2022年高考英语一轮复习语法专题第三部分句法篇专题名词性从句素材外研 .pdf
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1、学习好资料欢迎下载专题 2 名词性从句名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句) 中连接词的运用名词性从 句中的连接词 有从属连词that/whether/if,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。1that 的用法。(1) 主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。That they are good at English is known to us all. The problem is that
2、we dont have enough money.The report that there will be a severe storm in the northern area is false. (2) 一般情况下,宾语从句中的引导词that可省略,但在以下几种情况中that一般不省略:(A) 当 that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入语时;(B) 有多个 that引导的从句时, 第一个 that可以省略,而其他的that 常不可省略;(C) 介词 except ,but ,besides ,in 等后跟 that引导的宾语从句时;(D) 当 when,who,what,where,w
3、hy,how等引导的从句与that 引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。He judged that,because he was a child,he did not understand wine. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. (3)that和 what 的区别。that 引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不担当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what 引导名词性从句时, 在主从句中都要充当一定
4、的句子成分,what 可以分解成定语从句中的“先行词关系代词”,即常说的“先行词that/which/who”。It s a shame that he has made such a mistake.I will do what I can (do) to help him. (4) 同位语从句与定语从句中that 的区别。同位语从句中的连接词that 只起连接作用, 在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that 在句中作宾语或主语,与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连接词 that而不能用which 。同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释说明名词的含义或内容
5、, 如以下名词: news,fact ,suggestion,truth ,plan ,belief,doubt ,possibility,idea 等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 10 页学习好资料欢迎下载The hope that they expressed is that they would come to visit Ch
6、ina again.(定语从句) 2whether 和 if的用法。(1)whether和 if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether 。It all depends on whether they will come back. (2) 后面直接跟or not 时用 whether 。I didn t know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.(3) 主语从句、表语从句中只能用whether 。Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet. Th
7、e question is whether they have so much money. (4)whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if则不能。We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not. (5)whether常与 or 连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用; whether 也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。The question of whether they are male or female is not important. I have not decided
8、 whether to go or not. (6) 间接宾语位于句首时或者间接宾语提前时用whether 不用 if 。Thank you ,but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.(7)whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。Whether he comes or not,we will begin our party on time. 3“疑问词 ever”和“ no matter 疑问词”的区别。(1) “疑问词 ever”可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的成分。Whoever break
9、s the rule must be punished. You can choose whatever you like in the shop. (2) “疑问词 ever”还可引导让步状语从句。Whoever breaks the rule,he must be punished. Whatever you do,you must do it well. (3) “no matter 疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。No matter what you do,you must put your heart into it. No matter who comes late,he must
10、be punished. 4when和 where 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和 where 前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词, 则 when和 where 引导的是定语从句,否则为同位语从句。They put forward the question where they could get the money.(同位语从句 ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 10 页学习好资料欢迎下载This is the place where the accident happened.(定语从句 ) 主语从
11、句的核心考点1主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2 that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语, that不可省; what 引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语; whatever ,whoever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。That she will succeed is certain. It is certain that she will succeed.What he needs is more experience. 常见的 it替代 that引导的主语从句的句式主要有以下几种:(1)It系动词
12、形容词(necessary , right , likely, unlikely, wrong, important, certain,clear ,obvious ,strange ,normal 等) that从句It is certain that most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means. (2)Itbe名词 ( 短语 )(a pity,a shame,good news,a fact,an honour ,a wonder ,no wonder 等) that 从句It s no wonder that y
13、ouve achieved so much success.(3)Itbe过去分词 (said , told , heard , reported, decided , suggested , advised , ordered ,remembered,thought ,considered ,well-known , announced 等) that从句It is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment. (4)It特殊动词 (seem,appear ,happen,matte
14、r) that从句It happened to me that I had been away when he called. 注意: (1) 在“It is necessary/important/strange/natural.that从句”结构中,从句谓语常用“ (should ) 动词原形”形式。(2) 在“It be suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required.that从句”结构中,that从句谓语应用“ (should ) 动词原形”。宾语从句的核心考点1动词的宾语从句(1) 大多数动词 (hope, tell,say
15、 等) 可以带宾语从句。We all expect that they will win, for members of their team are stronger. I don t think you are right. I don t suppose he cares,does he? (2) 动词find ,feel , think , consider ,make,believe等后有宾语补足语时,则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 10 页学习好资料欢迎下载I t
16、hink it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. (3) 有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it 。这类动词 ( 短语 ) 有 hate ,enjoy ,like ,love ,dislike,see to等。I hate it when they talk with their mouths full. 2一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club. 注意: (1)where引
17、导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。We could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived. (2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的,只有在except ,in ,but 等介词后偶尔可能用到。Your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose. (3)sure ,certain,glad ,pleased ,happy,surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。I m sure that they will make
18、 it in spite of the terrible weather.表语从句的核心考点1主句的主语是idea ,advice ,suggestion ,order ,request ,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气,即“(should ) 动词原形”的形式。His suggestion is that we (should) change our course. 2主语为名词reason 时,表语从句中的连接词要用that ,而不用why或 because。The reason for such a serious accident is that the d
19、river was too careless and drank too much. 3because,as if,as though ,as, like等连接词也可引导表语从句。He has lung disease.That is because he has been smoking too much. 同位语从句的核心考点同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词的内容的从句。1 能接同位语从句的名词有:belief, fact , hope, idea , doubt , news, conclusion, suggestion ,problem ,order ,answer,decision
20、 , explanation,information,thought等。2 同位语从句一般用that引导,但也可以用连接代词(what ,which ,who)、连接副词 (when,where,why,how)或 whether 引导。I have no idea what has happened to him. 3有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后,而是被别的词隔开。The story goes that William Tell did kill the king with that sword. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - -
21、- - -第 4 页,共 10 页学习好资料欢迎下载名词性从句与语法填空在语法填空题中主要考查名词性从句中的连接词。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,其连接词一般不可省略( 宾语从句中的that 可省略 ) 。典题试做1在空白处填入适当的连接词1As natural architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.(2015全国)答案how 解析分析句子结构可知,这是一个宾语从句。
22、根据形容词thick及结构可知这里的意思是印第安人要算出土坯墙的确切厚度。故填how。2I didn t understand this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.(2014广东) 答案why 解析考查宾语从句中的连接词。“我”不知道 / 不明白会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因,故用why引导。3 is important is that we let others know we care about them.(2012湖南) 答案What 解析设空处引导主语
23、从句且在从句中充当主语,应用what。4Over the next several months,my professor taught me one story was so much better than the other.One was rich in metaphor(隐喻 ) and character development,while the other was humorous but too shallow.(2011湖南) 答案why 解析考查宾语从句中的连接词。根据后句可知,“我的教授教给我为什么一个故事比另一个更好的原因”,故填why。5For one thing,
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