（整理版高中英语）牛津高中英语语法复习（模块1模块4）语法复习五情态动词.doc

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1、牛津高中英语语法复习模块1-模块4 语法复习五：情态动词1 情态动词的语法特征 1 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2 情态动词 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。3 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。2 比拟can 和be able to 1cancould 表示能力；可能 (过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。They will be able to tell you the news

2、 soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。2只用be able to a. 位于助动词后。 b. 情态动词后。 c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。 d. 用于句首表示条件。 e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意：could不表示时态1提出委婉的请求，注意在答复中不可用could。 - Could I have the television o

3、n? - Yes, you can. / No, you cant.2在否认，疑问句中表示推测或疑心。 He couldnt be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。3 比拟may和might 1 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意： might 表示推测时，不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。2 成语： may/might as well，后面接不带to 的不定式，意为不妨。 If that is the case, we may as well try.典型例题Peter _

4、come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. mustB. may C. can D. will答案B. 表可能性只能用may.此句意可从后半句推出。4 比拟have to和must 1)两词都是必须的意思，have to 表示客观的需要， must 表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that

5、they must work hard. 他说他们必须努力工作。主观上要做这件事 2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。He had to look after his sister yesterday. 3 在否认结构中： dont have to 表示不必mustnt表示禁止， You dont have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告诉他。 You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。5 must表示推测 1) must用在肯定句中表示较有

6、把握的推测，意为一定。2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时， must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的进行式。 You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。对现在情况的推测判断He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。比拟： He must be staying there. 他现在肯定呆在那里。 He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。 3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。 I didnt hea

7、r the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚刚没有听到 ，我想必是睡着了。4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。-Why didnt you answer my phone call?-Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didnt hear it. 5) 否认推测用 cant。 If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock, he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。6 表示推测的用法 can

8、, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推测，其用法如下：1情态动词+动词原形。表示对现在或将来的情况的推测，此时动词通常为系动词。I dont know where she is, she may be in Wuhan7 情态动词+ have +过去分词 1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示过去，推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can (could)

9、 have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2)must have +done sth，对过去时间里可能发生的事情的推测，语气较强，具有肯定，谅必的意思。- Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-She must have gone by bus.3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth本应该做某事，而事实上并没有做。否认句表示不该做某事而做了。You ought to (should) have been more ca

10、reful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.事实上已扔了。 ought to 在语气上比should 要强。4) neednt have done sth 本没必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineednt have done so. The weather was hot.5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事I would like to have read the article, but I

11、 was very busy then.8 should 和ought to should 和ought to 都为应该的意思，可用于各种人称。-Ought he to go?-Yes. I think he ought to. 表示要求，命令时，语气由 should应该、had better最好、must必须渐强。9 had better表示最好 had better 相当于一个助动词，它只有一种形式，它后面要跟动词原形。had better do sth had better not do sthIt is pretty cold. Youd better put on my coat.S

12、hed better not play with the dog. had better have done sth表示与事实相反的结果，意为本来最好。You had better have come earlier.10 would rather表示宁愿 would rather dowould rather not dowould rather than 宁愿而不愿。 还有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示宁愿、宁可的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at th

13、is school.I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.典型例题- Shall we go skating or stay at home?-Which _ do? A. do you ratherB. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather答案B。此题考查情态动词rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意为宁愿，此题为疑问句， would 提前，所以选B。11 will和wou

14、ld 注意： 1would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。 Would you like to go with me? 2Will you?Would you like? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。 Would you like some cake?3否认结构中用will，一般不用would, wont you是一种委婉语气。 Wont you sit down?12 情态动词的答复方式 问句肯定答复否认答复Need you?Yes, I must.No,I needntMust you?/dont

15、have to. 典型例题1-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you_. A. mightB. will C. can D. should 答案C.could表示委婉的语气，并不为时态。答语中of course，表示肯定的语气，允许某人做某事时，用can和 may来表达，不能用could或might。复习： will 与you连用，用来提出要求或下命令。should与you 连用，用来提出劝告。2-Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _. Ive told him already. A. nee

16、dntB. wouldntC. mustntD. shouldnt 答案A。neednt 不必，不用。 wouldnt 将不, 不会的。 mustnt 禁止、不能。 shouldnt不应该。此题为不需要，不必的意思，应用neednt。3-Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -_.A. I dont B.I wont C. I cantD. I havent 答案B.will既可当作情态动词，表请求、建议、也可作为实义动词表意愿、意志、决心，此题表示决心，选B。13 带to 的情态动词 带to 的情态动词有四个：ought to,

17、 have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，为六个。它们的疑问，否认形式应予以注意： Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month? She didnt use to play tennis before she was fourteen. You ought not to have told her all about it. Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.? ought to 本身作为

18、情态动词使用。其他的词作为实义动词使用，变疑问，否认时，须有do 等助动词协助。典型例题Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A.have toldB.tellC.be tellingD. having told答案A。由于后句为过去时，告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因，此地应用过去完成时，但它在情态动词 ought to 后，所以用 have。14 比拟need和dare 这两词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，两者都只能用于疑问句，否认句和条件句。 need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to，而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。1) 实义动词： need需要, 要求 need + n. / to do sth2) 情态动词： need，只用原形need后加do，否认形式为need not。Need you go yet? Yes, I must. / No, I neednt.3) need 的被动含义：need, want, require, worth形容词后面接doing也可以表示被动： need doing = need to be done