2022年高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集形容词 .pdf

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1、2008 高考英语第二轮复习经典语法讲解及试题集（04）形容词、副词要点 1 几个形容词修饰一个名词时的语序当同时用几个形容词来修饰一个名词时，一般可按照以下顺序：限定词 - 描绘性形容词- 大小、 新旧、式样 - 颜色 - 产地 (国别 )- 作定语的名词- 被修饰名词。如：some lovely Chinese children一些可爱的中国儿童(限定词 - 描绘性形容词 - 国别 )a small black leather handbag一个小的黑色皮包(大小 - 颜色 - 作定语的名词表示材料)a red German sports car一辆红色的德国赛车(颜色 - 国别 - 作定

2、语的名词表示用途)a small old stone bridge一座老的小石桥(大小 - 新旧 - 作定语的名词)注意：限定词放在最前面，作定语的名词紧靠被修饰词；同种类的形容词，短在前、长在后，序数词放在基数词之前。如：the first two books 最初两本书但是，这里所讲的语序并不是一成不变的。要点 2 需放在被修饰语之后的形容词形容词作定语， 一般放在名词的前面。但如果被修饰语是由some, any, every和 no 构成的不定代词时，用作定语的形容词必须放在它所修饰的词后面，如：There is nothing new in his report. 他的报告里没有什么新

3、东西。Is there anything important? 有什么重要的事情吗?He told me something very important. 他告诉我一些很重要的事。There is nothing wrong with him. 他没有错。So far nobody important has visited this place. 到目前为止，还没有重要人物来这儿看过。注意：英语中有些形容词一般只能作表语，不能放在名词前作定语，如以 a-开头的形容词，afraid, asleep, alone, awake, alive。另外， ill, glad, sorry, sure

4、, well也不能放在名词前作定语。注意：sick( 患病 )与 ill 不同， sick 既可以作表语也可以作定语而ill 则不能，试比较：These children are ill/sick. 这些孩子病了。The nurse is taking care of the sick children. 护士正在照料患病的孩子们。(不能用 ill) 另外，在度量衡用语中，形容词通常放在度量单位之后。例如：Im 1.80 metres tall. 我身高 1.80 米。The room is 32 feet wide. 这间房子有32 英尺宽。要点 3 三种要求形容词作表语的系动词形容词除与系

5、动词be 连用作表语外，还可以与其他一些系动词连用。1) 表示一种特征、状态、感觉的系动词，如：appear( 显得 )，look( 看似 )，seem( 似乎 )，feel(觉得 )，taste( 尝)，smell( 闻)，sound( 听 )。The meat tastes good. 这肉味道好。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 15 页He doesnt seem happy. 他似乎不高兴。Im not feeling well today. 我今天不舒服。(well 用作形容词做表语只能表示身体好)2) 表示状

6、态转变的系动词，意为变得 、变成 ， 如： become, get, grow, turn等。Its getting(growing) dark. 天渐渐地黑了。The hill has turned green. 山变绿了。3) 表示保持某种状态的系动词，如： remain( 仍然是 )，keep( 保持 )等。The problem remains unsolved. 问题仍然未解决。Keep quiet, please! 请安静 !要点 4 某些以 -ly 结尾的形容词英语中有一些以-ly 结尾的形容词，不要误以为是副词。deadly 致命的friendly 友好的lonely 孤单的l

7、ikely 可能的lovely 可爱的lively 愉快的brotherly 兄弟般的fatherly 父亲似的ugly 难看的silly 愚蠢的还有一些与时间有关的词，虽以-ly 结尾，但既可以用作形容词又可以用作副词，如：daily 每日 (的) weekly 每周一次 (的)monthly 每月一次 (的 ) yearly 每年一次 (的)要点 5 名词用作形容词1) 名词用来作定语修饰另一个名词时，相当于一个形容词，如：ticket office 售票处book store 书店traffic accident 交通事故table leg 桌子腿2) 名词用作形容词修饰另一名词时，一般

8、都用单数形式，而且总是放在被修饰的名词之前。如：shoe repairers 修鞋人ring finger 无名指wine glass 酒杯cigarette lighter 打火机也有一些是例外，如：sports car 赛车clothes shop 服装店arms production 武器生产注意：名词作定语与形容词作定语意思相差较大。gold ring 金戒指golden ring 镀金 (金黄色 )戒指stone wall 石墙stony heart 铁石心肠colour TV set 彩色电视机colourful life 多彩的生活要点 6 带有数字的复合形容词当复合形容词用连字

9、号连接时，其中的名词用单数形式。主要有两种结构：1) 数词 +名词。a three-hour flight 一次三小时的飞行精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 15 页a three-pound chicken 一个重三磅的鸡a two-hundred-metre bridge 一座二百米长的桥a five-hundred-word letter 一封五百字的信2) 数词 +名词 +形容词。a three-year-old boy 一个三岁的男孩a fifty-metre-wide river 一条五十米宽河要点 7 同形的

10、副词和形容词fast train 快车hard workers 干活卖力的工人run fast 跑得快work hard 干活卖力，工作努力right answer 正确的回答enough food 足够的食物do everything right 样样事情做得对large enough 足够大in the late afternoon 傍晚in the early morning 一大早work late 工作得晚come early 来得早其他如 straight, wide, high, low也都能用作形容词和副词。例如：He drew a straight line on the p

11、aper. 他在纸上划了一条直线。He went straight to the room. 他径直朝那房子走去。要点 8 具有两种形式的副词英语中有些副词有两种形式，但其意义不同。The station is quite near. 车站就在附近。(near 用作形容词 ) He lives near. 他就住在附近。(near 用作副词 ) Its nearly nine oclock. 将近九点钟了。(nearly 用作副词，但其含义是：将近、几乎) The cake is hard. 这蛋糕太硬。(用作形容词 ) The test is hard. 测验太难。He is a hard

12、worker. 他是一个干活卖力的工人。We all work hard. 我们都努力工作。(hard 用作副词 )I can hardly understand you. 我不太懂你的意思。意为：几乎不There was hardly a cloud in the sky. 天空几乎没有云彩。He is late. 他迟到了。 (late 用作形容词 )He went to bed late last night. 他昨晚很晚才睡觉。(late 用作副词 )Have you seen her lately? 你最近看见过她吗?(lately 意为：最近 )注意：除上述几个词外，英语中还有一些

13、具有两种形式的副词。如：deep 深-deeply 深深地high 高-highly 高度地wide 宽-widely 广泛地He jumps higher than I. 他比我跳得高。We think highly of our teacher. 我们对我们的老师评价很高。He opened all the windows wide to let the fresh air in. 他把所有的窗户开得很大，好让新鲜空气进来。She is widely known in China. 她在中国的知名度很高。要点 9 形容词比较级和最高级的构成1) 单音节形容词加-er 和 -est 构成其比

14、较级和最高级。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 15 页strong-stronger-the strongestnew-newer-the newest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er 和-est 。如： big-bigger-biggest，hot-hotter-hottest，thin-thinner-thinnest。2) 三音节或三音节以上的形容词前加more 和 most ，构成其比较级和最高级。interesting-more interesting-the most i

15、nterestingimportant-more important-the most important3) 双音节形容词中，一般以-y,-er, -ow, -ple等结尾的词加-er, -est 。pretty-prettier-the prettiest 漂亮的clever-cleverer-the cleverest 聪明的simple-simpler-the simplest 简单的narrow-narrower-the narrowest 狭窄的常用的词有：easy( 容易 )，lazy( 懒)， happy( 快乐的 )，funny( 有趣的 )。4) 以-ful, -ing结尾

16、的双音节词一般加more/most。doubtful-more doubtful-the most doubtful 注意：英语中，有些双音节形容词可以加more/most ，也可以加 -er，-est 构成比较级和最高级，常见的词有： friendly, clever, narrow, common。要点 10 副词比较级和最高级的构成1) 副词比较级和最高级形式通常由加more 和 most构成。 例如：quickly-more quickly-most quickly slowly-more slowly-most slowly 2) 与形容词同形的副词，其构成方式与相应的形容词相同。例

17、如：fast-faster-fastesthard-harder-hardestearly-earlier-earliest要点 11 少数形容词和副词的比较级、最高级是不规则的。原级比较级最高级good/well - better - best bad/ill/badly - worse - worst many/much - more - most little - less - least 要点 12 同等程度比较的要点1) as as 之间一定要用形容词或副词原形，如：I am as old as you. 我和你年龄一样大。Tom works as hard as Mary. 汤姆和

18、玛丽工作一样努力。注意： asas 可用 almost, quite, just, just about, nearly, twice, by no means(根本 )修饰，置于as as之前。2) so 用以替代第一个as 时，只能用于否定句，如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 15 页John is not as/so clever as Jack. 约翰不像杰克那样聪明。He doesnt read as/so clearly as she. 他读得不像她那样清楚。She didnt sing as/so wel

19、l that night as she usually does. 她那天晚上唱得没有平时好。3) as much+不可数名词 +as ，而 as many+ 可数名词复数+as 。Bob has read as many books as Mary. 鲍伯和玛丽读了一样多的书。There is as much water in this bottle as in that bottle. 这瓶子里的水和那瓶子里的水一样多。4)as+adj.+不定冠词 +可数名词单数 +as German is as difficult a language as English. as+adj.+ 不可数名

20、词 +as Bread is as important food as rice. 要点 13 不同程度比较的要点1) 要用 比较级 +than 的结构。I am taller than Tom(is). 我比汤姆高。Mary works harder than John(does). 玛丽比约翰工作努力。This city is more beautiful than that(city). 这城市比那城市更美丽。You look younger than before. 你看起来比以前年轻。2) 比较级前可用much, far, a lot, a little, a bit, rather

21、，even, still, a great deal等表示程度，但比较级前不能再用more 。She sings far/much better than the others. 她唱得比别人好得多。 (better 本身就是比较级，不能用far/much more better)Your book is far/much more interesting than his. 你 的书要比他的书有趣得多。(其中 more interesting是比较级， far/much 用以修饰more interesting表示程度 ) Now I read a little faster than be

22、fore. 现在我读得比过去稍快一点。表示不同程度比较时，句子主语不能包括在比较对象的范围之内。any other student anyone else all the other students any of the other students 他比班上其他学生学习用功。(他本身也是学生不能用any students来表示比较对象的范围) 注意： any other 加可数名词单数，all the other加可数名词复数。试比较：The moon is closer to us than any star/stars.月亮距离我们比任何恒星都近。(月亮不是恒星，因此用 any sta

23、r/stars并没有把主语包括在比较对象的范围之内) China is larger than any country/countries in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何国家大。China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个国家都大。(中国是亚洲国家之一，因而不能用any country/countries) 3) 比较的对象要一致，一般说来同等的两个事物才能比较，如：Toms bike is more expensive than Jims (=Jims bike). 汤姆的自行车比吉姆的贵。精选学习资料 - -

24、- - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 15 页The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai. 北京的天气比上海冷。 (that 指代天气 ) His English is better than anyone elses in his class. 他的英语比班上其他人的都好。4) 英语中往往用that/those或 the/that one/the ones代替上文提及的同等部分。但如果比较的事物是不可数名词，用that 不能用 the one/the ones/those。The

25、water in the glass is cleaner than that in the river.杯子里的水比河里的水清。(water 为不可数名词，用that)I like these pictures better than those/the ones on the wall.我喜欢这些画胜过墙上那些。(those,the ones指代可数名词复数)The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a cat.兔子的耳朵比猫长。(与 of 短语一起用时，不能用the ones)Your ruler is longer than that/

26、that one/the one on the desk.你的尺比桌上的尺长。(that/that one/the one指代可数名词单数)5) 两者之间的比较不能用最高级。Who is more honest, Tom or Susan? 汤姆和苏珊两个人谁更诚实?注意： 比较级范围是由of 引出两者之间的比较，比较级前要用定冠词。He is the taller of the two. 两人中他高一点。要点 14 有些以 -ior 结尾的形容词本身就含有比较的意思以-ior 结尾的形容词，不用比较级 +than 来表示比较，而是要用原级 +to。常用的词有：superior( 优于)，in

27、ferior( 次于 )，junior( 年少的 )，senior( 较年长的，较高级别的)。He is inferior to you in all respects. 他各方面都不如你。This engine is superior in many respects to that. 这台发动机在很多方面比那一台要好。要点 15 最高级的用法1) 三者 (或三者以上 )的比较才能用最高级。Mary is the tallest girl in her class/of the three. 玛丽是她班上(三个里面 )个子最高的女孩。Bill reads most clearly of al

28、l the students. 在所有这些学生中，比尔读得最清楚。2) 形容词最高级要加the 。Theyre the biggest animals in the world. 它们是世界上最大的动物。Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. 上海是世界最大城市之一。 (one of the+ 形容词最高级 +名词复数表示最 之一 ) He is one of the tallest students in the class. 他是班上个子最高的学生之一。It is the second tallest building in

29、the world. 它是世界上第二高的建筑物。注意：如不表示比较，也没有表示比较范围的状语，最高级前不用t he 时，作 十分 、非常 解。It is a most useful tool. 这是一种非常有用的工具。He is a brightest student. 他是一个非常聪明的学生。注意：最高级可用by far, easily, nearly ,by no means,序数词等修饰，置于最高级之前。He is the second tallest boy in our class. 注意：要点 16 几个特殊的比较结构1) the+ 比较级 ，the+ 比较级 结构，意为 越 ，越

30、 ，表示程度的平行增长， 如：The higher the temperature(is),the greater is the pressure.(=the greater the pressure is.)精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 15 页温度越高，压力就越大。The older he gets, the wiser he becomes. 他越长越聪明。The bigger, the better. 越大越好。2) 比较级 +and+ 比较级 结构，意为 越来越 ，表示程度逐渐增长，如：Our life is

31、 getting better and better. 我们的生活越来越好。Our country has become stronger and stronger. 我们的国家越来越强大了。He is running faster and faster. 他越跑越快。注意：当形容词需加上more 变为比较级时，表示越来越 ， 需用more and more+形容词原形的结构。Shanghai is becoming more and more beautiful. 上海变得越来越美丽。More and more people give up smoking. 越来越多的人戒烟。3) 倍数词

32、+as+ 原级 +as 构成倍数比较结构。This TV set costs twice as much as that one. 这架电视机的价格是那架电视机的两倍。The truck is 3.5 times as heavy as that minibus. 这辆卡车有那辆小客车的三倍半重。表示倍数也可以用以下的结构：The rice output of this region is about four times that of 1957. 这个地区的大米产量相当于1957 年的 4 倍。4) 大三岁 ，长两米 要用 数量词 +比较级 来表示 ，如：He is three years

33、 older than I. 他比我大三岁。This river is 100 meters longer than that one. 这条河比那条河长100 米。5）as as 的比喻结构，此结构表示像 一样（那样）Its as cold as ice in here. 这儿冷得像冰窖。Its as dark as night in this room. 这屋子简直就像晚上一样黑。常见的比喻结构有：as free as a bird,as hungry as a wolf,as strong as a horse,as clever as a fox,as busy as a bee6）m

34、ore than和 less than，这 2 个固定词组分别表示多于 和少于 ，如：There are more than three hundred pupils in the school. 这个学校有300 多个学生。They finished the work in less than a year. 他们不到一年就完成了这项工作。7）no more than和 no less than也是固定词组，分别表示只不过 和有 之多 、多达 。（带有感情色彩）I have no more than ten dollars. 我只有 10 块钱。（有嫌少的意思）In our school t

35、here are no less than 250 teachers. 我们学校里的教师有250 位之多。（有够多了的含义）8）not more than和 not less than，not more than(=at most)表示 不多于 、至多 ，not less than(=at least)表示 不少于 、至少 。（表示客观事情）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 15 页The experiment was done by not more than 5 persons. 做这个试验的人不到5 个。There

36、were not less than one hundred people at the meeting. 到会的至少有100 人。要点 17 貌似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语英语中有些看似是同等程度的比较结构，实际上它们是一些固定的习惯用语/ 1) as long as 只要；有 之久I will work as long as Ilive. 只要活着，我就要工作。He has been ill as long as five years. 他已经病了5 年之久。2) as far as 到 地点；就 而言I will go with you as far as the next bu

37、s stop. 我将和你一起走到下一个车站。As far as I know,he is a reliable person. 就我所知，他是一个可靠的人。3) as high as 高达 程度The average cost of one day in a hospital in that country can run as high as 0. 在那个国家里一天的平均住院费用可高达400 美元。4) as soon as 一 就I will ting you up as soon as I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。5）as well as 既 又He has exp

38、erience as well as knowledge.他既有知识又又经验。（注意此句翻译的顺序）要点 18 表示相似、类同的几种方法1）主语alike/the same/similar The two brothers are very much alike. 兄弟俩非常相像。The two books are the same. 这两本书是一样的。The methods used by the three teachers are similar. 这三位教师使用的方法相类似。the same as 2) 主语 +be+ similar to + 名词 (代词 ) like Johns

39、hat is very much like mine in style/size. 约翰的帽子的款式(尺寸 )很像我的。Your opinion is similar to ours in many ways. 你的观点在许多方面与我们相似。The price is the same as last year. 这价格与去年相同。age 3)主语 +be+the same size +as+名词 (代词 ) colour/weight The suitcase is the same size as that one. 这衣箱与那个一样大小。He is the same age as his

40、wife. 他与他的妻子同年。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 15 页4) 在以上句型中，也可常用动词look 来替代 be 动词。The pen looks like mine. 这笔看上去像我的。The two houses look alike. 这两幢房子看上去相似。要点 19 表示相异、不同1) differ from 与 不同。Nylon differs from silk in cost. 尼龙和丝绸在成本方面不同。2) be different from 与 不同。Their house is diffe

41、rent from ours in style. 他们的房子风格跟我们的不同。3) unlike 不同，不像。My son is unlike me in every respect. 我的儿子没有一处像我。要点 20 无比较级，最高级的词circular,silent,east,empty,false,first,golden,matchless,perfect,right，round,square,true,unique(独一无二的 )， wrong ，absolute （绝对的），sheer （彻底的）， mere （纯粹的），atomic （原子的），solar（太阳的），daily

42、，monthly ，yearly ，physical ，wooden 练习、形容词和副词高考题选：1. John has three sisters. Mary is the _ of the three. (MET88) A. most cleverest B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer 2. The students are_ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88) A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most 3. She tol

43、d us _story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88) A. such an interesting B. such interesting a C. so an interesting D. a so interesting 4. It is impossible for so_ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88) A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many 5. The horse is getting ol

44、d and cant run _ it did. (MET88) A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as 6. The story sounds_ . (MET89) A. to be true B. as true C. being true D. true 7. Id been expecting _ letters the whole morning, but there werent _ for me. (MET89) A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D.

45、a few; none 8. This year they have produced _ grain _ they did last year. (MET89) A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than 9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90) A. as twice many B. as many twice 精选学习资料 - - - -

46、- - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 15 页C. twice as many D. twice many as 10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but_ . (MET90) A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as better C. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good 11. -Can I help you? -Well, Im afraid the box is_ heavy fo

47、r you, but thank you all the same. (MET90) A. so B. much C. very D. too 12.-Excuse me, is this Mr. Browns office? -Im sorry, but Mr. Brown _ works here. He left about three weeks ago. (MET90) A. not now B. no more C. not still D. no longer 13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job

48、better with _ money and _ people. (MET90) A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less 14. Oh, John. _ you gave me! (MET90) A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise 15. -How did you find your visit to museum? -I thorough

49、ly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected. (MET91) A. far more interesting B. even much interesting C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting 16. Canada is larger than _ country in Asia. (NMET91) A. any B. any other C. other D. another 17. Those oranges taste_ . (MET91) A. good B. well C. to be

50、 good D. to be well 18. The experiment was _ easier than we had expected. (NMET91) A. more B. much more C. much D. more much 19. _ food youve cooked! (NMET91 ) A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice 20. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. (MET92) A. there B. where C. there where