全国公共英语等级考试(PETS)三级教育教案与记录材料精编版.doc

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Unit 1 Greeting and introuduction 　　Dialogues /monologues: 　　1、You can tell they lived during the Depression. 　　这里的"tell"是断定的意思，咳……常常把它的意思与(告知、告诉)联系在一起，脑子便转不过弯来。 　　此句意思应该是： 你可以断定他们生活在那时的大萧条期。 　　2、He really knows how to bring a person out. 　　"bring a person out."是“鼓励一个人的”的意思。 　　整句话的意思是：他非常善于鼓励别人/使别人振作起来。 　　PS：to bring sb. out 　　意思为：to make someone feel more comfident, happy, and friendly /使某人更加自信、开朗 　　3、he looks like his fun to be with. 　　整句话的意思是：他看起来是个很有意思的人。或，和他在一起应该会很有意思。 　　句子解析 　　4、since were going to recruit some staff so that we can get our new school going in time。 　　这里的since, 和so that 是基于...原因的意思.根据意思我将其译成: 届时...将...以便... 　　整句话的意思是：届时我们将聘请一些工作人员以便使我们的新学校及时开学. 　　5、Would you address character description for the commercial and industrial arts staff? 　　arts staff 怎么翻译? 　　==>你能够给商业与工艺美术的职员讲讲特征描述吗? 　　arts跟前面的commercial and indutrial连在一起看，而非与后面的staff: 　　(the commercial and industrial arts) staff. 　　6、There are a number of other positions to consider. 　　"A number of" 换成 "a lot of" 或者是”a great many”行不行，为什么? 　　==>可以换成a lot of或a great many of,因为position是可数名词。如果这里是不可数名词，则只能用 　　a number of代替而不能用a great many. 　　修饰可数/不可数都行：a number of/a lot of, 　　只能修饰可数：a great many of(与many性质一样) 　　7、Would you mind letting me take a look in your briefcase? 　　将"letting me"换成 "let me" 行不行，为什么? 　　==>不行，mind是动词，后面不能直接跟动词原形，一般接名词(或动名词),这里的letting是let的 　　动名词形式。 　　8、I’m afraid I certainly do mind, if it’s all the same to you. 　　“Do mind”与” all the same”什么意思? 　　==>do mind: 在英语中强调动词，用助动词do(各种时态)+动词原形。 　　==>all the same: 完全一样，用于强调。如： 　　Although you didnt complete it in time, I appreciate you all the same. 　　尽管你没有及时完成，我还是一样很感激你。 　　9、One day the life free from the harsh decrees of state-sponsored racial repression. (种族压迫) 　　在这句话中，state-sponsored 翻译成什么意思最好? 　　==>state-sponsored:国家发起的。用于修饰racial repression(种族压迫),是复合形容词，复合形容词的 　　相结合。 　　10、The state in which she was born had laws in place waiting to characterize her as unwelcome. 　　整句话的意思是：在她出生的洲有专门针对象她那一类人并将他们列为不受欢迎人士的法律。 　　11、Present was the usual mix that had so often accumulated into a burden too heavy for a single-parent household like the one Oprah Winfrey grew up in. 　　整句话的意思是：目前，这种平常的税收会不断地压迫在单亲家庭的身上,就象Winfrey 这样的例子. 　　12、One day the life free from the harsh decrees of state-sponsored racial repression. 　　整句话的意思是：有一天，生活可以从洲政府怂恿的残酷种族压迫中解放。 Passage: 　　The circumstances surrounding the birth of a female infant in Kosciusko, Mississippi, on Jan.29, 1954,were not promising present was the usual mix that had so often accumulated into a burden too heavy for a single-parent household like the one Oprah Winfrey grew up in. The state in which she was born had laws in place waiting to characterize her as unwelcome, to bar her participation in otherwise acceptable social activities, to shackle her to the residue of slavery and other injustices of the past. The simple truth is that her grandmother, her great-grandmother and all the great-great-grandmothers before them never experienced one day of life free from the harsh decrees of state-sponsored racial repression. 　　In hindsight, it appears that her birth was an uneventful one. But at age three she was reciting speeches from church pulpits. Upon discovering books, the child delved into the written word, turning out weekly book reports for her father. Even during turbulent times, not a moment was wasted. Seeds were being planted, watered, and nurtured. On April 13, 1964, nearly an adolescent and watching television from the linoleum floor of her mother’s walk-up flat in something deep inside of her. She was watching the live broadcast of the Academy Awards ceremony and saw a young African-American actor receiving the film industry’s highest honor. Sharing in that moment and all it implied she later told me, caused her to say softly to herself, “If he can do that, I wonder what I could do?” 　　The ground had been set. The journey of Oprah Winfrey had begun. The babe, the child, the adolescent, the young woman-all their strengths were harnessed into a force of astonishing power that placed itself in the service of nature and the human family. That the world has changed in meaningful ways since 1954 is beyond question. Oprah and her activities were driving forces in many of those changes. Her enormously influential talk show, her philanthropic work with children in Africa and elsewhere, her popular book club and magazine, her empowering spiritual message, her contribution (by action and example) to improving race relations-all speak to the human family, touching hearts and leaving each one uplifted. 　　Mississippi too seems to be mellowing out into a more congenial place than it was in 1954. that may also be partly due to the very special energy that is Oprah Winfrey-a courageous, funny, compassionate, well-informed, dazzlingly curious person, as down-to-earth and loving as any human being I’ve ever known. 　　参考译文: 　　故事的详情围绕在1954年六月29日出生于密西西比，科修斯科山的一个女婴。那时，对于像Oprah Winfrey (奥普来.温弗里)这样日常开销负担特别繁重的单亲家庭来说，她的出身并不是那么让人期待。她所在的国家，已经有适当的法律等候着将她列为不受欢迎的对象，阻击她参加其它合理的社交活动，让她背负上了奴隶制度剩余产物的枷锁，还有以往其它一些不公平的待遇。简单的事实就是她的祖母、曾祖母以及更早的一代之前，在政府纵恿的种族镇压法令下，从未经历过一天生命的自由。 　　之后的迹象表明，她的出生似乎平淡无奇。但是，在她三年的时候，便开始在教堂的讲道坛背诵演说，在发现了书籍的之后，她便钻研上面写过的句子，每周向她的父亲作一次书籍汇报。即使在那个动荡不安的年代，也从不浪费一刻功夫。种子正在播种灌溉。在1964年4月13日，她已成长为一个青少年，在她母亲那间无电梯的公寓的油布地毯上，电视里的一些东西深深地了触动了她。那时她正在看奥斯卡奖项的现场直播，一位年青的美国黑人演员被授予了电影行业中的最高荣誉。在分享那个神圣的时刻之后，她告诉了我所有这一切都在暗暗地促使她轻声地告诉自己“他能做到，难道我就做不到吗?” 　　道路已经被铺平了，Oprah Winfrey 开始了她的旅程。从婴儿到小孩、到青少年、再到年轻女士——万事俱备，使得她在服务于自然界与人类家庭上迸发出一种惊人的能力。从1954年起，毫无疑问，世界已经以一种积极的方式发生着改变。Oprah和她的脱口秀是其中的很多改变动力。她影响深远的脱口秀、对非洲乃至其它地方的小孩博爱举动、广受欢迎的书籍杂志俱乐部、激动人心的演说辞、以身作则为改善种族关系所作的贡献。这一切都讲给人类家庭，触动了他们的内心，每个人都深受鼓舞。 　　密西西比也受到了潮流的影响，比1954年看起来适意得多。其中的部分也许同样归功于Oprah Winfrey的非常独特的精神力量——一个勇敢、有趣、富有同情心、见识广博、闪耀着知识光芒的人，是我所知的人中最脚踏实地、让人钟爱的一个。 Unit 2 People 　　Phrases and Sentence: 　　1、 I dont ever want to have the effect on a person that this person had on me, where I was just blown away by disappointment. It took a few years to get over it. 　　PS：请高手重点解析”ever”的意思。 　　==>我甚至从未想过要给“给我留下印象的人”留下印象，在这一点上我感到十分失望。我用了许多年才克服这个毛病。 　　ever,在否定句中起加强语气的作用，not ever从未。 　　2、One thing I do is work with Make-A-wish. If an ill child’s one wish to see a celebrity and he picks me, then I make time to see him. But I have to be very careful with these kids, because if you get too attached, you’re just setting yourself up for loss. 　　PS：请高手重点解析” because if you get too attached, you’re just setting yourself up for loss. 　　”的意思。 　　==>我做的一件事就是带着许愿做事。如果一个病了的孩子的愿望是想看一个名人并且他选择的是我，然后我抽出时间去看望他。但是我必须非常小心的跟这些孩子相处，因为如果你太依恋，你会感到不舍。 　　because if you get too attached, you’re just setting yourself up for loss.因为如果你太依恋，你会感到不舍。 　　其中attch是：使喜爱，使依恋：因情感因素，如爱戴或忠诚使联结。 　　set oneself up for loss是引起自己处于受损失或失去的状态。 　　3、Thank you for giving me the inspiration to stick around, at age 50, you have to feel you’re contributing to something. 　　PS：请高手重点解析” you have to feel you’re contributing to something.” 　　==>谢谢你给我关于等待的启示，在50岁时，你必须感到你正在做贡献。 　　"you have to fell you’re contributing to something"这句话的意思就是：在50岁时，你必须感到你正在对某些事情做贡献。 　　4、We stayed at the Ritz-Carlton and just had a blast. Or I’ll give everybody a ride in the Ultra light-it’s a flying kite. 　　PS：请高手重点解析“ride”在这里怎么翻译。 　　==>我们待在Ritz-Carlton并开了个狂欢会。否则我会给每个人乘坐一下“超轻型”---一个飞行的风筝。 　　ride就是乘坐。 　　5、“One day I’ll have my own barbecue.” In other words, every generation gets to improve on the dreams of the last generation. 　　PS：请高手重点解析这段话的真正含义。 　　==>“有朝一日，我将拥有自己的烤肉(比喻:实现自己的梦想)。换句话说，每代人必须在他上代人的梦想上有所提高。 　　6、But it came with a price because when he was drinking, we had jobs and money. When he quit, we traded alcoholism for being dirt-poor. 　　PS：请高手重点解析“we traded alcoholism for being dirt-poor.”这句话的真正含义。 　　==>但是这有一定的代价：因为当他饮酒的时候，我们有工作和工钱。当他戒酒了，我们就只有借酒消愁穷困潦倒了。 　　we traded alcoholism for being dirt-poor：其中的trade sth. for sth.以...和...交易,以酗酒和穷困潦倒交易。 　　7、It got so bad that he either quit or got fired. 　　PS：请高手重点解析“so……that”在此句中的意义。 　　==>一般so...that是如此...以至于...的意思，这里上下句不是因果关系: 变得糟糕的是，他既没有辞职也没有被解雇。后半句that he either quit or got fired是so bad的补充状语从句，补充说明so bad的细节，不要太拘泥语法结构，更应该注重的是：1.英语语序特征，2.英语国家的人的逻辑思维特征。 　　8、He was a tool pusher essentially, sold drill bits to oil-drilling companies. 　　PS：翻译这句话。 　　==>他其实就是一个工具推销者，卖钻头给开采石油的公司。 　　9、I never think that I ‘m doing eight-minute cures on television. But I think that 50 percent of the solution to any problem lies in defining it first. I can be an emotional compass that points them down the path. 　　PS：请高手重点解析“cures”与“lies in”的意思，另外 “point……down”是词组吗? 　　==>我从未想过我在用电视做一个8分钟的治疗。但是我认为任何问题50%的解决方法在于先界定它。我可能是沿着路径指向它们的情感罗盘(指南针)。 　　cure：名词，治疗。point和后面的down可以认为没有关系，这里不是词组，down这里的意思是“沿着”，相当于along。down the path是介宾结构词组，在句中作points them的补充状语。 　　建议： 　　不要从语法分析着手来学习英语，因为这样效果很差。最好是提高阅读量，让一切语法变为理所当然的事情，让记忆单词成为阅读时的副产品。 Passage： 　　If a computer were to design the perfect U.N. Secretary-General, he or she would look something like this: African born; European and American educated, with decades of service in the U.N. system; married to a European; and possessing a quiet charisma and calm authority as chaos arises. 　　That the U.N. in 1996 found such a person to restore its sense of direction and purpose was a near miracle. But out of the U.N.’s failures in Bosnia, Somalia and Rwanda came Kopi Annan, the career international civil servant who had participated in these disasters yet somehow survived and learned from them. 　　Today Annan is in the middle of his second term. His task is not finished, and the U.N. is still far from what it should be. But Annan has tested the limits of the job, accumulating more authority-one cannot use the word power, given the constraints the U.N. system places on him-than any of his predecessors. 　　His complex relationship with the U.S. government is little understood. When Annan takes positions in public that are displeasing to the bush administration, it unleashes its attack dogs. Yet when administration officials found their policies in Iraq floundering, they asked the U.N. for help. Some observers told Annan that he should responsibility was to the cause of stabilizing Iraq. He began to work toward the decisive date of June 30, when the u.s. will hand over control to Iraqi authorities and an uncertain situation will prevail determined by factors way beyond his, or anyone else’s, ability to control. But it is Annan’s destiny to be handed the very worst problems after they have been unsuccessfully addressed by others. Anyone who knows him knows he wades into such problems with his usual blend of courage, self-control, modesty and optimism. 　　参考译文： 　　如果让电脑来设计一个完美的联合国秘书长，他/她应该是这样的：出生在非洲;在欧洲和美国接受教育;在联合国工作十年以上;配偶是欧洲人;出现混乱局面时能保持冷静、富有领导魅力的权威人士。 　　1996年联合国找到了这样一个人来恢复它的方向感和目的性，这简直就是个奇迹。联合国在波斯尼亚、索马里和卢旺达的行动失败后，科菲.安南却脱颖而出。身为国际公务员的他对参与了这一系列的空难性行动，幸存下来，并且从中学到很多东西。 　　现在，安南的第二任期已过一半。然而，他的任务还没有圆满完成，联合国离其理想状态还很远。但安南已经体验到了他这份工作的局限性——因为联合国体制对他的限制，他不能利用言语力量，然而他却比他的前任们积累了更多的权威性。 　　他与美国政府的复杂关系鲜为人知，当安南在公众面前的表现不能取悦布什政府的时候，美国就会攻击他。反过来，当美国政府官员发现他们的政策在伊拉克举步维艰的时候，他们却向联合国寻求帮助。有些观察家建议安南不要帮助美国摆脱困境，但是安南明白，自己最大责任是促成伊拉克局势的稳定。他开始朝6月30号这个决定性的日子努力，美国将会在这天向伊拉克政府移交政权，这将千万动荡局面。不管是安南还是其他任何人，在伊拉克问题上的成功与否都不会取决于他个人的控制能力。但是，安南注定要处理这些棘手的问题，而这些问题是由别人的失败造成的。所有熟悉安南的人都知道他将带着他一贯的勇气、自我控制能力、谦恭和乐观来介入这一难题。 Unit 3 House and Family 　　Phrases and Sentence: 　　1、 She soon called my attention to the fact that she couldn’t work full time and keep house, too. 　　call attention to(唤起注意) 　　keep house(当家) 　　2、 I guess I just took it for granted that a wife was supposed to take care of her kids and husband. 　　take it for granted：(视为当然) 　　be supposed to：(应该、被期望) 　　3、 You’ve got to get to know them. 　　have got to do：(必须做……) 　　get to：(在这里作“开始”的意思) 　　4、 But maybe I’d better take that back and give her a hand. 　　take bake：(在这里作“取消”的意思) 　　give Sb. A hand(抽出空或腾出手帮助某人) 　　5、 They put me in mood for Italian food. 　　put in mind：(使记起、提醒) 　　6、 I’ve put aside some money that I earned by doing some extra mechanical work. 　　put aside：(储存、备用) 　　7、 I was putting a machine together today. 　　put together：(把……加起来、装配) 　　8、 I am putting forth a lot of effect to make this tablecloth. 　　put forth：(生出、作出) 　　9、 Do you want me to put my needlework away? 　　put away：(在这里作“放弃、处理掉”的意思) 　　请注意上面5个以“put”打头的短语与词组的用法 　　10、I was going by the store near your house .. 　　go by：(顺便走访) 　　11、Your black purse and shoes go nicely with that dress. 　　go with：(伴随、与……相配) 　　12、He always goes beyond my expectations. 　　go beyond：(超出) 　　13、The kids can’t go along with you. 　　go along with：(一起去、附和) 　　14、Your offer goes to prove that you’re a wonderful mother-in-law. 　　offer：(在这里作为“提意”的意思) 　　go to：(愿意为定位、转到的意思，在这里引申为?) 　　15、You know I get sick every single time the temperature goes below 68. 　　go below：(下降) 　　请注意上面5个以“go”打头的短语与词组的用法 　　16、I could really go for a good comedy. 　　go for：(在这里作为“主张”的意思) 　　17、we can barely make ends meet. 　　ends meet：指收支平衡 　　18、Every thing I say goes in one ear and out the other. 　　goes in one ear and out the other.：(一个耳朵进，一个耳朵出。指听不进去的意思) 　　19、I’ve been keeping track of all of our phone bills. 　　keep track of：(明了、一目了然的意思) 　　20、I’ll have to call them and have them straighten it out. 　　straighten out：(改正、更正) Passage: 　　On the day the World Trade Center fell, the Empire state Building once again became the tallest building in New York City. In the months that followed, six of its commercial tenants ran off. They did not want to be in the tallest anything, anywhere, anymore. At a time when U.S. Vice president Dick Cheney was still being shuttled around to undisclosed locations, skyscrapers suddenly seemed like the most disclosed locations. For a while, it looked as though the tall building, at least in the U.S., might be one more casualty of war. 　　Three years later, despite fears of terrorist attacks, big is beautiful again. On July 4, New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg presided at the rise at the World Trade Center site. New skyscraper projects are under way once more elsewhere in the city and around the U.S. Meanwhile, outside the states, where the taste for tall buildings never really faded, the skyscraper has also been 　　poking its head up in very different ways, and not just for reasons having to do with security. Since the 1990s, tall buildings have been reshaped by a number of global architecture stars whose vision is finally beginning to penetrate the more conservation American market. 　　Some of the best examples of that rethinking now fill two large galleries of the Museum of Modern Art’s temporary outpost in Queens, New York. Using 25 spectacular architectural models (some of more than 4 m high), “Tall buildings”, a show that runs at MOMA through Sept.27, looks at the ways in which the skyscraper has evolved since the early 1990s, at least in the hands of its most gifted practitioners, the kind who are proposing-and even producing, but usually in other nations-buildings that don’t resemble the dull boxes that crowd most American downtowns. 　　Engineering is, among others, a path to new kinds of beauty. Just look at Renzo piano’s Lo