2022年语法--虚拟语气 .pdf

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1、1 语法虚拟语气 1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式将来动词过去式 (be 用 were) should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would / should / might / could + 动词原形现在动词过去式 (be 用 were) would / should / might / could + 动词原形过去had +动词过去分词would / should / might / could have + 动词

2、过去分词2. 条件中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，他会帮助我们的。If he studied at this

3、 school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题: (1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词假设是系动词be 时，可用was代替 were。但在倒

4、装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were 中，只能用 were。如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 我要是你的话，要尽力抓住这次时机。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页2 (2) 混合虚拟语气 /错综时间条件句有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作假设不是同时发生时，须区别对待。从句的动作

5、与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京

6、了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。混合虚拟语气 还有一种

7、情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合。I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week. 该句前半部分是假设虚拟， 而后半部分是事实的陈述。Your math instructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained th

8、at your parents were ill at the time. 该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟如果你去并且解释的话，但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为“ 父母病了 ” 是客观事实，故不需要用虚拟形式had been 。(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将were, should, had等词置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree

9、with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页3 (4) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了， 然而我太忙了。But for his

10、help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。(5) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该

11、多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。2wish 所接从句的虚拟语气对现在虚拟: wish + (that)+did(were) 对过去虚拟: wish + (that)+had done 对将来虚拟: wish + would/could/might+do 3would rather 从句的虚拟语气对现在 /将来虚拟： I would rather sb. did sth. 对过去虚拟： I would rather sb. +had done 4一个坚持 insist; 两个命令 order, command ; 三条建议 suggest , advi

12、se, propose; 六项要求 demand, request, require, ask; urge, desire + (that) sb. (should) do sth. 注意: suggest表暗示 , 说明时 insist 表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气5使用虚拟语气的固定句型：It is + adj.(important, necessary, natural, right, strange, surprising) + that sb.shoulddo sth. It is + n.(a pity/a shame + that sb.shoulddo sth. It is (hi

13、gh, about, low) time + thatsb. did sth./ sb. should do sth. (should 不可省略 ) She takes care of the orphan as if he were her own child. 6含蓄虚拟： but for (如果不是因为 )=If it were not for/If it hadnt been for, without, otherwise But for your help, I would have failed. Without the money, I would not be alive no

14、w. She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页4 即时练习 : 1. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 2. _ for the free tic

15、kets, I wouldnt have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not 3. I supported him in time, otherwise he _ off the bike. A. might fall B. would fall C. should have fallen D. would have fallen 4. Without liberation we _ a new life. A. would not b

16、egin B. did not begin C. had not begun D. would not have begun 5. If only grandmother _ this together with us now. A. will see B. could see C. must see D. should see 6. Henry would rather his mother _ in the school where he is studying. A. not work B. not worked C. didnt work D. not working 7. Is it

17、 necessary that he _ the examination before he asks for a leave? A. takes B. has to take C. must take D. take 8. It is urged that no smoking _ in the library and other smoke-free zones on the campus. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed 9. It is strange that he _ you this.

18、A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told 10. My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me. A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent 11. We felt as if we _ each other for years when we first met each other. A. knew B. were knowing C. had known D. have known 12. Janes p

19、ale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she _ a medical examination. A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was; has 13. I wish you _ him my telephone number ，but you did. A. didnt give B. hadn t given C. wouldn t give D. shouldnt give14. It has be en raining

20、for a day, but even though it hadnt rained, we _ there by tomorrow. A. can t get B. won t get C. hadn t got D. wouldn t get15. -“I ve told everyone about it. ” -“Oh, I d rather you _. ”A. didnt B. hadn t C. couldnt D. wouldn t精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页5 16. I wish that

21、I _ with you last night. A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have gone 17. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages. A. has been B. was C. is D. had been 18. Id rather youanything about it for the time being. A. do B. didnt doC. don t D. didn t19. the English examination I wo

22、uld have gone to the concert last Sunday. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for 20. He s working hard for fear that he. A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fall behind 完成句子 :1._ they did playing the computer games, they would have passed the exam. (要是他们花同样多的时

23、间学习) (spend) 2. Over years, now we come to realize _ our time.(本应该多么充分地使用) (make) 3. It looks as if we _ what we are asked. (别无它法只能做) (choice) 4. He _ rather than steal. (宁愿饿死 ) (prefer) 5. The people expressed their desire that_ soon. (结束战争) (come) 6. Fortunately, the young man bought a map _. (没有它

24、他会走失) (without) 7. _ deal with the problem? (你建议我怎么做) (suggest) 8. Im surprised that _by such a simple trick. (居然被欺骗) (fool) 9. Its surprising that this respectable gentleman _ . (竟然犯了这样的罪) (commit) 10. He went against the advice of his colleagues _ and resigned. (知道当前的形势) (aware) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页