2020届新高考英语二轮教师用书：第三板块 第三部分 第3讲 议论文 .doc

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1、第三讲议论文议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解、主张，或是驳斥别人的错误观点。议论文类完形填空具有如下特点：(1)首句制胜，论点明确。议论文一般都在首句提出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。(2)结构清楚，逻辑通顺。作者为了使文章的脉络清晰，一般会使用一些逻辑关联词(或短语)，如on the contrary，all in all，in short，generally，surely，obviously等。(3)方法论证，合情合理。议论文都是按一定的方法来论证的。常用的论证方法有：归纳法、推理法、对照法。做题时要善于理清论点、论据、结论，

2、“三论”结合验证答案。如果所选的答案前后矛盾，论据与论点相悖，最后的结论与论点矛盾，那就说明考生对于文章的脉络把握得不太准确，可以重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分，直到“三论”一致，然后再依据自己对全文的掌握及各部分之间的关系选出答案。文本示例(全国卷)As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规的)basis.As a matter of fact, we can see this_41_at work in people of all_42_.F

3、or example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about_43_with their new toys.But their_44_soon wears off and by January those_45_toys can be found put away in the basement.The world is full of_46_stamp albums and unfinished models, each standing as a monument to someones_47_interest.When pare

4、nts bring home a pet, their child_48_bathes it and brushes its fur.Within a short time, however, the_49_of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents.Adolescents enter high school with great_50_but are soon looking forward to_51_.The same is true of the young adults going to college.And the

5、n, how many_52_， who now complain (抱怨) about the long drives to work，_53_drove for hours at a time when they first_54_their drivers licenses (执照)? Before people retire, they usually_55_to do a lot of_56_things, which they never had_57_to do while working.But_58_after retirement，the golfing, the fish

6、ing, the reading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they_59_.And, like the child in January, they go searching for new_60_.41.A.principleBhabitC.way Dpower42.A.parties BracesC.countries Dages 43.A.working BlivingC.playing Dgoing44.A.confidence BinterestC.anxiety Dsorrow45.A.s

7、ame BextraC.funny Dexpensive46.A.wellorganized BcolorfullyprintedC.newlycollected Dhalffilled47.A.broadBpassingC.different Dmain48.A.silently BimpatientlyC.gladly Dworriedly49.A.promise BburdenC.right Dgame50.A.courage BcalmnessC.confusion Dexcitement51.A.graduation BindependenceC.responsibility Dsu

8、ccess52.A.children BstudentsC.adults Dretirees53.A.carefully BeagerlyC.nervously Dbravely54.A.required BobtainedC.noticed Ddiscovered55.A.need BlearnC.start Dplan56.A.great BstrangeC.difficult Dcorrect57.A.time Bmoney C.skills Dknowledge58.A.only BwellC.even Dsoon59.A.lost BchoseC.left Dquit60.A.pet

9、s BtoysC.friends Dcolleagues考场思维第一步通全文采论点引论据本文是议论文题材，为社会生活类。文章一开始就提出论点，在文中通过不同年龄的孩子、年轻人、成年人以及即将退休的老人的例子告诉我们，当兴趣和爱好成为常规，即经常要做的事情时，人们很快就会对它们失去兴趣，转而寻找新的兴趣与爱好了。第二步品语境析语篇定答案词汇复现答案自显41.根据首句中的“As a general rule”可知各种活动一旦成为我们日常生活的一部分，无论哪个年龄阶段的人都会感到厌倦，这是一种规律，故选A。50.根据上文中的excited以及语境可知，与孩子一样，进入高中的年轻人在开始的时候应该是非

10、常兴奋。故选D。60.这些退休老人遭遇的处境，就像孩子们一样，开始寻找新玩具，寻求刺激了。 空处与45空后的toys是原词复现。故选B。篇章逻辑上下呼应42.下面列举了小孩子、年轻人、成年人以及将要退休的人的情况，说明各个年龄段的人都存在这样的情况。故选D。44.根据下文中那些曾经很喜欢的玩具都被放在了地下室里可知，很快他们的兴趣就消失了。故选B。46.世界上到处都是未装满的集邮册和未完成的模型。由下半句中的unfinished可推测出。故选D。51.刚进入高中时年轻人很兴奋，但很快他们就厌倦了高中生活，期待着毕业。故选A。语境取词左顾右盼47.这些东西说明很多人曾经喜欢某一件事，结果半途而废

11、。他们的兴趣是短暂的。故选B。49.随着时间的推移，照顾宠物就成为了负担(burden)，这个负担就由父母承担了。故选B。54.本句是指成年人在刚刚得到驾照的时候无比急切地要去开车。故选B。词语搭配去伪存真43.小孩当然是很高兴地摆弄玩耍自己的新玩具。play with玩耍，是固定搭配。故选C。借助常识巧定答案48.当父母亲把宠物带回家，孩子们自然是很高兴地给宠物洗澡，梳理毛发。故选C。52.结合空后说那些抱怨开车很长时间上班的人也可推断出是成年人。故选C。53.而当他们刚刚拿到驾照时，他们急切地一次开好几个小时。故选B。57.他们上班太忙了，当然就没有时间做这些事情。故选A。简易题目直接选取

12、45.A55.D56.A58.D59.C第三步再回看细分辨核答案将答案带入原文中再次对文章进行主旨、逻辑和语境方面的审核。如有个别题目答案尚不把握，换个角度再次揣摩并仔细分辨选项。对于已经明确答案的题目，再次核对，避免低级失误。We are instructed not to use any bad words or polluting language.But at one time，I didnt realize that these _1_ complaining，but I later have _2_ that murmuring and complaining pollute ou

13、r lives.Plain and simple complaining is an _3_ that people strongly disapprove(不认可) of! It causes many people a great deal of _4_ in their lives and destroys the joy of anyone _5_.We need to _6_ ourselves，how quick are we to become _7_ and begin to complain when stuck in traffic or while _8_ at the

14、checkout in grocery stores or department stores？How quick are we to spot and point out all the _9_ of our friends or family members？Do we _10_ about our job when we should be thankful that we have one?The best antidote(矫正方法) for complaining is _11_.People with gratitude do not complain.They are so _

15、12_ being grateful for all the good things they have that they have no time to _13_ the things they could complain about.In fact，everyone needs to make it a daily _14_ to live a life of thanksgiving.Lets be _15_ and grateful.Before going to bed at night，try to _16_ everything we have to be thankful

16、for.Let it be the _17_ thing you do in the morning.Be grateful for“little” things or things you might _18_ take for granted.Dont get _19_ when you fail，and dont throw in the towel and quit either.Keep at it until you have _20_ new habits and you are living with an attitude of gratitude.语篇解读本文主要讲述在我们

17、的生活中，我们经常抱怨，其实我们应该带着感恩的心来过每一天。1A.acceptedBproducedCincluded Drequired解析：C考查动词。these指上文提到的“bad words”和“polluting language”，此处表示，我没有意识到这些包含抱怨。include“包含”符合题意。2A.learned BadmittedCheard Dremembered解析：A考查动词。此处表示但是后来我得知发牢骚和抱怨都会污染我们的生活，learn在此意为“得知”符合题意。3A.explanation BactionCexcuse Demotion解析：B考查名词。根据句子主

18、语“Plain and simple complaining”可知，答案为B。抱怨应该是一种行为(action)，而不是解释(explanation)、借口(excuse)或感情(emotion)。4A.decisions BpossibilitiesCproblems Daccidents解析：C考查名词。此处表示简单的抱怨会导致人们生活中遇到很多问题(problems)。decision“决定”，possibility“可能性”，accident“事故”，均与语境不符。5A.talking BlisteningCstanding Denjoying解析：B考查动词。此处表示抱怨会毁掉任何人

19、倾听的乐趣，所以选择B项。6A.enjoy BrelaxCremind Dask解析：D考查动词。根据后面的问句可知，应该选择ask。7A.impolite BuninterestedCimpatient Dunimportant解析：C考查形容词。impolite“不礼貌的”，uninterested“不感兴趣的”，impatient“不耐烦的”，unimportant“不重要的”。根据下文的“开始抱怨”可知，应选C项。8A.waiting BleavingCwalking Drunning解析：A考查动词。根据“at the checkout in grocery stores or de

20、partment stores ”可知，此处表示在食品杂货店或百货商店的收银台等候(结账)，所以选择waiting。9A.directions BadvantagesCplans Dfaults解析：D考查名词。direction“方向”；advantage“优势”；plan“计划”；fault“缺点，过失”。根据上文出现的complain“抱怨”可推知，此处表示“指出朋友或家人所有的过失”，故答案为D项。10A.worry BdiscussCcomplain Dthink解析：C考查动词。句意：在我们应该为我们有一份工作而感激的时候我们抱怨我们的工作了吗？根据句意可知选C，complain“

21、抱怨”。11A.understanding BthankfulnessCcommunication Dability解析：B考查名词。此题与文章的主旨有关，全文主要讨论的内容就是不要抱怨，要学会感恩，由此可知应该选B项，行文中出现的“thankful”，“gratitude”和“grateful”也是很好的佐证。12A.worth BpopularCnormal Dbusy解析：D考查形容词。worth“值得的”，popular“受欢迎的”，normal“正常的”，busy“繁忙的”。根据语境和后面的have no time可知，答案为D项。13A.believe BcompleteCnoti

22、ce Dadmit解析：C考查动词。此处表示他们忙于感谢他们拥有的所有美好的事物以至于没有时间去注意他们可能会抱怨的事情。根据语境可知，应选C项，notice意为“注意”。14A.goal BvisitCreport Ddiet解析：A考查名词。此处表示事实上每个人都需要把每天的目标定为过一种感恩的生活。 daily goal“每天的目标”。15A.curious BpositiveCattractive Denergetic解析：B考查形容词。curious“好奇的”，positive“积极的”， attractive“吸引人的”，energetic“精力充沛的”。由and和grateful

23、“感恩的”可知，应选B。此处表示让我们积极向上并感恩(生活)。16A.forget BpredictCconsider Ddecide解析：C考查动词。此处表示在晚上睡觉之前，试着想想那些我们应该感恩的所有事情。 consider“细想”符合题意。17A.other BfirstCnext Dextra解析：B考查形容词。根据“in the morning”可知答案。此处表示让这成为早上起来做的第一件事情。18A.finally BrepeatedlyCimmediately Dnormally解析：D考查副词。感恩“小”的事情或你可能通常认为理所当然的事情。normally意为“通常”符合题

24、意。19A.discouraged BunsatisfiedCashamed Dastonished解析：A考查形容词。根据下文的quit“放弃”可知，此题应该选择discouraged“泄气的”。此处表示失败时不要气馁。20A.tried BbrokeCdeveloped Dchanged解析：C考查动词。develop new habits“养成新的习惯”。Close 1A teacher at Cedar Bluff Elementary School, Andrew Klicka writes rap music to help students learn and remember

25、concepts. “I started writing raps _1_ the social studies tests were so hard，” Klicka said. “Kids had a(n) _2_ time remembering all of the information that we had to _3_.” This piece of news has _4_ that music can help kids do better in school.The best way to _5_ facts might be to set them to music.M

26、edical students, for example, have long used rhymes and songs to help them _6_ vast quantities of information.A doctor by the name of Tupas Mukherjee _7_ that at the hospital he worked at no one _8_ the procedures for managing asthma (哮喘)So he created a video and recorded himself _9_ the guidelines

27、on asthma procedures.It has spread quickly, and now all _10_ use it and are able to remember the guidelines.Thus Tupas Mukherjee has _11_ lots of people because without him these people could have been treated _12_.Music also makes the school day more fun.It makes school more _13_.Many students come

28、 to school with electives (选修课程) like Spanish.No gym or music.If they had a music hour or program, they could reduce _14_ and relax their brain in a way. Music _15_ provides better selfconfidence.Performing in public more than once helps kids build up _16_， have good posture (姿态), learn to deal with

29、 unexpected events, etc.These _17_ are useful for educational presentations. Therefore, I _18_ with some people who think that music is worth sacrificing for other _19_ such as upgraded websites.We shouldnt _20_ music programs.语篇解读本文是一篇议论文。作者认为音乐对学习很有帮助，因此音乐课不应该被其他课程取代。1A.because Bthough Cuntil Dunl

30、ess解析：AKlicka创作说唱音乐帮助学生记忆概念是“因为(because)”考试太难了，学生们记忆这些信息的时候很“艰难(difficult)”。2A.difficult Blong Cunforgettable Dboring解析：A参见上题解析。3A.write Bteach Ccollect Dstore解析：B根据本段开头的“A teacher at Cedar Bluff Elementary School, Andrew Klicka”可知，Klicka是名老师，因此他是在“教授(teach)”知识。4A.repeated Bcomplained Cannounced Dpr

31、oved解析：D根据第一段内容不难看出，这条新闻“证明(proved)”了音乐对学习有帮助。5A.face Bexplain Cremember Dknow解析：C根据第一段中的“writes rap music to help students learn and remember concepts”可知，“记忆(remember)”事实最好的方法可能就是为它们谱曲。6A.check Bseek Cprovide Dmaster解析：D根据本句中的“for example”可知，此处以医学院学生用韵律和歌曲帮助他们“掌握(master)”大量信息为例说明音乐对记忆的帮助。7A.realize

32、d Bpredicted Csupposed Dunderstood解析：A根据下句中的“So he created a video.”可知，Tupas Mukherjee医生“发现(realized)”了他所工作的医院在治疗哮喘时有一些操作上的问题，所以才录视频解决该问题。8A.accepted Bfollowed Ccreated Dappreciated解析：B根据下文中的“now.able to remember the guidelines”可推测，之前没有人“遵照(followed)”应有的程序治疗哮喘。9A.developing Bpresenting Creciting Dsi

33、nging解析：D根据本段中的“set them to music”“used rhymes and songs”可推测，Tupas Mukherjee医生应该是把治疗哮喘的准则“唱(singing)”了出来。10A.students Bprofessors Cdoctors Dreporters解析：C根据上文Tupas Mukherjee在医院工作，是一位医生可知，Tupas Mukherjee医生录制的视频传播得很快，现在所有的“医生(doctors)”都能记住治疗哮喘的准则。11A.benefited Bencouraged Cexamined Deducated解析：A根据本段中的“

34、no one _8_ the procedures for managing asthma (哮喘)”可知，Tupas Mukherjee医生使很多人“获益(benefited)”，因为如果没有他的话，医生不遵照应有的程序治疗哮喘，很多人都会被“误(incorrectly)”诊。12A.badly Bincorrectly Cunfairly Dillegally解析：B参见上题解析。13A.practical Bimportant Cinteresting Dunusual解析：C根据上句内容可知，音乐让学校变得更加“有趣(interesting)”。14A.confidence Bpres

35、sure Cfriendship Dconflict解析：B根据常识及本空后的“relax their brain”可知，音乐可以减“压(pressure)”。15A.again Balready Calways Dalso解析：D第二、三段分别介绍了音乐可以帮助记忆、让学校生活更加有趣，因此这里是说音乐“还(also)”可以增加自信。16A.reputation Bpower Ccourage Dsatisfaction解析：C根据上句中的“better selfconfidence”可知，音乐可以帮助孩子们增强“勇气(courage)”，使他们更自信。17A.matters Blesson

36、s Cresults Dskills解析：D上一句中说增强的勇气、拥有优美的姿态、处理突发事件都是当众陈述时需要的“技能(skills)”。18A.talk Bdisagree Ccompare Dcompete解析：B上文谈论的都是音乐的好处，故作者“不同意(disagree)”舍弃音乐课。19A.methods Babilities Cprograms Dreasons解析：C根据本空后的“such as upgraded websites”可知，这里指网站升级等“课程(programs)”。20A.look forward to Btake advantage ofCadd up to

37、Dget rid of解析：D通读全文可知，作者认为音乐对学习很有帮助，因此我们不应该“放弃(get rid of)”音乐课。Close 2I realize that we all live in a world where trust is in short supply.It seems that everywhere I go，I have to _1_ my identity and trustworthinesswhether its a bank，shop or any office.I have been accustomed to living by the _2_ that

38、 no one is trustworthy _3_ proved otherwise.Yesterday I saw a yong man who lived by a totally _4_ rule.I was walking along a busy intersection when I _5_ a young man standing near the pedestrian crossing，setting up a stall(货摊)_6_ I would ignore and hurry past such sellers.But I noticed this young ma

39、n was _7_ so I stood for some time without crossing the street to see how he sold his _8_.Soon，a young mother with a little boy came by and the child set his _9_ on one of teddy bears.The mother asked the _10_ and it was only one dollar.She pulled out a 10dollar note and told the young man that she

40、was giving him 10 dollars and wanted the _11_ back.I was _12_ to know how he was going to do it.He told the mom to put the _13_ in the pouch(袋子)hanging around his neck and take out whatever change he _14_ her.I realized that this young mans whole mode of earning _15_ on trusting people not to cheat

41、him.There was no _16_ for him to know if someone took out more out of his pouch of earning.I was so _17_ by how this young man trusted people that I bought a car model from him.I did not need it，_18_.I just hoped to help a little.Now I _19_ believe that the world would be a better place if we could

42、all learn to _20_ others more，like the young blind street seller of toys.语篇解读作者觉得如今社会上缺乏信任，去任何地方都要确定身份。但是偶然在街上看到的一幕改变了他的想法。一个盲人卖玩具，因为看不到，他完全靠对顾客的信任让顾客自己找零钱进行交易。这件事情让作者感慨万千。如果我们每个人多信任别人一点，世界将会变得更美好。1A.introduce BpresentCprove Drequest解析：C根据上文I realize that we all live in a world where trust is in sho

43、rt supply.可知，作者觉得社会上缺乏信任，似乎无论去哪里，不管是银行、商店还是任何办事处都必须证明自己的身份。故C项prove(证明)正确。2A.rule BhabitCpractice Dlaw解析：A根据下文Yesterday I saw a young man who lived by a totally _4_ rule.可知，作者认为自己已经习惯了按照这条规则生活。故A项rule(规则)正确。3A.if BsinceCalthough Dunless解析：D根据上文I have to _1_ my identity and trustworthinesswhether its

44、 a bank，shop or any office.可知，此处是说除非被证明，否则没有人是可依赖的。故D项unless(除非)正确。4A.similar BdifferentCspecial Dcommon解析：B根据下文的讲述可知，这位盲人依据的规则完全不同于作者认为的社会缺乏信任，他完全靠对顾客的信任让顾客自己找零钱。故B项different(不同的)正确。5A.approached BnoticedCwatched Dlooked解析：B根据设空处前的I was walking along a busy intersection可知，作者走过一个繁忙的十字路口的时候，注意到一个年轻人在

45、路边摆摊。故B项noticed(注意到)正确。6A.Actually BNormallyCInformally DCasually解析：B根据下文But I noticed this young man was _7_ so I stood for some time without crossing the street to see how he sold his _8_.可知，正常情况下，作者会忽视掉这些卖东西的人并匆忙走过，但是那天他看到是一个盲人在摆摊，于是他停下来想看看他怎么卖东西。故B项Normally(正常地)正确。7A.blind BhandsomeCdisabled Dstr