高三英语一轮复习名词性从句课件.ppt

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1、 1.基础知识目标基础知识目标:(1).通过观察句子了解名词性从句的基本概念及分类通过观察句子了解名词性从句的基本概念及分类(2).通过分析理解句子了解主语从句的构成及相关连接词通过分析理解句子了解主语从句的构成及相关连接词 的用法的用法 2.基本技能目标：基本技能目标：(1).通过典型例句探究主语从句的用法并能应用通过典型例句探究主语从句的用法并能应用 (2).解决阅读中的长难句解决阅读中的长难句,提高阅读理解能力提高阅读理解能力(3).把主语从句应用到书面表达中把主语从句应用到书面表达中,写出亮点句子写出亮点句子 3.情感目标情感目标: 通过完成句子激励学生学习热情通过完成句子激励学生学习

2、热情 4. 过程与方法过程与方法: 自学自学- 探究探究-学会学会-能力能力从句的特点从句的特点1. 从句也要符合句子的基本结构从句也要符合句子的基本结构2. 从句只是做为句子某一成分出现的从句只是做为句子某一成分出现的3. 从句的关联词很关键从句的关联词很关键, 通常来讲通常来讲,它它们是从句开始的标志们是从句开始的标志从句名词性从句名词性从句形容词性从句形容词性从句副词性从句副词性从句:定语从句定语从句:状语从句状语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词, 在复合句在复合句中能担任中能担任主语、宾语、

3、表语、同位语主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。等。主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 宾语宾语I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.谓语动词/介词 名 词When we shall

4、 hold the meeting depends on whether John can return tomorrow. 系动词The problem is when John will come back.We expressed our hope that we could visit the country again.Have a try: What kind?Have a try: What kind? I dont know who broke the window. She is no longer what she used to be. What they need is

5、 a good textbook. She will give whoever needs help a warm welcome. This is where our problem is. It is certain that she will do well in her exam. The foreigner expressed his hope that he was going to visit the Great Wall again. We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. P S O

6、 P SA O OPractice time：指出下列各名词性从句的种类。指出下列各名词性从句的种类。1. At lunchtime, the radio weatherman reported that it would be a fine day.2. She wondered if the buses would still be running.3. The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.4. She found that she was being watched by a tall ma

7、n in a dark coat.5. When we will start is not clear.6. We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句同位语从句同位语从句1 That he will succeed is certain .2 Whether he will go there is not known .3 What he said is not true .4 Where he hid the money is

8、 to be found out .5 Whoever comes is welcome.6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 7 When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.“ “I It” t” i is s u us se ed d a as s e em mp pt ty y s su ub bj je ec ct t形式形式主语主语为避免主语冗长为避免主语冗长, ,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻, ,经常用经常用it it作作形式主语形式主

9、语, ,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. .1.It is certain that he will succeed.2.It is not known whether he will go there.3.It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.Its likely/possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚 Its said/ reported that据说据说/据报道据报道 It seems

10、/appears/happens that显然、明显、显然、明显、 碰巧碰巧.Its been announced/declared that已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑 Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知）众所周知） / a common saying（俗话说）（俗话说）that第一组第一组 宾语从句宾语从句 I guess (that) well leave soon. He asked when we would be in London. She informed me (t

11、hat) she was to send for it the next day.(that可以省略可以省略) Ill tell you what I read in todays paper.第二组第二组 Ill find out whether shes interested in going. Can you give us a description of what has happened. She was shocked by what she had seen.第三组第三组 Im not sure when he will come back. Im sorry (that) I

12、 didnt catch you. He was very happy (that) we could work together. 当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or/or not时时,不用不用if.I dont know whether I will stay or not 介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. 1.Whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下在以下三种情况下不能省略：不能省略：（1）当）当that

13、从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个第二个that不能省；不能省；（2）当）当that从句作从句作介词宾语介词宾语时，时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。（3）用）用it做形式宾语做形式宾语的宾语从句。的宾语从句。Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.若主句是一般

14、现在时态或一般将来时，则从句的若主句是一般现在时态或一般将来时，则从句的时态不限。时态不限。I think Jim is speaking too quickly.宾语从句宾语从句1. 从句中的时态问题：从句中的时态问题：若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某一种。一种。I knew she had swept the floor already.若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时态。在时态。They knew

15、the sun is much bigger than the earth.3. 在在think，believe，suppose， imagine, feel等引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词否定前移。等引导的宾语从句中，谓语动词否定前移。I dont think he is right.I dont suppose you need to worry about it.I dont feel I can stand any longer.The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of mone

16、y at that time .He looked as if he was going to cry .Thats why I was late .表语从句表语从句: :在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后之后. . 作用作用：对主语进行解释说明。对主语进行解释说明。改错改错:The reason why he was absent is because he was ill.2.当主语是当主语是reason时时, 后面的表语从句的后面的表语从句的引导词只能是引导词只能是that.that同位语从句同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽在句中

17、充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（象名词（ idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明. .同位语从句常用同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词引导或用连接副词when / where/why / how / whether 1) The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people .2) Word came that Napoleon himself was coming to in

18、spect(视察视察) them .3) Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.同位语从同位语从句句同位语从句不同于定语从句，前者是对名词同位语从句不同于定语从句，前者是对名词加以补充说明，后者是对名词加以限制加以补充说明，后者是对名词加以限制.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the school.The news you told me yeste

19、rday was really disappointing. 一、名词性从句的语序一、名词性从句的语序（1） 名词性从句构成有两种名词性从句构成有两种a. That + 陈述句陈述句That light travels in straight lines is known to all. This is what we are looking for.b. 疑问词疑问词+句子的剩余成分句子的剩余成分(2) (2) 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句 语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。How was he successful is s

20、till a puzzle. ( )How he was successful is still a puzzle. ( )你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？FTTF他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。Could you tell me where he lives? ( )Could you tell me where does he live? ( )二、名词性从句连接词的选用二、名词性从句连接词的选用（1 1）that that 和和what what 的选用的选用that that 和和 what what 都可引导所有的名词从句。都可引导所有的名

21、词从句。但是，但是，whatwhat除起连接作用外，还在名除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而语、宾语、或表语。而thatthat在名词性从在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。that / what1._ he wants is a book.2. _ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true ?

22、6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7. I have no doubt _ he will come.8. I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhata. a. 主语从句主语从句b. b. 表语从句表语从句c. c. 同位语从句同位语从句e. e. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f. whether to do f. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用做动词宾语不能用if to if to do.do.g whe

23、ther or not g whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时连在一起引导宾语从句时不用不用if.if.不能使用if 的情况：1. I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3. Were worried about _ he is safe.4. I dont know _ he is well or not.5. I dont know _ or not he is well.6. The question is

24、 _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8. I dont know _ to go.if / whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether其它连接代词和副词的连用其它连接代词和副词的连用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义, ,正确的正确的选择选择who、which、when、where、why、 how 等连接词，这些连接词既等连接词，这些连接词

25、既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my

26、glasses.Whenwhowhatwherethat that 可省略的情况：可省略的情况：thatthat不可省略的情况：不可省略的情况：主语从句主语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句用用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词引导词that 不能省略不能省略单个宾语从句中的单个宾语从句中的thatthat可省略可省略1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is

27、careless .4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthatthatthat(that)that1.1.同位语从句的格式：同位语从句的格式：2.2.能接同位语从句的名词有：能接同位语从句的名词有：3.3.连接词通常是连接词通常是that,that,也可根

28、据含义选用也可根据含义选用n.+ n.+ 连接词连接词 + + 从句从句order, belief, suggestionorder, belief, suggestion, , advice ,informationadvice ,information等等whetherwhether, what, when, where , what, when, where 等来引导同位语从句。等来引导同位语从句。factfact、idea, news,idea, news,1. I have no idea _ he comes from.2. He cant answer the question

29、_ he got the money.3.He gave us many suggestions _ we should get up earlier and take more exercise.4.I have no doubt _ he will win.5. I have some doubt _ he will win.wherehowthatthatwhether1.1.定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中的具体内容。定语从句中thatthat不但起连接作用，不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句

30、而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分，充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。的宾语成分时可省略。2.2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的的that that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分在同位语从句中不做任何成分, ,只起连接只起连接作用作用, ,无具体含义无具体含义, ,且不可省略且不可省略. .1.We expressed the hope that they had expressed.2. We expressed the hope that they would co

31、me to China again.1.The information has been announced that more middle school graduates will be admitted into university.2.The information that he revealed at the meeting is of great value.ATAPAPATHe gave me a suggestion that I ( should ) be calm now.名词名词demand, suggestion, proposal, advice demand,

32、 suggestion, proposal, advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气, ,结构为结构为 should + do, should should + do, should 可省略可省略 a .a .他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. . He believes _ . b .b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. . Please tell me _.his dream will come true some daywhat you were doing at this tim

33、e yesterday1. 1. 如果主句时态是现在时或将来时如果主句时态是现在时或将来时, ,从句谓语从句谓语 可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态. .他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。 He told me _ . 他说他已离开家乡十年了。他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me _. 老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。 The teacher told us _.he was preparing for the examinationhe had been away from his hometown for

34、 ten yearslight travels in a straight line.2. 2. 如果主句谓语是过去时如果主句谓语是过去时, ,从句谓语动词一般用过去的从句谓语动词一般用过去的 某种时态某种时态, ,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规 律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。1.The reason _ we didnt trust him was _ he often lied2.The reason _ he gave for his absent was _ he was ill.reason reason

35、 后面的表语从句只能用后面的表语从句只能用that that 引引导导, , 不能用不能用why why 引导引导, , 但但reasonreason后面的后面的定语从句可以用定语从句可以用why why 或者或者that that 引导。引导。whythatthatthat关关联联词词or引引导导词词的的分分类类123 that, whether, ifwho, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever, whichever, when, where, how, why 从属连词从属连词 连接代词连接代词连接副词连接副词在句中不担当成分在句中不担

36、当成分, that无词义，有时可省略无词义，有时可省略, if, whether有词义有词义.有词义，在从句中担当成分，如主语、表语、有词义，在从句中担当成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语宾语或定语.有词义，在从句中担当状语有词义，在从句中担当状语.总原则：总原则：看看从句从句中缺少什么成分，根中缺少什么成分，根据意思选择适当连接词语；如不缺据意思选择适当连接词语；如不缺成分且句意完整，则选用成分且句意完整，则选用that.一找一找二查二查三选三选：从句：从句：缺少什么成分：缺少什么成分：意思适合的关联词：意思适合的关联词Have a try: Choose a proper one1. _ ha

37、s been announced is that we must hand in our graduation papers before the end of June.What2. _ he always serves the people is well-known.3. _ the English evening will be held, on Monday or Tuesday, has not yet been decided. 4. I want to know _ he has told you.5. Everything depends on _ we have enoug

38、h money.6. That is _ he didnt come to the meeting.7. The news _ we won the game was exciting.ThatWhenwhatwhetherwhythat怎么考？怎么考？1、单项选择、单项选择2、改错、改错3、书面表达、书面表达1. 1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题考查名词性从句的语序问题 2. 2. 考查引导词考查引导词thatthat与与whatwhat的区别的区别 3. 3. 考查考查whetherwhether与与if if的区别的区别 4. 4. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词考查名词性从句中的疑问词+eve

39、r+ever引导的名词性引导的名词性 从句与从句与no matter+no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6. 6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题5. 5. 考查考查it it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法用法考什么考什么？ 感叹句做名词性从句时语序不变感叹句做名词性从句时语序不变.As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. (05 北京北京)A. you will come B. will you come C

40、. you come D. do you come名词性从句要用陈述语气名词性从句要用陈述语气.I dont know whats the matter.Do you know whats wrong with him?You cant imagine how excited I was then._(父母的言行父母的言行)has a life-long effect on their children. (07 陕西陕西 8)_ they are twin sisters is true.I think _ you will like the stamps.I believe _ you s

41、aid just now.Thatwhat 在在从句从句中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表中要充当某个成分（主语、宾语或表语）；语）；that在从句中在从句中不充当不充当任何成分任何成分,因此因此当从句当从句不缺少成分且句意完整时不缺少成分且句意完整时选用选用that。在主语从句、。在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中，表语从句、同位语从句中，that不能省略。不能省略。(that)whatWhat parents say and do高考链接：高考链接：1._we cant get seems better than_ we have. (96全国全国)A. What; whatB. What;

42、 thatC. That; thatD. That; what2. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (03上海春招上海春招)A. What; because B. What; thatC. That; whatD. That; whatWe havent settled the question of_ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (06江苏江苏)A. ifB. whereC.

43、whetherD. thatElephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _ it is rough or smooth. (05 天津天津) if / whether1. 二者都可以引导及物动词后的宾语从句，但介二者都可以引导及物动词后的宾语从句，但介词后的宾语从句用词后的宾语从句用whether, 不用不用if. If 不能引导其不能引导其他三种名词性从句。他三种名词性从句。The question has been raised at the meeting _each member country sho

44、uld share the expenses of the committee.A. which B. if C. what D. whether2. 在在whether or not结构中，不可用结构中，不可用if代替代替whetherRight or wrong?I dont know if or not hell come.I dont know if hell come or not.whether3. whether 后可以接不定式，后可以接不定式，if 不可以。不可以。He is not sure whether to stay or not.4. 当用当用if引导宾语从句会产生歧

45、义时，宜用引导宾语从句会产生歧义时，宜用whether.Please tell me if you need the book.1. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever2. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. No matter who在主语从句和宾语从句中有

46、时为了平衡句子在主语从句和宾语从句中有时为了平衡句子结构，可以借助形式主语结构，可以借助形式主语it，把主语从句和，把主语从句和宾语从句放在后面宾语从句放在后面.It is not decided yet where the graduates will be sent to work.I made it clear that I would have no time to do that tomorrow.1. He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (07 天天津津)A. this B. that C.

47、 itD. these高考链接高考链接2. _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. (05 上海上海) A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 1.How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (2002 上海春招上海春招)A. has B. had C. wil

48、l have D. had have2. I left early last night, but I wish I didnt leave so early.hadnt leftwish 从句指将来或现在的情况，使用一般过从句指将来或现在的情况，使用一般过 去时态。去时态。 从句指过去的情况，使用过去完成时态从句指过去的情况，使用过去完成时态1.- Do you mind my smoking here? - I would rather you didnt. I would rather you told me the truth now.2. I would rather you had

49、nt told him the news yesterday.Would rather在在it is important (necessary, strange, natural) that 从句中从句中, that 从句的谓语要从句的谓语要用用 (should) +动词原形动词原形.- Dont you think it necessary that he _ Miami but to New York?- I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. (05 江苏江苏)A.will not be sent; that B. not be

50、sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; whatsuggest, order, demand, request, require, command, advise, insist, desire以及它们的同根词。以及它们的同根词。They demanded that the right to vote(should) be given to every adult.It is desired that she (should) finish her homework this afternoon.Their requi