必修四-unit4-grammar.ppt

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1、现在分词作定语，当分词现在分词作定语，当分词单独单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前。词前。现在分词作定语现在分词作定语(Revision)1）a walking stick drinking water a waiting room 2） working people= the people who are workingthe rising sun= the sun that is rising表功能特，性点表功能特，性点表动作的进行表动作的进行3） a surprising result boring music表性质和特征表性质和特征动词动词 -ing 形式是形式是

2、短语，短语，应应放在所修饰的名放在所修饰的名词后，相当于一个定语从句。词后，相当于一个定语从句。They are visitors coming from several countries.who come from several countries. Three days later I received a letter offering me the job.which offered me the job.The girl standing there is my classmate.who stands therePractice: (1)The _ waiter came up

3、 to us and said, “You are welcome.”A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile(2) The wolf(狼狼) spoke in a _ voice and Mr. Dongguo felt_.A.frightening; frightened B. frightened; frightened C. frighten; frightening D. frightening; frighteningAA(3) Its pleasure to watch the face of a _ baby.A.asleep B. s

4、leep C. sleeping D. slept(4) The _ buildings showed us that an earthquake was coming.A. shaking B. shook C. shaken D. shake CAThe ing-form as the Adverbial(状语状语)I met him yesterday.He did it carefully. To catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. The war broke out in 1990 in a small town.Witho

5、ut his help ，we couldnt work it out. 状语状语 ？Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声，学生们开听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时发生）发生）Having done the work, he went home. 完成完成了工作，他就回家了。了工作，他就回家了。 现在分词作状语现在分词作状语现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或现在分词在句中作状语，修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的整个句子，表示动作发生的原

6、因原因、时间时间、方式方式、结果结果、条件条件、伴随状况伴随状况等。现在分等。现在分词词一般不用作表目的地状语一般不用作表目的地状语（通常用不定（通常用不定式表目的地状语）。式表目的地状语）。 现在分词作状语时，现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须是分词的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上句子的主语，分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑上的主谓关系，的主谓关系，否则不能用现在分词作状语。否则不能用现在分词作状语。但要注意它地各种形式变化但要注意它地各种形式变化 主动形式主动形式 被动形式被动形式 V-ing being V-ed having V-ed having been V

7、-ed 一般式一般式完成式完成式现在分词作现在分词作状状语语Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.(=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.)While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.1）表时间状语表时间状语doing强调同时发生强调同时发生 Having finished his homework, he went out to play.(

8、=After he finished his homework, he went out to play.) Having tried for many times, he invented the light bulb.=After he tried for many times, he bulb.Having done 强调动作发生于谓语动词之前强调动作发生于谓语动词之前2) 表原因状语表原因状语 Being ill, he didnt go to school. (=as he was ill, he didnt go to school.) Thinking he might be a

9、t home, I called him.Not knowing his telephone number, I couldnt get in touch with him. 3)表方式、伴随情况的状语表方式、伴随情况的状语 ：作伴随状语的分：作伴随状语的分词表示的动作，必须是词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个主语的一个 动作动作，或是，或是与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生，或，或是是对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补对谓语表示的动词（或状态）作进一步地补充说明充说明。Eg. He sat on the sofa, watching TV.(=He sa

10、t on the sofa, and watched TV.) 他们笑着谈着走进了教室。他们笑着谈着走进了教室。_ , they went into the classroom. 他斜靠他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。着墙站着。 He stood _ against the wallLaughing and talkingleaning 4) 表结果表结果 Eg. Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.(=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger

11、 brother.) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受 欢欢 迎地歌曲。迎地歌曲。 The song is sung all over the country,_. making it the most popular song 5)表条件表条件 Using your head, you will find a way. (=If you use your head, you will find a way.) 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。 _, you will see a white house

12、. Walking ahead注意：注意： 1. 当当v-ing形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动形式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，应使用完成式：作之前时，应使用完成式：having done_(完成作业之后完成作业之后), he rushed out to play basketball.Having finished his homework2. 当当v-ing形式被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动形式被动式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：作之前时，被动式应使用完成式：having been doneHaving been shown the lab, we were

13、taken to see the library.Having been translated into many languages, the book was widely read all over the world.3. 非谓语的否定式非谓语的否定式 not+doing/having doneNot knowing his telephone number, I couldnt get in touch with him.4. v-ing形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。主句的主语是一致的。Rushing into the dinin

14、g-room, supper was waiting for me.Rushing into the dining-room, I found supper was waiting for me.While visiting a strange city, a guide-book is very helpful.While visiting a strange city, you may find a guide-book very helpful.5. 固定结构：固定结构：Judging from his appearance, he must be very rich.Generally

15、 speaking, his answer is right. 6. 6. 与逻辑主语构成与逻辑主语构成独立主格独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. . 所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。Time permitting, well do another two exercises. 如果时间允许

16、，我们将做另两个练习。如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。 Practise: (1)They set out _ for the _ boy.A.searching; losing B. searching; lost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing(2) The student sat there, _ what to do.A.doesnt knowing B. didnt knowing C. not know D. not knowingBD(3)He sat there _ , with his head on his hand.A.an

17、d think B. thinking C. thought D. being thought(4) The _ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A.visiting; add B. visited; adding C. visiting; adding D. visited; addedBC(5) _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left

18、 his wallet at home. (北京北京2004) A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waitedC6.The secretary worked late into the night, _a long speech for the president.(MET91)A.To prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 7.European foot ball is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popula

19、r sport in the world.(NMET 98)A.Making B. makes C. made D. to makeB现在分词表结果状语现在分词表结果状语A 现在分词作伴随状语现在分词作伴随状语高考链接8. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. (MET93)A. angrily pointing B. and point angrily C. angrily point D. and angrily pointingA现在分词作伴随状语现在分词作伴随状语9. _ a reply, he decided to write aga

20、in.(MET92)A.Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 10._ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.(上海上海91年题年题)A.Not knowing B. knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not knownCA现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否现在分词作原因状语，分词结构中否定词通常放在现在分词前面。定词通常放在

21、现在分词前面。作原因状语作原因状语11. It seemed that he avoided _(get) too close to her.12. Reading is _(get) , but speaking the language is also a kind of _(learn) .13. The news that the Chinese team won the gold medal was very _ (encourage).14. It is clear that your spoken English will greatly improve if you can p

22、ractise _(speak) whenever you can.gettinglearninglearningencouragingspeaking15. I saw them _ to each other, obviously they do not want to be heard by others. (whisper)16. I counted the people _ the theatre, and there were 547 of them. (enter)17. The man with sun-glasses _ next to the car is a detect

23、ive. (stand)18._ ill, he did not take part in the sports meeting. (be)whisperingenteringstandingBeing 19. _ his car around is his main hobby. (drive) 20. _ she has got injured, he hurried to the hospital to see her. (know) 21. He stayed in the _ room for over an hour while the girl was having an operation. (wait) 22. I almost fell asleep when I saw that _ film. (bore)DrivingKnowingwaitingboringHomeworkFinish the exercise