可以省略,但在以下几种情况中that 不能省略:1当从句前有插入语时,that 不可省略。We hope,on the contrary,that he will stay at home with us. 2当一个句子有两个或多个并列宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后的宾语从句中的that 不能省略。He said he was wrong and that
9、 he would say sorry to me. 3当 that 作介词宾语时,that 不可省略。The reason lies in that she works harder than the others. 4由 it 作形式宾语时,that 引导的宾语从句中,that 不可省略。I think it impossible that he can finish the task in such a short time. 考点六it 作形式主语的常见句型1It is名词 (no wonder,an honor,a good thing,a pity,no surprise 等 )从
10、句。It is no surprise that we will win the match. 2It is形容词 (obvious,true,natural,surprising,good, funny,possible,likely ,certain 等) 从句。It is certain that he will come. 3It be过去分词 (said,reported,thought,expected, decided,announced 等)从句。It is said that Mr Smith has arrived. 考点七doubt 后面的从句doubt 用于肯定句时,
11、其后的宾语从句用whether/if 引导, 同位语从句用whether 引导; 用于否定句时,宾语从句和同位语从句都用that 引导。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 8 页学习好资料欢迎下载There is no doubt that we will have an exam next week. I doubt whether/if Tom will recover. 1(2012 课标全国高考 )It is by no means clear_the president can do to end the stri
12、ke. Ahow Bwhich Cthat Dwhat 2(2012 北京高考 )Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently. Awhy Bhow Cthat Dwhether 3(2012 天津高考 )It doesnt matter _ you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park. Awhether Bhow Cif D when 4(2012 上海高考 )There
13、 is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness. Awhy Bwhich Cthat Dwhether 5(2012 上海高考 )Weve only got this small bookcase.Will that do? No, _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. Awho Bthat Cwhat Dwhich 6(2012 重庆高考 )Evidence has been found through years of st
14、udy _ childrens early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up. Awhy Bhow Cwhether Dthat 7(2012 安徽高考 )The limits of a persons intelligence ,generally speaking,are fixed at birth ,but _ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. Awhere Bwhether C that Dwhy 8(2012 福建高考 )
15、We promise _ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. Awho Bwhom Cwhoever Dwhomever 9 (2012 湖南高考 )Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesnt matter_ you have lived there for a short or a long time. Awhy Bhow Cwhether Dwhen 10(2012 江苏高考 )The notice came around two
16、 in the afternoon _ the meeting would be postponed. Awhen Bthat Cwhether Dhow 11(2012 江西高考 )It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office. Awhether Bwhere C which Dthat 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 8 页学习好资料欢迎下载12(2012 辽宁高考 )The newcomer went to the library
17、the other day and searched for _ he could find about Mark Twain. A wherever Bhowever Cwhatever Dwhichever 13(2012 山东高考 )It doesnt matter _ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. Ahow Bwhether Cwhat Dwhy 14 (2012 陕西高考 )As many as five courses are provided , and you are free to choose _ suits y
18、ou best. Awhatever Bwhichever Cwhenever Dwherever 15(2012 四川高考 )Scientists study_human brains work to make computers. Awhen Bhow C that Dwhether 16(2012 浙江高考 )I made a promise to myself _ this year ,my first year in high school , would be different. Awhether Bwhat Cthat Dhow 17(2011 北京高考 )_Barbara J
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