高考英语语一轮复习——名词性从句讲解.doc

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1、 名词性从句1. 种类2.宾语从句的时态。3. that什么情况下可以省略，什么情况下不可以省略。4. whether 和if 什么时候可以互换，什么时候不可以互换。5. 如何区分同位语从句与定语从句。1._ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.2. I wonder _ you will go shopping or stay at home.3. This is _ he was often late for school.4. We all know the truth _ the earth _ around the sun

2、.一名词性从句的概念： 一个句子在连接词的引导下，在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。二名词性从句的功能： 相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。His job is important. (主语)What he does is important. (主语) This is his job. (表语)This is what he does every day. (表语)I dont like his job. (宾语) I dont like what he does every day. (宾语) I dont know about the fact

3、 that he is a teacher. (同位语)I dont know about the man, Mr. White. (同位语)得出结论：因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分为四类，即：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。三引导名词性从句的连接词：1、连接代词：who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。l I dont believe _ he has achieved so far.l _ breaks the law should be punish

4、ed.2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。l _ we will hand in the project will be discussed later.l Parents are thought to understand _ important education is to their childrens future.l The reason _ he was absent was that he was ill.3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if, as though。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成

5、分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。l I dont care about _ you have money or not.l The problem is _ Tom is able to arrive on time.l _ the meeting will be held here is not decided yet. l It looks _ it is going to rain.l The truth is _he didnt come for the concert.l _ the earth is round is true.

6、四名词性从句的类型：1. 主语从句：在复合句中作主句的主语。连接词有that, whether; who, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。 如:l _ he is a famous singer is known to us.l _ he will go to America is not yet fixed.l _ shes coming or not doesnt matter too much. l _ broke the glass yesterday is not clear.注意：1. 为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻, 经常用it作形式主语

7、, 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。记住以下it作形式主语的句型：e.以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常见句型有：1.It is + 名词+ 从句Its a pity/shame that 很可惜/很遗憾Its no surprise/wonder that 毫不奇怪/很正常2.It is + 形容词+ 从句Its certain/uncertain/obvious that 肯定/不确定/显然Its likely/possible/probable that 有可能3.It is + 过去分词+ 从句Its said/reported/thought/believe that 据说/据报道/

8、大家认为/人们相信4.It +不及物动词+ that 不及物动词有seem/happen/appear/occur/doesnt matter/ makes no difference5.It happens that 碰巧l It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey.l It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.l It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm.2.

9、单个的主语从句作主语时， 谓语动词用句单数形式；如果是两个或两个以上的主语作主语，谓语动词用复数。When and where he was born hasnt been found.When he was born and where he was born havent been found.Exercises:l ._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.l _I can pay back the help that people give me makes me very happy.l

10、 Its not clear _ was responsible for the accident.l _ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires2. 表语从句：在复合句中作主句的表语。引导词有连词that , whether, as if, as though; who, what, which, whose

11、;when, where, how, why, because 等。如:l The problem is _ we didnt get in touch with him.l This is _ Henry solved the problem. l His suggestion is _ we (should) finish the work at once.l It looked _ it was going to rain.l The reason _ we didnt trust him is _ he has often lied注意：1. 如果句子的主语是suggestion, a

12、dvice, order, demand, proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作. His suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once.2. The reason is that 的理由是， 的原因是The reason _ he was late again was _ he was caught in the traffic jam.3. It is because 这是因为Exercises:l This is _ she was born

13、.l The question is _ we cant go there today.l My advice is that he _(go) to school by bike.l _ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.l Energy is _ makes things work.3.宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。 引导词有连词that , whether, if; who, whom, whose, what ,which; when ,where

14、, how, why 等。如:(1) V + 宾语从句，即“动宾”：We believe that he is honest. / I asked if they had a cheap suit. / Can you tell me which dictionary is hers? / I really dont know what he is doing.l I just dont understand_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect. A .why it does B. w

15、hat it does C. what it is D. why it isl - Dont you believe me? - _, I will believe _ you say.A. No; whatever B. Yes; no matter what C. No; no matter what D. Yes; whateverl “What did your parents think about your decision?” “They always let me do _ I think I should.” A. when B. that C. how D. what.(2

16、) prep + 宾语从句，即“介宾”：Hes pleased with what we did yesterday. / Pay attention to what the teacher said.l I wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests.A. whomever B. no matter who C. whoever D. anyonel Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. w

17、ho D. thatl It was a matter of _ would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever(3) adj + 宾语从句，即“形宾”：Im sure that my brother will love the jacket. / I am glad that you can come and help me.不能误将”It + be + adj + that” 的主语从句当成宾语从句.如：It is necessary that we should learn English well.注意：(1)

18、 whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。I wonder if it doesnt rain.用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。Please let me know whether you want to go.（如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换成if。I dont know whether or not the report is true.I dont know whether the report

19、is true or not.介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用，构成whether to do结构。 whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。They dont know whether to go there.Please come to see me if you have time.Exercises:l I asked her _ she had a bike.l _ we will hold a party in the open air

20、 tomorrow depends on the weather.l Were worried about _ he is safe.l I dont know _ he is well or not.l I dont know _ or not he is well.l The question is _ he should do it.(2) 如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置，并且that不可以省略.He has made it clear that he will win the game.I find it necessary that we shoul

21、d learn English well.We find it necessary that we practice spoken English every day.(3) 表示“坚持，建议，命令，要求”的宾语从句，如一坚持insist，二命令order command三建议advise, suggest, recommend四要求 request, require, demand，desire 等，从句用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形,should可省略。I insisted that he (should) go with us. 坚持要求He suggested that we s

22、hould go to the park now.建议She insisted that she was true.坚持认为The heavy cloud suggests that it is going to rain.暗示、表明(4) 在“主语+ believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的结构中，其否定形式要用否定转移，即主句否定，从句肯定。I dont think he will come.I dont think Ill trouble you again.I dont expect that they will get married soon.(5)

23、宾语从句的时态呼应：a. 如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. He believes _ .b .请告诉我你昨天去了哪儿. Please tell me _.b. 如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备. He told me _.他说他已离开家乡十年了。 He told me _.老师告诉我们有志者事竟成. The teacher told us _.Exercises:l Do you see _

24、I mean?l We must stick to _ we have agreed on.l Let me see _I can repair the radio.4. 同位语从句：在复合句中起同位语的作用。 一般放在名词 idea ；belief ； fact ； truth ；problem ；news, information; hope; thought; promise等之后, 用以说明或解释前面的名词。常用 that, whether, who, whom, when, where, why, how, which等引导(whose和which 不引导同位语从句)l We all

25、 know the truth _ the earth goes round the sun.l The problem _ it is right or wrong has not yet been decided.l The fact_he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.注意：1. 名词suggestion, advice, order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+动词原形, should可省略。a. The suggestion that he _（put）forward at the meeting was agreed to by m

26、ost people.2. 同位语从句有时没有紧跟在名词后面，而是被别的词分开，称为隔裂式同位语从句。He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.Word came that Tom would go abroad.l The question came up at the meeting _we had enough money for our research.l Theres a feeling in me _well never know what a UFO is-not ever.l It remain

27、s a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.l Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. 3. 如何判断同位语从句和定语从句?a. 定语从句是先行词的修饰语，它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用，而且在定语从句中充当一个成分，充当宾语成分时可省略。b. 同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明，表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that 在同位语从句中不做任何成分，只起连接作用, 无

28、具体含义,且不可省略.五名词性从句的考点归纳：1. 名词性从句的语序：a. That + 陈述句：That light travels in straight lines is known to all.- I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad.A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His breakb. 疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述语序，不能用一般疑问句语序, 即“疑问词+句子的剩余成分”。I don

29、t know when he will go to Nanjing. / This is what we are looking for.a. How was he successful is still a puzzle. ( ) b. Could you tell me where does he live? ( )2. 表示“建议，命令，要求”的名词性从句，如(suggest)suggestion, (advise)advice, order, request, demand等，要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形, should可省略。3. that 可省略的情况：单个宾语从句中的t

30、hat可省略that不可省略的情况：主语从句/表语从句/同位语从句/用it做形式宾语的宾语从句/并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略l I dont think _ she is coming.l It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.l He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.4. 关于whether 与if 的使用：l What the doctor is uncertain about is _ my mother will r

31、ecover from the serious disease soon.l The question is _the film is worth seeing.l _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.Exercise: l 我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.l 我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.l 我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no i

32、dea _ he looks like.l 这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.相关练习：1. I have no idea _he will come back.2. Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.3. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; bec

33、ause4.- Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _?A. when comes the bus B. when will come the busC. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes5. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall.二 .用名词性从句连接下列句子:1. Liuxiang had an operation and has recovered. That is reported ._2. He made a decision. He would accept his ugly wife._3. Could I recognize him as he came in the room. That was the problem._4. When will she recover ? She had no idea._5. I made a suggestion . The suggestion is that he should go there at once. _7