语法专题讲解虚拟语气修改1.ppt

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1、英英 语语 高高 考考 语语 法法 复习复习(虚拟语气专题虚拟语气专题)一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气(if 引导引导)二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气六、几种特殊的虚拟语气六、几种特殊的虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形

2、式来表示。式来表示。If sb/sth.,sb./sth. 现在现在过去过去 将来将来 did/werehad donewould/could/should/might dowould/could/should/might have donedidshould dowere to dowould/could/should/might doContrary to1. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句虚拟语气用于条件状语从句考题点击：考题点击：1. I am not free today. If I _free today , I _ and visit some of my friends . A. a

3、m will go B. were , would go C. shall be D. be , must go2. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going . A. had been , would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, would prevent D. were, would have prevented3.If I were to see Tom, what _ you _ me to tell him? A. are ,going to a

4、sk B. do , ask C. would , ask D. did, ask虚拟条件句还要注意以下虚拟条件句还要注意以下4点：点：（1）省略）省略if及及倒装倒装 若虚拟条件句中有若虚拟条件句中有 were, had, should 时，可省时，可省略略 if 而将而将 were, had, should 移到句首。如：移到句首。如： 1）If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, 2）_ for the doctors careful treatment,

5、 he _till last year. A. If it is not, cant live B. Were it not, couldnt live C. Had it not been, couldnt have lived D. If they were not, couldnt live If you _(turn) right just now, you _(not be) in trouble now. If it should rain tomorrow, the crops would be saved.（2）错综时间虚拟条件句）错综时间虚拟条件句虚拟条件句与主句谓语动词发生

6、的时间有时不一致，虚拟条件句与主句谓语动词发生的时间有时不一致，要注意主从句谓语形式。要注意主从句谓语形式。had turnedwould not behad not rainedwould be 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词来表示或通过上下文或其他方式表示 如“but for ”，“without ”及“but ” “otherwise/or”等表示含蓄的虚拟： （3）含蓄虚拟条件句）含蓄虚拟条件句 Without gravity, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped. She wasnt feelin

7、g very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.【2012福建卷】福建卷】 We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we_ more places of interest yesterday.A. visited B. had visitedC. would visit D. would have visited考题点击：考题点击：1.I went by plane; otherwise I _ much longer time. A.could tak

8、e B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken D 2.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he _ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scoredD3. Without liberation we _ a new life. A. would not begin B. would not have been begun C. had not begun D. wou

9、ld not have begunDif onlyhad donedid/were 对过去虚拟对过去虚拟 对现在虚拟对现在虚拟（4）if only 从句从句if only 若是若是.那该多好啊那该多好啊; 真希望真希望.; 只要只要.就好就好1. If only Marx _（be）still by my side to see this with his own eyes at present.would /could/might do对将来虚拟对将来虚拟were2. If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A

10、. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew比较比较if only与与only if only if 表示表示“只有只有”； I wake up _ the alarm clock rings.考题考题 1. If only grandmother _ this together with us now.A. will see B.could see C.must see D.should see 2. If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so

11、much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie(lie 躺，躺，lay, lain)only if)与过去事实相反与过去事实相反+would /could/ might +do(将来不大可能实现的愿望将来不大可能实现的愿望 )二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一的愿望。表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。个时态。How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I

12、only made it worse. A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形动词原形的的虚拟语气形式。虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。常见的动词有可以省略。常见的动词有: 一个坚持一个坚持 insist; 两个命令两个命令 order, command ; 三条建议三条建

13、议 suggest , advise, propose; 六项要求六项要求 demand, request, require, ask; urge, desire,注意注意: suggest表表 暗示表明暗示表明 时，时， insist表表坚持认为坚持认为时时不用虚拟语气不用虚拟语气1.He ordered that the students _ （wash） the clothes every week by themselves. 2.He insisted that she_(be)seriously ill and that _(send) to hospitals at once.s

14、hould washwasbe sent三、主语从句中的虚拟语气三、主语从句中的虚拟语气1. It be+过去分词过去分词+that+(should)+动词原形动词原形+过去分词：过去分词：suggested, requested, ordered, proposed, demanded, desired, advisedIt is required that nobody _ (smoke） here.Its suggested that everybody _ (buy ) a dictionary.2. It be+形容词形容词+that+(should)+动词原形动词原形+形容词形容词

15、:important, necessary, natural, strange, surprising It is necessary that we _ (have) a walk now.(should) smoke(should) buyshould have基本句型：基本句型：3. It be+名词（名词（ a pity/a shame/ no wonder） that + (should)+动词原形动词原形+It seems such a pity that you _ （have） to spend the day at the hotel.It is a burning sham

16、e that little children _（beg ）in the street.should haveshould beg考题点击：考题点击：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told3.It was ordered that no smoking _ in the libra

17、ry. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowedDBB四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气四、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice ,decision等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。My suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.1)表语从句表语从句:2)同位语从句同位语从句:I make a proposal that we

18、 (should) hold a meeting next week.考题点击：考题点击：1. His suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. A. try B. tries C. must try D. can try2.He gave a piece of advice that they _ each other. A. helped B. must help C. help D.had helped3.My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me.A.

19、be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sentas if/as thoughhad donedid/were对过去虚拟对过去虚拟对现在虚拟对现在虚拟They talked as if they _ （be） friends for years.五、状语从句中的虚拟语气五、状语从句中的虚拟语气had beenWhen a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it _.A. breaksB. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 用在用在l

20、est(惟恐惟恐,免得免得), for fear that(以免以免,为防止为防止起见起见)和和in case引引导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用导的状语从句中，这时谓语动词用should+动词原形动词原形或或动词原形。动词原形。1. She closed the windows lest she _（catch）a cold.2. He took away the oxygen tank for fear that it _. A. may explore B. exploded C. explode D. had explodelest /for fear that/in case+ 句子句

21、子(should +动词原形动词原形) catch六六. 几种特殊句式的虚拟语气几种特殊句式的虚拟语气:would rather + would rather+ 句句子子(虚拟虚拟)had donedid/were对过去虚拟对过去虚拟对现在对现在/将来虚拟将来虚拟Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you _ (come )next weekend. Id rather she _ (not do) that.camehadnt donedo(not)have done现在、将来现在、将来对过去虚拟对过去虚拟It is (high/about) time thatdid

22、should do此处的此处的should一般不省略一般不省略注意注意: 此句型与下面的句型的区别此句型与下面的句型的区别:It is time for somebody to do something.It is the first time that从句从句 现在完成时现在完成时It was the first time that从句从句 过去完成时过去完成时Isnt it about time that you _ to pick up the visitors from New York?A. wentB. would go C. goD. will goIt was the firs

23、t time that he _ (go)there.had goneWould you mind + if 从句中谓语动词一般用从句中谓语动词一般用一般过去时一般过去时.Would you mind if I (open) the window?注意注意: would you mind doing sth. Would you mind my smoking?openedComplete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs.Oh, no! It already five past eight and I am late for

24、school again. If I _(buy) an alarm clock like I should have, I _ (not, be) late. Also, if I _ (wake up) earlier, I _ (have) time for breakfast. I have an English exam this afternoon, but I didnt study very much last night. If only I _ (have) a computer for a brain, I _ (remember) everything. Then, t

25、he English exam _(be) so easy and I _(get) good marks. If only the teacher _ (give) us an easy exam paper, but I know this is not likely, as all our previous exams has been difficult. My father told me several weeks ago that if I _(get) good exams in the exam, he _(buy) me an MP4 player. If I (not,

26、be) so tired last night after my football match, I _ (study) more. I have made up my mind to spend more time studying in future. That way, I _ (do) better in my exams.Task 1:had boughtwould not behad woken upwould have hadhadwould rememberwould bewould getwould givegotwould buyhad not beenwould have

27、 studiedwould doTask 2:Discussion and presentation:1、假设你是、假设你是Dick,很少运动，酷爱美食，很胖，你有什么愿望？很少运动，酷爱美食，很胖，你有什么愿望？ 参考句型：参考句型：I wish. Id rather2、Dick想找工作，但是因为很胖被拒绝了，他很沮丧，他想想找工作，但是因为很胖被拒绝了，他很沮丧，他想 参考句型：参考句型：If I. If only But for Otherwise， 3、作为、作为Dick 的朋友，你给他一些建议的朋友，你给他一些建议 参考句型：参考句型：My suggestion/advice/pro

28、posal is that I suggest/advice/propose that. It is suggested/proposed/advised that. It is (about/high) time that. It is important/necessary that高考链接高考链接:1 I am not going to sit here and let her abuse meI demand that she immediately for what she just said Aapologize Bwould apologize CapologizedDmust

29、apologize2 If only I _ a few days ago！ Then I wouldnt have been feeling so worried now. Alooked ahead Bcould look ahead Cwere to look ahead Dhad looked ahead3 She insisted that she _ not guilty , but we insisted that she _ into prison.Awas; be put Bbe ; was put Cshould be; was put Dwas; should put4

30、Its really a pity that I didnt see you in Shanghai. - I _ to see you in the hotel, but I was too busy.Ahope Bhad hoped Choped Dam hoping 5 _ , we could forgive him for his mistakes! AWere he still a child BIf he is still a child CDid he realize he is wrongDHe were still a child6 But for the help of

31、my English teacher, I the first prize in the English Writing Competition.Awould not have won Bhad not wonCwould have wonDhave won7 -Why didnt you reminded him of the possible danger?-But what otherwise? He never listens to me.Acould I doBcould I have doneCshould I doDmust I have done 8 It is require

32、d that the studentsmobile phones in their school，so seldom them using one. A. not use; will you seeB. should not use; you will see C. dont use; will you seeD. not use; you will see9 this afternoon，you would have to come again next week. A. The boss didnt return B. The boss were not to return C. Were

33、 the boss not to return D. Didnt the boss return10 We _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? A. should face B. might face C. could have faced D. must have faced11 Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often.

34、A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. Were to live12 Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended13 I_ through that bitter period without your generous help. A.couldnt have

35、 gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone 14 We _Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put15 Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he _ A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busyHomeworkSome grammar practice in your workbook