2020届高考英语江苏省二轮复习训练题：第三篇 考前20天 阅读理解B专练5篇 .docx

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1、阅读理解B专练5篇Passage 1(2017江苏,B)Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mothers voice from that of a female stranger. But When it comes to embryonic learning(胎教), birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk:Ornithologic

2、al Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even before they hatch(孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their moms call within a few days of entering the world.This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Austr

3、alia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched,the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothersa sound that served as their regular“feed me!”call.To find out if the special

4、quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of

5、 notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies begging calls.

6、In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their moms voice were rewarded with the most food.This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological(神经系统的)strengths of children to parents. An evolutionar

7、y inference can then be drawn.“As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?”Kleindorfer asks.“Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.”1.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means“”.A.be the worstB.be the bestC.be just as badD.be jus

8、t as good2.What are Kleindorfers findings based on?A.Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.B.The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.C.The data collected from Queenslands locals.D.Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.3.Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify

9、the baby birds which.A.can receive quality signalsB.are in need of trainingC.fit the environment betterD.make the loudest call答案语篇解读本文是一篇科普类说明文。我们都知道母亲在怀孕期间对小宝宝进行胎教,但是你知道鸟类也会给自己还未孵化出的小宝宝进行胎教吗?请看澳大利亚生物学家的研究成果吧。1.B语词猜测题。根据画线部分后面的描述:一些鸟类在小鸟孵化出来前就开始教它们唱歌了,小鸟孵化出来后几天就能模仿自己母亲的叫声。由此推断出小鸟在这方面做得最棒,所以答案为B项。2.A

10、推理判断题。根据第三段中的最后一句话可知,他们把雏鸟的叫声和母亲的叫声进行对比,根据相似度进行排名,由此可知他们的发现是以母亲和雏鸟叫声的相似度为依据的,所以答案为A项。3.C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知答案为C项。Passage 2(2018江苏,B)In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consomm. Although the main attraction was the soup, Rozes chain shops also se

11、t a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Take visual hints that influence what we eat:diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) wh

12、en their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldnt tell how much theyd had:those given extra-large sh

13、ares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiserthey didnt feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.

14、One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round:put on some Mozart (莫扎特). When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out. Particular scents also have an effect:diners who got the scent of lavender (薰衣草) stayed longer and spent m

15、ore than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending“bad”tables, crowding, high pricesdont necessarily. Diners at bad tablesnext to the kitchen door, sayspent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers n

16、eed not “be overly concerned about badtables,”given that theyre profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurants reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffets price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.1.The underli

17、ned phrase “none the wiser” in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .A.not aware of eating more than usualB.not willing to share food with othersC.not conscious of the food qualityD.not fond of the food provided2.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?A.Playing classical

18、music.B.Introducing lemon scent.C.Making the light brighter.D.Using plates of larger size.3.What does the last paragraph talk about?A.Tips to attract more customers.B.Problems restaurants are faced with.C.Ways to improve restaurants reputation.D.Common misunderstandings about restaurants.答案语篇解读本文是一篇

19、说明文。现在大量的研究发现颜色的搭配、光线、音乐、气味都会影响顾客在餐馆的消费。1.A词义猜测题。画线短语前提到“在光线暗的地方吃饭,顾客无法判断已经吃了多少东西。被给了超大份食物的顾客会比其他人吃得多”, 画线短语后提到“他们并没有感觉到吃得更饱”,再根据连词but的提示可推断,画线短语的意思为“没有意识到比平常吃得更多”,故选A项。2.A推理判断题。根据题干中的a fine dining shop直接定位到第四段第二句(和快餐店不同,好的饭店更愿意顾客能待久一些并进行消费),然后根据第三句可知,鼓励顾客留下来多点餐的方法之一是播放莫扎特的音乐。由此推断,好的饭店通过播放经典音乐使顾客留下来

20、多点餐,从而赚取更多利润,故选A项。3.D主旨大意题。根据段落主题句确定段落主旨是最常用的方法。分析最后一段可知,本段第一句是本段主题句(同时,你可能以为会导致顾客减少消费的一些因素不好的餐桌位置、拥挤的环境和价格高都未必是对的),由此确定答案为D项。Passage 3(2016江苏,B)Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings,

21、 they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.In the laboratory, chimps dont naturally share food either. If a chimp is p

22、ut in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage, he will pull at randomhe just doesnt care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.Human children, on the other hand, are

23、 naturally cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 mont

24、hs see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught,but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age befor

25、e most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills, at least when compared with chimps.

26、In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what childrens minds have and chimps dont is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is th

27、at they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.1.What can we learn from the experiment with chimps?A.Chimps seldom care about

28、 others interests.B.Chimps tend to provide food for their children.C.Chimps like to take in their neighbors food.D.Chimps naturally share food with each other.2.Michael Tomasellos tests on young children indicate that they.A.have the instinct to help othersB.know how to offer help to adultsC.know th

29、e world better than chimpsD.trust adults with their hands full3.The passage is mainly about .A.the helping behaviors of young childrenB.ways to train childrens shared intentionalityC.cooperation as a distinctive human natureD.the development of intelligence in children答案语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。很小的孩子就会帮助别人,与人合作

30、和分享,这是人的本性。1.A细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的实验得知黑猩猩不关心、不在乎同类。故A项正确。其中C项干扰性较大,黑猩猩只是自私,而不是喜欢那么做。2.A推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一、二句得知小孩帮助他人是出于本能,故A项正确。B项太片面;C、D两项文中没提到。3.C主旨要义题。通读全文可知,作者通过对黑猩猩和小孩进行实验证实了助人、与别人合作是人独有的本能。A项干扰性较大,文章不是简单地介绍了小孩子的助人行为。Passage 4(2015江苏,B)In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown

31、away each year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss stu

32、dy reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poiso

33、nous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more w

34、aste material,up to 100 times more,than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone,and imagine the mines that produced those metals,the factories needed to make the box and packaging (包装)it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well

35、.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “ the production,distribution,and use of productsas well as management of the resulting wasteall result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the startfor ins

36、tance,buying reusable products and recycling.In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products,would they reduce the pa

37、ckaging in the first place?Governments incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why,they ask,should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governments poin

38、t of view,a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.1.By mentioning the Swiss study,the author intends to tell us that. A.the weight of e

39、-goods is rather smallB.e-waste deserves to be made good use ofC.natural minerals contain more precious metalsD.the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste2. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended.A.from producers to governmentsB.from governments to producersC.from indi

40、viduals to distributorsD.from distributors to governments3.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.The increase in e-waste.B.The creation of e-waste. C.The seriousness of e-waste.D.The management of e-waste.答案语篇解读本文为说明文,题材为环境保护类。随着电子数码科技的进步,越来越多的电子垃圾产生了,手机、电脑、个人电子器件等被扔掉的越来越多。这些被扔掉的电子垃圾中含有一些像金银之类的贵

41、重金属,当然也有很多有毒物质。那我们该如何处理这些电子垃圾呢?1.B推理判断题。根据第二段第二句中.the concentration of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals可知,瑞士的一项研究结果表明,电子垃圾中贵重金属的含量比自然界中矿石中贵重金属的含量还要高。由此推断作者旨在说明这些电子垃圾值得被充分利用,故选B项。2.B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段.a primary goal of laws.is to transfer

42、 both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.可知,政府要制定相关法律,对制造商提出明确的责任要求,这份责任应该是从政府开始延伸到制造商身上,故选B项。3.D主旨大意题。本文第一段提出了越来越严重的电子垃圾污染问题,后面就如何处理这些垃圾提出了一些建议,也明确了该问题所涉及各方应负的责任,由此推断出本文的主题应该是D项:电子垃圾的处理。Passage 5(2014江苏,B)However we

43、althy we may be,we can never find enough hours in the day to do everything we want.Economics deals with this problem through the concept of opportunity cost,which simply refers to whether someones time or money could be better spent on something else.Every hour of our time has a value.For every hour

44、 we work at one job we could quite easily be doing another,or be sleeping or watching a film.Each of these options has a different opportunity costnamely,what they cost us in missed opportunities.Say you intend to watch a football match but the tickets are expensive and it will take you a couple of

45、hours to get to and from the stadium.Why not,you might reason,watch the game from home and use the leftover money and time to have dinner with friends?Thisthe alternative use of your cash and timeis the opportunity cost.For economists,every decision is made by knowledge of what one must forgoin term

46、s of money and enjoymentin order to take it up.By knowing precisely what you are receiving and what you are missing out on,you ought to be able to make better-informed,more reasonable decisions.Consider that most famous economic rule of all:theres no such thing as a free lunch.Even if someone offers

47、 to take you out to lunch for free,the time you will spend in the restaurant still costs you something in terms of forgone opportunities.Some people find the idea of opportunity cost extremely discouraging:imagine spending your entire life calculating whether your time would be better spent elsewher

48、e doing something more profitable or enjoyable.Yet,in a sense its human nature to do precisely thatwe assess the advantages and disadvantages of decisions all the time.In the business world,a popular phrase is “value for money.”People want their cash to go as far as possible.However,another is fast obtaining an advantage:“value for time.”The biggest restriction on our resources is the number of hours we can devote to something,so we look to maximize the return we get on our investment of time.By reading this passage you are giving over