七年级上册英语语法归纳(精).doc

.\ 七年级上册英语语法（精） 一． Be 动词（am, is, are）的用法 口诀：I 用am , you 用are ,is 跟着他（he）她（she）它（it）。单数is，复数are. 变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃，变否定，更容易，be 后not莫忘记，疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。 注意：be 动词通常会和其他词连写在一起，如：I’m , what’s ,name’s, they’re等。 I ________ a student. You ________ Janpanese. He _______ my brother. She_______ very nice. My name ________Harry. They _______ 10 years old. The books _________ new. Mary, this _________ Tom. There ________ a desk in the room. What_____ these? 二．冠词的用法 冠词分为不定冠词（a ,an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（不用冠词的情况）三种。 不定冠词a（an）与数词 one 同源，是“一个”的意思。a 用于辅音音素前，而 an 则用于元音音素前。 定冠词the的用法： 巧计定冠词the用法歌诀： 特指双方熟悉，上文已经提起。 世上独一无二，方位名词乐器。 某些专有名词，还有复数姓氏。 序数词最高级，习惯用语要牢记。 零冠词的用法： 1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词 　　China 中国 Europe 欧洲Lei Feng 雷锋 William Shakespeare 威廉莎士比亚 2. 月份、星期、节日前一般不加冠词 　　January 一月份 Sunday 星期日Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节 　　National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节 　 注:民族节日前要加the 如:the Spring Festival 3. 三餐、四季前一般不加冠词 　　I have lunch at school.我在学校吃午餐。 　　Summer is the best season for swimming.夏天是游泳的好季节。 　　比较： I had a big lunch yesterday. 　　昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个） 　　比较： I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii. 　　我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。（表示特指） 　4. 进行球类运动 play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球play football 踢足球 5.by+交通工具 by bus 乘公交车 by bike骑自行车 6. 固定词组 　　go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉go by train 乘火车去 go by boat 乘船去 在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划/。 1.What’s this? It’s ________ clock. 2. ________ first lesson is easy. 3.What is it? It’s _____ “w”. 4.What color is your coat? It’s _______orange. It’s _______orange coat. 5. _______woman is Mrs.Green. She is _________ teacher. 6.Those pens are in ________ pencil-case. 7.I like playing ________ soccer. 8.When does Lily go to ______ bed in __________evening? 9._______ “h”,______ “o”and _______“w” in the word “how”. 10 I paly _________ guitar every day. 三 名词和代词的数 1. 写出下列词的复数形式。 baby_______ case_______knife_______ photo_______ Chinese_________hamburger___________ potato_______ key______ watch_______ name_______ strawberry_________ tomato__________ dollar________ orange__________ people_________ documentary____________ boy__________ piano_______ child_________ man_______ this______ that_______ I _______ she_________ you_______ bus_______ wish_______ Japanese___________ am_________ 2. 翻译短语 五门学科________________________ 三部电影_______________________ 一些动作片___________________________ 许多手表_________________________ 一点食品________________________ 一点蔬菜________________________ 许多冰激凌________________________ 三块鸡肉___________________________ 一些工作_________________________ 许多作业___________________________ 四辆公共汽车________________________ 3.选择填空 1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful. A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos 2. This kind of car made in Shanghai. A. is B .are C .were D .has 3. There are four and two in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C. Japanese,German D.Japanese, Germans 4. That’a art book. A. an B. a C. the D are 5. The boys have got already. A. two bread B. two breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 6. The old man wants . A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples 7. There some in the river. A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish 8. There two in the box. A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches 9. We should clean twice a day. A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room. A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers’ D.teachers 四．句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素 (1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we, you→you，she,he,it→ they。 如：She is a girl. →They are girls. (2)am，is要变为are。如： I’m a student. →We are students. (3)不定冠词a，an要去掉。如： He is a boy. →They are boys. (4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如： It is an apple. →They are apples. (5)指示代词this，that要变为these，those。如： This is a box. →These are boxes. .把下列句子变成复数句。 1. This is a bike. 2. That is an eraser. 3. It is a red orange. 4. He is a teacher. 5. What’s this? 6. He is a Chinese boy. 7. A photo is on the wall. 5.改错。 1.He has many ice cream for breakfast.__________________________________________ 2.The girl has two broccoli for lunch._____________________________________________ 3.The student does a few homework every day._____________________________________ 4.I want to go to movie._______________________________________________________ 5.We can see much clothes in the store.___________________________________________ 6.Does she have three cousin?__________________________________________________ 7.They are Japaneses.___________________________________________________________ 8.I have some apple._____________________________________________________________ 9.I want to see a Beijing Opera.____________________________________________________ 五．时态复习-----一般现在时 1) 一般现在时表示现在的状态。She is at home. 2) 一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语every day, usually, always, often, sometimes, on Sunday等连用, 3) 一般现在时表示客观(事实)存在及普遍真理 The earth goes around the sun. 1.含be动词的一般现在时 Be 动词要根据句中的主语的人称和数而变化。它有三种形式：am, is ,are. 如： I am a teacher. My brother is at school. Lucy and Lily are friends. 2. 实义动词的一般现在时 一个动作经常或反复地发生，就用一般现在时。第三人称单数（he, she, it,Tom和单数名词等）作主语时，谓语动词要加“s”或“es”，这种动词形式简称为动词的单三形式。记住：单三人称单三动，其他人称用原形。如： They get up at six o’clock. He goes to school at seven thirty. 3 动词第三人称单数的构成规则： a.一般情况下在动词词尾加s 如：get----gets like----likes play—plays， want—wants， work—works， know—knows， help—helps，get—gets b. 以字母s、x、ch或o结尾的动词加-es；如：guess—guesses， fix—fixes， teach—teaches， brush—brushes， go—goes，do—does，watch—watches，catch—catches c. 以辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es。如：study—studies，carry—carries，fly—flies，worry—worries 特殊词： have----has 用动词的适当形式填空。 1.We often_________(play) in the playground. 2. He__________ (get) up at six o’clock. 3.________you_________ (brush) your teeth every morning. 4. What________(do) he usually________(do) after school? 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup? 6.________Mike sometimes __________(go) to the park with his sister. 7. At night, she_________ (watch) TV with his parents. 8_______Mike________(read) English every day? 9. How many lessons_________your classmate________(have) on Monday? 10. What time_______his mother__________(do) the housework? 11.He usually _____ (get)up at six in the morning. 1⒉She______(have) blues eyes. 1⒊We _______(go ) to school every day 1⒋The boy _________(like) playing football. 1⒌We_______(have)no classes on Sundays. 1⒍She________(write) to her mother once a week. 1⒎It _____(rain)quite often during the month of July every year. 1⒏She often_________(watch)TV on Saturdays. 1⒐Mike usually_________(ride) a bike with his friends in the park. 20 Peter and Mary often_______(play) badminton together. 一．按要求写出下列各词的相应形式. 1．child（孩子）（复数形式）__2．are not（缩写）___ 3．those（单数形式）_____4．I（宾格形式）_____ 5．box（复数形式）____6．hour（同音词）____ 7．come（反义词）_____8.watch(复数)______ 9.five(序数词)_______10.twelve(序数词)____ 二、根据句意补全句子。 1、 English is my favorite _____ in school. 2、 The twelfth month of a year is _______. 3、 He loves to listen _____ music. 4、 ____ you dance? Yes,I can. 5、 I like milk(牛奶)and eggs _____ breakfast. 6、 I like baseball _____ I don’t like football. 7、 ____ your brother want to go to a movie? 8、 Today is Thursday.It is ____ tomorrow(明天). 9、 They are from China,but they can ____ English. 10.My pen pal _____ from Canada. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空. 1. February is the___(two)month of a year. 2. How many___(child)do you have? 3. He is a famous____(music)in the city. 4. This is a ____(Japan)car(小汽车). 5. ___(she)science teacheris Mr Baldwin. 6. Miss Gao is a_____(success)doctor. 7. Thanks for____(sing) for us. 8. Let’s____(play)soccer ball today. 9. What language ____you ____ (speak)? 10.Your sister____(not dance)in the morning. 六．指示代词 1．This(这个) 和that（那个）用法 (1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。 (2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如： This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处) That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处) (3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。如： This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。 (4)向别人介绍某个人时，要说“ This is ….”，而不说“ That is ….”，也不能说“ He is ….”或“ She is ….”。介绍两个人时，先用“ This is ….”介绍一个人，然后用“ That is ….”介绍另一个人。如： This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。 This is my brother and that is my sister. 这是我哥哥，那是我妹妹。 (5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如： This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。 (6) 打电话过程中，介绍自己时通常用this指代“我”，不用代词I；询问对方时用that指代“你”，不用代词you。例如： ----Hello. This is Mary. Who’s that? 喂，我是玛丽。你是谁？ ----This is Tom. 我是汤姆。 注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am…, Are you…？/Who are you? (7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如： ①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗？ —Yes, it is. 是的，它是。 ②—What’s that? 那是什么？ —It’s a kite. 是只风筝。 2．these (这些) 和those(那些)用法 this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。 ①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。 ②These pictures are good. 那些画很好。 ③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗？ 在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免重复。如： ④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？ Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。 （ ）1. __________ pen is red. ________ pencil is green. A. this, that B. These, Those C. That, Those D. This, That （ ）2. Is _____ a panda over there? A. this B. that C. those D. these （ ）3. ________two boys are Mr. Green’s sons. A. This B. These C. That D. those （ ）4. __________ two girls are Mary and Linda. A. This B. They C. That D. Those （ ）5. _______is Mr. White and _____ is my father. A. This,those B. That,these C. These,these D. This,this （ ）6 Is that your sister? A Yes, she is B Yes, it is C No, it is D No, she isn’t （ ）7 Are those your books? A Yes, those are. BNo,they aren’t CYes, these are 七．名词所有格 英语名词所有格有两种：s属格和of属格。 1 s所有格的用法： a主要用于有生命的名词，例如：my brothers books, Marys friend b用于地理、国家机关、城市等名词，例如：Beijings future, the governments the city’s look. c用于时间、价值、距离、重量等名词，例如：todays newspaper, ten dollars wort h, five miles distance, twenty pounds weight. d表示理发店、商店等名词或一些习惯用法，例如：at the butchers 2 of所有格的用法：主要用于表示无生命的名词，例如：the door of the house, a map of China, photos of my family. 3 特殊所有格:若一样东西为两人共有，后一个人名用所有格；如果不是两人共有，而是各有各的，则两个名词都用所有格，且其后名词应为复数。 Lucy and Lily’s mother 露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈) Lucy’s and Kate’s rooms 露茜和凯特的房间（各自的房间，两间房子） 1. - Hows Marys skirt? 　　- Her skirt is more beautiful than _____. A.her sisters and Kate B.her sister and Kate C.her sister and Kates D.her sisters and Kates 2.This is _____ car._____ is over there. A.visitors；My B.visitors；Mine 　C.visitor；Mine D.visitors；My 3. _____ room is big and bright. They like it very much. A.Tom and Sam B.Toms and Sam　C.Tom and Sams D.Toms and Sams 4. _____ fathers are both teachers. A.Jims and Bob B.Jims and Bobs C.Jim and Bobs D.Jim and Bob 5.This is a photo of _____. A.yours B.yourselves C.your D.yourself 6.The old teacher is a friend _____. A.my brothers B.my brother C.of my brothers D.of a brothers 7.You can enjoy _____. quiet streets. A the city B a city C the city’s D a city’s 八 代词 1、人称代词和物主代词 人称代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 主格 I we you you she\ he\ it they 宾格 me us you you her\ him\ it them 物主代词 形容词性 my our your your her \his\ its their 名词性 mine ours yours yours hers\his\its theirs 1. 通常情况下，人称代词的主格在句子中作主语，放在动词（be动词，情态动词和行为动词等）的前面。 I am a girl. We can sing and dance. They like English. 2. 通常情况下，称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，放在动词或介词的后面。 Give them to Tom. Nice to meet you. For us, we like action movies. 3. 形容词性的物主代词（相当于形容词）属于限定词，后面要跟它所限定的名词。 4. 名词性的物主代词（相当于名词），后面不能再接名词。 用所给词的正确形式填空。 1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _______. Give it to _________. ( she ) 3. Is this ______ watch? (you) No, it’s not _______ . ( I ) 4. ______ is my brother. ______ name is Jack. Look! Those photos are ______ ( he ) 5. _________ shirts are red. (we) What color are _________? ( you ) 6. Here are many toys, which one is _________ ? ( she ) 7. I can find my toy, but where’s _________? ( you ) 8. Show _________ your hands, OK? (they) 9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it ) 10. Are these _______ rulers? No, _____ are not. ( they ) 11. _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse. ( she ) 12. That is not _________ camera. _________is at home. ( he ) 13. ________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. ( she ) 14.____ don’t know her name. Would you please tell _____. ( we ) 15. So many dogs. Let’s count _________. ( they ) 16. I have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3. I like _________ very much. ( he ) 17. Look at that desk. Those book are on ___. (it) 九．数词 1.基数词（表示事物数量的多少）。 a. one 到twelve需要特殊记 b.13到19结尾加-teen, 但要注意thirteen, fifteen, eighteen. c. 整十位数结尾加-ty,注意twenty，thirty, forty，fifty，eighty. d. 表示“几十几”时，在整十和个位之间加连字符号“ - ” e．百位数 :百位和十位、个位之间需加and. 101 one hundred and one 320 three hundred and twenty 648 six hundred and forty-eight f．千位数以上 从数字的右端向左端数起，每三位数加一个逗号“，”。从右开始，第一个“，”前的数字后添加 thousand，第二个“，”前面的数字后添加 million，第三个“，”前的数字后添加 billion。然后一节一节分别表示，两个逗号之间最大的数为百位数形式。 2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion，two hundred and thirty-seven million，one hundred and sixty-six thousand，two hundred and thirty-four g．基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。 There are hundreds of people in the hall． 大厅里有数以百计的人。 Thousands and thousands of people come to visit Beijing every day． 每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆北京。 They went to the cinema in twos and threes． 他们三三两两地来到了电影院。 2. 序数词（表示事物的顺序） a基数词变序数词规律： 基变序有规律，末尾加上-th。一二三，特殊记。八加-h，九去-e。ve要用f替。整十变化需注意，改y为ie，再加-th莫忘记。若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。 b．第一百以上的多位序数词 由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。 one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一 one thousand，three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 c序数词在使用时，通常前面要加定冠词 the；但是如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an时，则表示“再一”，“又一”。 We will read it a second time． 我们得再读第二遍。 We’ve tried it three times．Must we try it a fourth time? 我们已经试过三遍了，还必须试一次（第四次）吗？ 另外，基数词也可以表示顺序。只需将基数词放在它所修饰的名词之后即可，不需要添加定冠词。 the first lesson——Lesson One the fifth page——Page 5（five） the twenty-first room——Room 21（twenty-one） 选择题 1.There are.____ days in a year. A.three hundreds sixty-five