中考英语考纲重要资料词汇资料用法情况总结.doc

-` 英语考纲重点词汇用法总结 n.名词 pron.代词 adj.形容词 adv.副词 v.动词 vi.不 vt. 及物动词 prep.介词 conj.连词 interj.感叹词 A 1.able unable ability n. disable vt.使残废 disabled adj.残废的 2.about be about to do sth.即将做...... 3.above---below over---under 4.accept ~ A as B 把A当作B接受/接纳 cf. receive 5.accident accidental adj.偶然的；偶发的 by ~/chance偶然地 6.ache n./ vi. toothache backache headache 7.across---through across the world=all over the world 8.act v./n. action n. active adj. actively adv. activity n.活动 act as...扮演；充当 be active in...=take an active part in...积极参加 act...out表演出 9.actual adj. actually adv.事实上 10.add v. addition n. additional adj.附加的；额外的 add to sth.增强 add A to B把A加到B上去 add...up把......加起来 add up to sth.合计为；意思是 in addition=what’s more=besides而且 11.admire vt. admiration n. admirer n. ~ sb. for sth因......钦佩某人 in admiration钦佩地 12.admit vt.承认；录取 admission n. admitted admitting admit doing sth. be admitted into a college被......录取 13.advance v. advanced adj.先进的；高级的 in ~ = ahead of time提前 14.advice u.n. advise vt. give sb. advice on sth. advise sb. to do sth./ advise doing sth. cf. advise与persuade 15.affair n.事物 family/foreign/love ~s 16.afford vt. can ~ (to do) sth. 17.afraid adj. I’m ~ so/not.恐怕是这样/不是这样。 18.Africa n. African n./adj. Asia---Asian America---American Europe---European Australia---Australian Austria---Austrian奥地利人（的） Canada---Canadian 19.again ~ and ~=over and over=time and again反复地 once ~=once more=~又一次 20.three years ago （一般过去时） three years before（过去完成时） 21.agree vt. agreement n.协议 agreeable adj.可爱的 ~ to sth.同意某事 ~ on sth（经讨论）达成共识 ~ with sb.同意某人 come to/arrive at/reach an agreement达成协议 22.agriculture n. agricultural adj. industry---industrial 23.aim n./v. ~ at...瞄准；意思是 24.alive adj.(表语形容词) eat sth ~ bury sb. ~ catch sb. ~ Cf. living活着的 live现场直播的 lively活泼的 25.air n. in the ~在空中 on the ~在播出 by ~乘飞机 26.allow vt. allowance n.补助金；补贴 ~ sb. to do sth. ~ doing sth. ~ for...考虑到；酌量 Smoking is not ~ed here. 27.almost adv.几乎(可接否定词) nearly adv.（不接否定词） I have seen almost no such book before. 28.alone adj./adv.独自的；单独的 lonely adj.寂寞的；孤独的 29.along adv./ prep. all ~=all the time一直 30.although conj.虽然；尽管 though conj. 虽然；尽管 though adv.尽管如此（句末） 31.anger n. angry adj. hunger n. hungry adj. 32.announce vt. announcement n. make an announcement 33.another pron. one after ~= one by one another three chairs= three more/ other chairs 34.always adv. for ~/ good/ ever永远 He is ~ talking in class.(反感) He is ~ asking clever questions.(赞扬) 35.answer n./v. the ~ to the question in ~ to响应；回答 ~ the door/phone/letter ~ for=be responsible for为......负责 36.anxious adj.急切的；焦虑的 anxiety n. be ~ to do sth.迫切要去做...... be ~ about..＝worry about/ be worried about...担心 He is too ~ to leave the lonely island.(too...to与anxious连用不表示否定) 37.any常用在否定句、疑问句、条件句中 Come to me if you have any question. no=not any全否 He has no brothers.= He has not any brothers. 38.apologize/apologise v.道歉 apology n. ~ to sb. for doing sth.=make an apology to sb. for doing sth.因某事向某人道歉 39.argue v.辩论；说服 argument n. ~ with sb. about sth. cf. debate quarrel 40.arm n. arms n.武器；怀抱 take sb. by the ~拉住某人的胳膊 ~ in ~ carry sth in one’s ~s抱着...... ~s sale军火销售 be armed to the teeth武装到牙齿 41.army n.军队；群 an ~ of ants一大群蚂蚁 42.arrive vi.到达 arrival n. ~ at a conclusion得出结论 ~ at an agreement达成协议 ~at/ in sp. cf. reach vt. come vi. 43.art n. artist n. artistic adj.艺术的 artificial adj.人工的；人造的 fine ~s美术 44.article n.文章；件 an ~ of clothing/ furniture 45.as prep.作为 work ~... serve ~... act ~... be famous ~... use A ~ B accept/regard/ treat/consider/ think of/ look at/take A ~ B把A当作B ~ it is事实上 mistake A ~ B误以为A是B as conj.按照；像 Dance ~ I showed you. as conj.随着；一边......一边 As time goes by, he has come to love Ningbo as his second hometown. He usually does his homework ~ he listens to music. as conj.虽然；尽管（倒装语序） Clever ~ you are, you have to work harder to fulfill your dream. Fast ~ you run, you can’t catch me up.=Run ~ you may, you can’t catch me up. =Fast runner ~ you are, you can’t catch me up. as conj.像一样He is ~ busy ~ a bee. He did the job ~ well ~ Bob did. Fan Wei is ~ funny an actor ~ Zhao Benshan. Peter is not ~/ so tall as Bill. as conj.由于 As you go to the bookshop, please get me a Harry Porter VI. as pron.(引导定语从句) I will buy such a pen ~ you are using. I study in the same school ~ Mary. Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. cf. Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it. 46.ashamed adj.羞愧的 be ~ of...对感到羞愧 47.ask v. ~ sb. for sth.向某人要...... ~ A after B向A问候B ~ for trouble自寻烦恼 ~ sb. to do sth. ~ to do sth. ~ to be done ~ about...询问；打听 48.asleep adj. fall ~ =go to sleep入睡（动作） be ~= sleep睡着（状态） be fast ~睡得香甜 49.assist vt.帮助 assistance n. assistant n.助手 an assistant professor副教授 50.attack v./n. be under ~遭到攻击 an air ~空袭 51.attempt n./v.努力；尝试 ~ to do sth.= make an ~ to do sth. in an ~ to do sth.努力/尝试去做...... 52.attend v.出席；照顾 attendant n.服务员 ~ to sb./ sth. 照料；从事；处理 53.attention n. attentive adj.注意力集中的 pay ~ to sth.注意...... draw sb’s ~ (to sth.)吸引某人的注意力（到......） 54.attract vt.吸引 attractive adj.有吸引力的；迷人的 attraction n.吸引（人的人或物） be attractive to sb.吸引某人 be attracted to sth. 被......吸引 55.average n./adj.平均(的) on (the) ~ 平均（来说） above/below the ~ 在一般平均以上/下 56.awake adj.醒着的 v.醒来（awoke/awoke; awaked/awaked） B 1.bad adj. (worse/worst) from ~ to worse每况愈下 go ~ 变质 Not ~.还好 2.badly adv. be ~ ill得了 need sth. ~ 急需 be ~ off生活较差 3.baggage u.n.行李 （=luggage） 4.balloon n.气球 5.bargain v. 讨价还价 n. 讨价还价；便宜货 a real ~便宜货 6.base n. 基地；基础 vt.以......为基础 ~ A on B A以B为基础/依据 be ~d on以......为基础 7.bath n.洗浴 bathe v. be bathed in the sunshine沐浴在阳光之中 8.bear vt.忍受；承受(bore/born-borne) He can’t ~ being looked down upon. He was born in Shanghai. They have borne three children. 9.beat v.打；击败（beat/beaten） 10.beauty n. beautiful adj. beautifully adv. beautify vt.美化 11.become/became/become link.v.系动词 12.because of=on account of=owing to prep. 由于 She cried because of what I had said about her work. 13.bed n. go to ~ (college/church/court/hospital)(零冠词)强调动作 be in ~ (college/church/court/hospital) 强调状态 make the ~ 14.beg v.乞讨；哀求 begging begged beggar n.乞丐 ~ sb. for sth. go ~ging去乞讨 15.begin/began/begun v. beginning beginner初学者 Well begun, half done.良好的开端成功的一半。 to ~ with首先=first of all in the beginning at the beginning of 16.believe vt. belief n.信仰；信念 17.bend/bent/bent v. 弄弯 ~ over sth. 伏在......上面 be bent over......一心想/做 18.besides prep./adv. 除了（以外） B~ English, we study five other subjects. I don’t like football; ~, the weather is too hot.(=what’s more; in addition ) 19.best do/try one’s ~ =do what one can=do everything (that) one can=spare no efforts=go all out尽力 all the best(wishes)祝好 20.better be ~ off富裕 be worse off贫困 had ~ =might as well最好 He’d ~ come earlier, hadn’t he? Better late then never. 21.beyond prep.在......以外 The beauty of the West Lake is ~ description. Sorry. This is ~ my power. 22.bill n.帐单 foot the ~ 埋单 23.biology n.生物学 biological adj.生物学的 biologist n. 生物学家 24.birth n. birthday birthplace at birth天生 give ~ to 生育 25.bite/bit/bit:bitten v.咬 Never bite off more than you can chew.要量力而行。 26.blame vt.责备 be to ~ (for doing sth.)因......而应受责备 ~ sb. for doing sth. 因......而责备 Don’t ~ the child for the broken glass. It was my fault. I wonder who is to ~ for the broken glass.=I wonder who to ~ for the broken glass. 27.blood n.血 bloody adj.血腥的 bleed v.流血 a bleeding nose a bloody war 28.blow/blew/blown v.吹 ~ up爆炸 ~ sth. up把......炸毁 ~ ...away把吹走 29.boil v. boiling water在沸腾的水 boiled water沸水 boiling hot超热 30.bone n. bony adj.瘦骨嶙峋的=skinny 31.brain n.大脑 brains智力 If only I had your ~s! 32.bottom n.底部 from the ~ of one’s heart 发自内心;衷心地 from top to ~从顶到底 B~ up！干杯！ 33.brave adj. bravely adv. bravery n. 34.break/broke/broken v. ~ down出故障；破除 ~ up破坏；解散；开垦 ~ into sp.闯入；侵占 ~ the law/rule违反 ~ one’s promise食言 ~ away (of)脱离 ~ forth/out爆发 ~ off折断；突然中断 ~ open撬开 ~ with与......断交 c.n.休息 take/have a ~ 35.breath n. breathe v. bath---bathe breathless adj.上气不接下气的 hold one’s ~ 屏住呼吸 lose one’s ~上气不接下气(动作) be out of ~上气不接下气（状态） catch a ~喘口气 breathe one’s last死 36.bring/brought/brought vt. ~ sb. up抚养 ~ sth. up呕吐;提出 bring sth. forward提出 37.Britain n. British adj. the Great Britain大不列颠 38.broad adj.宽阔的 abroad adv.在国外 aboard adv.在船（飞机、火车等）上 broaden vt.拓宽 39.broadcast/broadcast/broadcast vt.广播 ~ sth. live现场直播 Cf. cast/cast/cast forecast/forecast/forecast 40. build/built/built vt.建造；建设 building n. ~ ...up建造 ~ A into B把A建成B 41.burn/burnt/burnt v. ~ sth. up烧光 ~ sth. to the ground=~ sth down夷为平地 It’s ~ing hot. 42.burst vt.爆发；爆炸 ~ sth. up =blow sth. up炸掉 ~ into tears/laughter/cheers ~ out crying/laughing/cheering ~ into...闯入 ~ forth= ~ out= break forth= break out爆发 43.bury vt.埋葬 burial n.葬礼 ~ sb. alive活埋 44.busy adj. business n. Business is business.公事公办 Business before pleasure.先干正事后娱乐 be ~ (in) doing sth.= be busy with sth. go to sp. on business到......出差 get (down) to business 开始干正事 45.but conj. But me no ~s.不要辩解。 but for要不是因为 the last line but two倒数第二行 46.butcher n.屠夫 go to the ~’s去肉店 47.butter n.黄油 Bread and ~ is always my breakfast. 48.buy/bought/bought vt. I won’t ~ your story.我才不信呢。 49.by prep.乘坐 ~ bus/train/plane/ship/air/sea/water/land on/in a train in a plane C 1.call v./n. ~ for请求；要求；需要；呼吁 ~ at sp.参观 ~ on sb.访问 ~...off取消 ~ out大声叫喊 ~ forth...唤起；鼓起（勇气等） call (on) sb. to do sth.号召 2.camp v.宿营 n.帐篷 go camping去宿营 3.capital n.资本；首都 capitalism n.资本主义 capitalist n.资本主义者 adj. 资本主义的 4.care v. ~ for...喜爱；关心；照管 ~ about...关心；顾虑 care n. take ~ of...照料；照看 take ~当心；保重 under the ~ of在......的照料下 with ~ =carefully小心地；慎重地 5.carpet n.地毯 6.carrot n.胡萝卜 7.caryy vt. ~ sth. in one’s arms抱着 ~ sth. on one’s back背着 ~ sth. in one’s hands捧着 ~ sth. in one’s hand拿着 ~ sth. out实施；执行 ~ ...away带走；冲昏...的头脑 ~ sth. on继续下去 ~ through坚持到底 8.cart n. 马车 Never put the cart before the horse.不要本末倒置 9.case n.情况；案例；病历；箱子 in ~ 万一（可单独使用也可接句子） in ~ of万一(接名词、代词、动名词等) Take an umbrella in ~. Take an umbrella in ~ of rain. Take an umbrella in ~ it rain/in ~ it should(万一) rain. As is often the ~, Tom came late again. 10.castle n.城堡 a ~ in the air空中楼阁 11.catch/caught/caught vt.抓住 ~ sb. = ~ up with sb.追上 catch sight of突然看到 ~ hold of突然抓住 ~ (a ) cold得感冒 ~ sb.’s attention/ eye吸引的注意力 ~ sb. doing sth. be caught in a rain遭遇风雨等 be caught in/between the trees卡在树中 12.ceiling n.天花板 13.celebrate v. 庆祝 celebration n. ~ one’s birthday/Christmas/Easter/New Year’s Day (=mark/observe/keep) 14.center/centre n.中心；中部 central adj. 15.century n.世纪 the twelfth ~ 16.certain adj. ~ly adv. certainty n. 确定性 It is ~ that he will make it.=He is ~/sure to make it. be ~/sure about...对确信 17.chain n.链条；锁链 a ~ shop连锁店 a ~ smoker连续吸烟者 18.chair n.椅子 chairman主席；书记；懂事长 chairwoman chairperson The ~ is comfortable to sit in. 19.chalk u.n. 粉笔 a piece of ~ 20.chance n.机会 by ~ 偶然 take one’s ~碰运气；冒险 Chances are that he will win.=Possibly he will win. 21.change v./n.变化 ~/turn A into B 把A变成B ~ trains/planes/clothes换车、飞机、衣服 ~ for the better/worse边得更好/坏 ~ with...随着......而变化 ~ oneself=get ~d换衣服 Great ~s have taken place in China since the reform and opening up in 1979. 22.charge v.收费；控告；冲锋 ~ sm. sb. for sth. He ~d me $10 for the book. ~ sb. with (doing) sth. He was ~d of sealing books from the newsstand. n.主管；收费；控告；冲锋 in ~ of 主管 in the ~ of由......主管 free of ~免费的 23.cheap adj.便宜的 a ~ buy便宜货 24.check n.检查；控制；支票(cheque) a money ~汇票 v. 检查；控制 ~ one’s tears控制住眼泪 ~ in入住宾馆/进入商场等 ~ out ~...up核对；检查 25.chief adj.主要的；首要的 CEO=chief executive officer in ~ 主要地；尤其 an editor-in-~总编 a commander-in-~总司令 26.chimney n.烟囱 27.choice n.选择 have no ~ but to do sth.=have to do sth只好；不得不 adj.精选的 a ~ friend 好朋友 28.choose/chose/chosen v.选择 ~ to do sth. cannot ~ but do sth.=have no choice but to do sth. 只好；不得不 29.church n.教堂 go to ~做礼拜（动作） be in ~z在做礼拜（状态） a ~ goer信教者 30.cigar n.雪茄 cigarette n.香烟 注：-ette是表示“小”的后缀，如case, cassette。 31.cinema n.电影院 go to the ~/theatre/hotel 32.circle n.圆圈 in ~s The bees dance in ~s. 33.citizen n.市民；国民 citizenship n.国籍 senior ~s老年人 34.clap v. n.拍（手） 35.class n.课；班级；阶级；等级 world-class adj.世界级的 first-class adj.一级的 Class A最高级的 in /after/before ~ have ~es听课 36.clean adj.干净的； a ~ sweep完胜；全胜 vt.弄干净 clean...up扫除；收拾干净 cleaning n.扫除;擦 give sp. a thorough/spring cleaning大扫除 37.clear adj.清晰的；明亮的；（头脑）清醒的 be ~ about...对明了 make it ~ that...弄清楚；使人明白 vt.使干净；清除~...off清除；消散 ~...up整顿 ~ up放晴 38.clever adj.聪明的 be ~/quick/good/expert/skilful at...擅长 39.clinic n.医务所 40.clock n.钟表 around the ~=24 hours a day全天地 41.close adj.近的；亲密的 closely adv. 密切地；亲密地 be ~ to sth.靠近 be ~ at hand迫近 v.关闭 ~...down关闭；封闭 Zhang Fei liked sleeping with his eyes closed. 42.cloth u.n.布料 a piece of ~一块布料 c.n.有特殊用途的布，如桌布、擦脚布等 clothes n.衣服 a suit of clothes一套衣服 clothing u.n..衣服的总称 a piece/an article of clothing一件衣服 sugar-clothed pills糖衣药片 43.cloud n.云 cloudy adj.多云的 Soon the ~s lifted.云很快散去了。 44.club n.俱乐部 join the ~ 45.coast n.海岸 an island off the ~ a town on the ~ coastline海岸线 46.coffee n.咖啡 make ~/tea/bed煮咖啡/沏茶/铺床 black/white ~ 47.coin n.硬币 head正面 tail反面 Every coin has two sides. 48.cold n./adj.冷（的） leave sb. in the ~疏远某人 throw ~ water on...泼冷水；不赞成 catch a ~ 得感冒（动作） have a ~感冒(状态) 49.collar n.衣领 white-~ blue-~ pink-~ golden-~ gray-~ 50.college n.大学 go to ~上大学（动作） be in ~