2022年过去完成时和虚拟语气讲解和练习 .pdf

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1、精品资料欢迎下载过去完成时注意： 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，动作发生的时间是过去的过去 .它是一个相对的时态，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较时才会用到。E.g. By the end of the match ，they had kicked two goals. We had already had lunch before we arrived there. 其结构是 had+ 过去分词 .它的否定句是在had 后边加 not，变一般疑问句是把had 提前 。E.g. I had reached the station before 9： 00 ocl

2、ock. I had not reached the station before 9：00 oclock. Had you reached the station before 9：00 oclock？它通常和before，by the end of 等引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。1. 由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态 都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1 ）by + 过去的时间点。如：I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （2 ）by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：We h

3、ad learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3 ）before + 过去的时间点。如：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由 “ 过去的过去” 来判定。过去完成时表示“ 过去的过去” ，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（1 ）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,

4、said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：She said that she had seen the film before. （2 ）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：After

5、he closed the door, he left the classroom. （ 3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本 ，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing. 单项选择1He asked me _ during

6、the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten 。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She

7、_lived here for _ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said sh

8、e _ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _. A. has completed university B. has completed

9、the university B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 用动

10、词的适当形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in. 2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die). 3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave). 4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive). 5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed. 6. P

11、aul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call. 虚拟语气虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If 1.动词过去式 (或 were) 2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形Should Would +动词原形could might If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall. If I were you, I wou

12、ld give up drinking immediately.二.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If 1. should+动词原形2. 动词过去式3、were to+动词原形Should Would +动词原形could might If you should lose, what would you do? If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her the truth. If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.三、与过去事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If had

13、+过去分词Should Would + have+过去分词could 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载might If I d known that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉 if 的条件从句结构：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句

14、而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing. (=If he were a true friend, he.)(=If there were no water,)(=If you hadn t helped me,)3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctor s advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.五、

15、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand, require, insist, urge, request, order, +that (should )+ 动词原形decide, ask, move, propose 等注意：在此结构中that 不可省略； should 省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking. 上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。He made a reques

16、t that they (should ) stop smoking. 如果 that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。He insists that he is right.2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that 引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：imperative, advisable, 动词完成式It is (was) + important, natural, necessary, +that (should) +essential, strange,等动词原形It is important that you (should

17、) follow the doctor s orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish 的用法动词过去式或were与现在事实相反主语 +wish(that)+ 主语+ 动词过去完成式与过去事实相反助动词过去试+动词原形 与将来事实相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer.) I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.) I w

18、ish they d let us get some sleep.注意： wish 与 hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope 表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish 表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1） We hope they will come,(We dont know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that) 引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：He ac

19、ts as if nothing had happened. I would rather you didn t tell him.5、It s (high) time that+动词过去式或should+动词原形 ，如：It s time (that) you had a hair cut.It s high time (that) we took some action.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载虚拟语气用在主语从句中It is demanded / necessary / a pity

20、+ that等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用should 加动词原形，should 可省略。It is 可用的词有三类that （should）do suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange 等a pity, a shame, no wonder 等虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) 动词原形。这类名词常见的有：ad

21、vice，suggestion，proposal（提议），order， demand， desire，request，requirement，recommendation（推荐），plan，resolution（决议）， idea 等。eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion ( should )be put off 虚拟语气用在表语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) 动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，orde

22、r， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation 以及 plan，idea，resolution 等。eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes. 虚拟语气用在定语从句中It is（about high）time that sb.did sth/should do sth. eg. Dont you think its about time we went home ？注：在 this is the first time second time that 句型

23、中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中1在带有even if/ even though 引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。2由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be 用

24、 were)或 “had 十过去分词” 。如 : He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样。3虚拟语气用在lest（唯恐、免得） ，for fear that 及 in case引导的目的状语从句中。在由 lest 等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“ 以防，以免 ” 等意思，其谓语动词多由should 动词原形构成，should 也可省略。eg. He was puni

25、shed lest he should make the same mistake again虚拟语气用情感语言中1虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。eg.You shouldnt have been following him so closely ；you should have kept your distance 2If only sb./sth. + 时态后退型的谓语eg. If only I had known the result of the examination. 虚拟语气专项练习1-Will you come to the party? -_ you

26、 also invite Blade. A. Why not B. Only if C. If not D. When 2If I _ you, I _ go there. A. is; will B. is; would C. were; would D. was; will 3If it rain tomorrow ， We ll go on a trip.A. isn t B. doesn t C. won t4I don t know if he _tomorrow.A. Will come B. comes C. came D. has come 5The headmaster wi

27、th his students Hangzhou Paradise Park if it tomorrow. A. is going to; isn t rainy B. are going to; isn t rainyC. is going to; won t rain D. are going to; doesn t rain6If I _ a million dollars, I would give it to medical research. A. will have B. have C. had D. am having 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归

28、纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载7If I _ you, I would say another student could do it better. A. was B. were C. were D. are 8What would you do if you the lottery? I give half of the money to charities. A. win, will B. win, would C. won, will D. won, would 9I am too busy now. If I_ free, I _to the

29、 cinema with you. A. am; will go B. am; would go C. were; would go D. was; was going 10What_ you do if you had a million dollars ? A. would B. will C. did D. do 11 I m going to Larry s party. But I don t know what to wear.If I _ you, I _ wear a dress. A. am; will B. were; will C. were; would D. am;

30、would 12If I _ you, I _ be afraid . Awas, wouldn t Bwere, won t Cwere, wouldn t 13 If I _Alice, I _them the truth. A. was , would tell B. were ,would tell C. am, will tell D. is , will tell 14- If I_ one million dollars, I would give it to medical research. -If I _ you, I would give it to charity. A

31、. will have, am B. would have, was C. had, were D. have, is 15If I _ you, I would _ my homework myself. A. was; did B. am; do C. were; do D. is; did Translation 翻译1. 我不知道他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。2. 他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。3.-如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？-会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共

32、8 页精品资料欢迎下载1. 单项选择1He asked me _A_ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What _D_ Jane _ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I _C_ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B.

33、was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She _A_lived here for _ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _A_ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she _D_ the princ

34、iple already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _B_ themselves _ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _D_. A. has completed university B. has completed the unive

35、rsity B. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books _C_ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _B_ to play _ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 2.用动词的适

36、当形式填空1. We _had painted_ (paint) the house before we moved_ (move) in. 2. That rich old man _had made_ (make) a will before he died(die). 3. They _had studyed_ (study) the map of the country before they _left_ (leave). 4. The robbers _had run away_ (run away ) before the policemen arrived (arrive).

37、5. I _turned off_ (turn off) all the lights before I _went_ (go) to bed. 6. Paul went (go) out with Jane after he _made _ (make) a phone call. 参考答案1B 【解析】略2C 【解析】本题考查虚拟语气，if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。从句用一般过去式，主句用过去将来时。句意：如果我是你的话，我会去那儿的。3B 【解析】这题考查时态的用法，if条件句中用一般现在时代替将来时，而且这里要填助动词的否定式，选B。4A 【解析】考查时态。tomorrow 为将

38、来的时间故用一般将来时态，所以选A。5A 【解析】考查主谓一致和if从句。 with 连接几个主语时，与第一个保持一致。排除B 、D；if条件句用一般现在时代替将来时，排除C。句意“如果不下雨，班主任和同学明天将要去杭州天堂公园。”故选 A。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载6C 【解析】这题考查if的非真实条件句的用法，如果和事实不符合，if条件句和主句要用虚拟语气，和现在的事实相反， if条件句用过去时，主句用would do，所以选C。句意是：如果我有1 百万美元，我会把它给医学研究。7B 【解

39、析】在if虚拟条件句中，be 用 were，故本题选B。8D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。If引导的条件状从指将来的情况，用过去式，should+do 或用 were to+do 结构；I give half of the money to charities.也是虚拟语气，省略了if条件状从，指将来，谓语用 would+do 。所以选D。9C 【解析】 C if从句用的是虚拟语气，与现实（很忙）相反时，虚拟语气用一般过去时，be 统一用 were，主句用 would do sth. 10A 【解析】考查点：虚拟语气。解题思路：根据句意: 如果你有一百万你将会干什么？“如果你有一百万”是对 现在的一

40、种假设，与现在的事实相反。表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气的结构是：主句用should/would/could/might+动词原形，从句用一般过去时态。故选A。11C 【解析】试题分析：根据题干，本句的意思应是“如果我是你，我将穿一件裙子。” “我”是不可能成为“你”，所以本句是一个虚拟语气。对于虚拟语气，从句应该用过去式（be 动词，不论是第几人称，都用were） ，主句用 would do 。所以本题选C。考点：本题考查虚拟语气。点评：完成本题时注意区分虚拟语气和if引导的条件状语从句。虚拟语气是不可能发生的，是一种假设情况；而if引导的条件状语从句，是有可能发生的。如果不明白这两者的区别，

41、就比较容易发错。12C 【解析】试题分析：根据语境可知此句的含义是如果我是你，我就不害怕。考查的是虚拟语气的基本用法。条件用过去时，主句要用过去将来时，故选C。考点：虚拟语气点评：虚拟语气其实就是if引导条件状语从句时，词义为“如果”，不过这个条件是无法实现的。从句中的谓语动词通常用一般过去时表示，则主句中的谓语动词用过去将来时。13B 【解析】试题分析：本题的含义是如果我是你，我将告诉他们真相，本题if引导的是一个虚拟的条件句，在虚拟句中， be 用 were，主句通常用过去的一种，will应该用 would ，故本题选B。考点： if引导的虚拟条件句。点评：在英文中条件句有两种，一种是真实

42、的条件句，if后遇到将来时用一般现在时，一种是虚拟的条件句， if后用过去时， be 用 were，在英文的实际使用中应该注意它们的区别。【答案】 C 【解析】考察虚拟语气。第一空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时。第二空，虚拟语气，与现在相反，用过去时， be 动词用 were。故选 C 15 C 【解析】本题考查的虚拟语气，从句be 动词用 were，故选答案为C 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页精品资料欢迎下载1I didnt know his telephone number, otherwise I would have telephoned him. 2He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy. 3- Would you have called her up had it been possible? - Yes, but I were busy doing my homework. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页