八年级上unit6广州汇总整理.doc

^. 教学目标 Unit6重难点知识梳理 重点、难点 现在完成时的用法 ,for 和Since的用法 考点及考试要求 教学内容 Unit 6 Ancient stories 【知识要点】 ★ Key words： 1. ancient adj. 古代的 in ancient times 在古代 ancient buildings 古代的建筑物 【拓展】近义词：old adj. 老的，旧的；反义词：modern adj. 现代的 2. war n. 战争，可数名词 the First World War 第一次世界大战 the Second World War 第二次世界大战 The two countries have been at war for five years . 这两个国家打了五年的战。 【拓展】反义词：peace n. 和平 People are against the war and for the peace. 人们反对战争，支持和平。 3. understand v. 懂，理解 注意：understand的过去式和过去分词都是understood. I don’t what the teacher said. 我不理解老师说的话。 4. difference n．差别；不同 <可数> different adj. 不同的；有差别的 differ v. 区分 Can you find out the differences between the two pictures? 常用搭配：be different from 与...不同 反义词：similarity n. 相像处;相似点 similar adj.相似的 be similar to 与...相似 5. *Greek n. 希腊人 Greek n. 希腊语 Greece n. 希腊 Ancient Greeks were often great thinkers． 古希腊人是伟大的思想家 6. soldier n. 士兵 Some people think they look like soldiers, and others think they look like animals . 有人认为它们看起来像士兵，有的人认为它们像动物。 7. huge adj. 巨大的，只能指体积的巨大或超过标准的巨大，相当于very large They live in a huge house. 他们住在一所巨大的房子。 8. pull v.（向某方向）拖，拉动 She pulled the drawer open. 她把抽屉拉开了。 固定搭配：pull down 把某物拉下，拆毁；pull out 拉出，拔出 【拓展】反义词：push vt. 推 9. main adj. 主要的 mainly adv. 大部分地，大体上，主要地 My main reason for learning English is to get a better job. 我学英语主要是想找一份更好的工作。 10. celebrate v. 庆祝；庆贺 celebration n. 庆祝；庆祝会（仪式） Tom celebrated his 24th birthday with his friends two days ago. The company will celebrate its tenth anniversary this year． 11. stupid adj. 笨的，傻的 foolish adj . 傻的；silly adj. 愚蠢的 Don’t be so stupid ! 别太傻了！ 12. midnight n. 午夜；子夜 at midnight 在午夜；在半夜 by midnight 在午夜前 They had to leave at midnight． 13. empty adj. 空的 反义词：full adj. 满的 My glass is empty. 我的玻璃杯是空的。 14. except prep. 除……之外 The museum is open every day except Monday． I can answer all of the questions except the last one． 【辨析】except, except for和besides (1)except介词“除......之外”，表示将一个或几个人或物从同一类人或物中排除。 All came except Tom．<说明：Tom和all都指人，同类。> We go to library every day except Sunday. (2)except for “除...之外”，“在说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正”，基本情况 和细节不属于同一范畴。 He is a good man except for hot temper．他是个好人，只是脾气暴躁。 <说明：temper和man非同一范畴，temper只是man的一个侧面。> Your composition is good except for some spelling mistakes. <说明：mistake和composition不是同一范畴。> (3)besides “除......之外还有” “其中所指的事物并没有被排除，而是先后包含在内” We all went shopping besides her. 15. secret adj. 秘密的 n. 秘密 The soldiers are training at a secret place． The police are trying to keep the documents secret． This is a secret between you and me． 【拓展】secretly adv．秘密地；机密地 He wore a hidden microphone to secretly record the conversations. 他身上藏了一个传声器，打算偷偷录下谈话内容。 16. quietly adv. 安静地 quiet adj. 安静的 The boy walked into the room quietly in order not to wake up his parents. All students must keep quiet when they listen to the speech． 17. army n. 陆军部队 固定搭配：join the army 参军 He joined the army when he was 17 . 他十七岁的时候加入了陆军。 18. succeed v. 达到目的；实现目标 succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 People have succeeded in sending astronauts onto the Moon. 【反义】fail v. 失败 failure n. 失败 Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母 【链接】success n. 成功；胜利 successful adj. 获得成功的 successfully adv. 成功地 19. trick n. 计谋 v. 哄骗；使上当 常用搭配：play a trick/tricks on sb. 捉弄某人 The thieves used a trick to get past the security guards． 窃贼们使计从安保人员身边溜走了。 They tricked me and I felt like a fool．他们欺骗了我，我觉得自己像个傻瓜。 【提示】trick 一词还有如下的常见含义： a. 把戏；戏法 The magician performed a trick and the rabbit disappeared． 魔术师变了一个戏法，结果兔子消失了。 b. 要领；窍门 Jack picked up this trick from his elder brother. 杰克从他哥哥那里学会了这个窍门。 20. steal v. 偷；窃取 （steal--stole---stolen） Her money has been stolen. 她的钱让人给偷了。 21. punish v. 处罚；惩罚 punishment n. 惩罚；处罚 The children were punished for telling lies. 孩子们因为说谎而受惩罚。 ★ Key structures: 1. Because they didn’t need to study so much history. (1) need 需要；必须 ①作为实义动词，其后宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式。有人 称和数的变化，助动词是does/do/did。 A.其后接名词或代词 We need a great deal of money now. 我们需要和多钱。 B. need doing 与 need to be done，接动名词表示被动含义 The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted. 那扇门需要油漆一下。 C. need to do sth. You need to take good care of your mother. 你要好好照料你妈妈。 ②用作情态动词 A.没有人称和数的变化。 B.不能单独充当谓语。情态动词必须与一个实义动词一起构成复合谓语，并且 这个实义动词始终是动词原形。 C.变为否定句时只需在情态动词之后加not。 D.变为疑问句时只需将need提到主语的前面。 You neednt worry. 你不必担心。 (2)so much “这么多”，修饰不可数名词；so many 同义，修饰可数名词 so much money 这么多钱 so much homework 这么多作业 so many friends 这么多朋友 so many people 这么多人 2. Now theyve given up and sailed away! 现在, 他们放弃了，驾船走了！ (1) give up意为“放弃；认输” give in 投降;屈服 My uncle was seriously ill, but the doctor didnt give up． They have to give in. (2) sail away是指“（人）驾船而走”。 3. “But look over there，”a soldier said．“Theyve left a huge wooden horse.” (1) look over意为“从（某物上面）看过去”。 look 的其他短语: look for look after ___________ look up _____________ look around _____________ (2) leave是及物动词，leave-left-left a. leave v. 遗留，留下 She left some food for her husband. leave sb./sth + 地点介词短语: 把某人（物）遗忘在... Mary has left her wallet on the underground train. I’ve left my umbrella on the bus. 【复习拓展：】 a) leave v. 离开 When did you leave London? b) leave for + 地点 动身去某地 I’m leaving for Beijing next month. c) 表示“放置，听人，使处于某种状态” Don’t leave the door open. / Leave him alone. d) 作名词，“许可，准假” ask for sick leave a three week’s leave e) “还剩...” Don’t worry! There is still 5 minutes left. / There is only one apple left. 4. They sang and danced around the horse, and made jokes about the stupid Greeks. joke n. 玩笑 【常用搭配】①make jokes about =laugh at =make fun of 拿…开玩笑；以…为笑柄 You shouldn’t make jokes about the poor girl. ②have a joke with sb. 与某人一起说笑话 ③play a joke/jokes on sb 戏弄某人=make fun of= laugh at ④tell jokes 讲笑话 5. I haven’t laughed like this since my childhood. (1) since+时间点= for+时间段 e.g. He has lived in Shenzhen since 2010. =He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years. (2) childhood 童年 child 孩子 children 复数 6. They locked all the gates of the city and then all went to sleep. (1) go to sleep = go to bed 上床睡觉，强调动作 (2) fall asleep = be asleep 睡着了，强调状态 (3) sleepy adj. 欲睡的;困乏的 She was still tired and sleepy when he woke her. 他叫醒她的时候，她仍然又累又困。 7. By midnight, the main square was empty, except for the huge horse. (1)by prep. 不迟于；到……时（为止） Can you finish the work by tomorrow? 你能在明天以前完成工作吗？ (2) empty adj. 空的 反义词：full adj. 满的 (3) except for 除……之外，但是for后面接的宾语与句子的主语属于同一类 辨析：except, besides, but与except for besides except except for (包括其后的内容) （排除其后的内容） （对前文内容的修正说明） 8. The horse was full of Greek soldiers! They quietly climbed out of the horse one by one. (1) be full of = be filled with 充满…… e.g.The glass is filled with milk. = The glass is full of milk. (2) one by one 一个接着一个 step by step一步步 9. In one night, they succeeded in capturing it through a clever trick. succeed in doing sth = do sth successfully 成功地做了某事 【拓展】(1) success 不可数名词,“成功;成就”；可数名词,“成功的人或事” Both plans have been tried without success. 两个计划都已试过，但未获成功。 The plan was a great success. 这项计划极为成功。 (2) successful adj. 成功的 a successful teacher 一个成功的老师 Grammar 现在完成时Since和for的用法 　　Since 和 for 的用法 表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。 Since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间(数词+量词)，此划线部分用how long提问。 　　一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 如： Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。 　　He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。 　　二、for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。 如： 　　We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 　　I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。 练习：用since和for填空 1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month 4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock 7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here .现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较： I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到） I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明） 针对性训练 1、 Mike ______ (become )a worker in the factory in 1998. He ______ （work） there since then. 2、 It ______ (take) me two hours to finish my work yesterday. 3、 Li Yuchun ______ (win )the first prise in the Super Voice Girls Competition in 2005. 4、 He ______ (sleep )very late yesterday. 5、 Mrs Green ______ (teach )in No.14 Middle School for ten years. 【实战演练】 一、强化词汇。 1. Can you tell the ＿＿＿＿＿（不同）betweenthe two pictures? 2. Jane’s father speaks English well. He can make himself (理解) when he travels all over the world. 3. His uncle died in the World ＿＿＿＿＿(战争) II. 4. We will all have a course in ＿＿＿＿＿(古代的) history this term. 5. He wants to be a ＿＿＿＿＿(士兵) when he grows up. 6. The ants were ＿＿＿＿＿(拖) pieces of corn. 7. The ＿＿＿＿＿(主要的) thing is to have a good balance. 8. There are lots of h＿＿＿＿＿building in Beijing. 9. The villages ＿＿＿＿＿(庆祝) the Dragon Boat Festival by having a dragon boat race last Wednesday . 10. The concert last night wasn’t very good. Before it ended, the theatre was almost e＿＿＿＿＿. 11. All the question are easy e＿＿＿＿＿the last one . 12. It was ＿＿＿＿＿(愚蠢) of me to do that. 13. An old man was sitting on the ＿＿＿＿＿(侧面) of the road. 14. I’ve hidden (藏)the letter in a s＿＿＿＿＿ place . 15. Please e＿＿＿＿＿ the house by the back door. 16. There they formed an ＿＿＿＿＿(军队) of about two thousand men. 17. So far, we’ve ＿＿＿＿＿(成功) in saving thousands of people in danger. 18. The teacher ＿＿＿＿＿(处罚) her students for cheating in the exam. 19. Elizabeth II is the ＿＿＿＿＿(女王) of England. 20. I think someone has ＿＿＿＿＿(偷) my jacket. 21. Excuse me, ＿＿＿＿＿(先生），can you tell me the time? 22. The classroom (场，一段情节) in the play made us laugh a lot –it reminded us of our school . 二、根据首字母或括号提示完成单词。 1. People in China c___________ the Dragon Boat Festival to remember Qu Yuan. 2. Can you figure out the d___________ between these two hairstyles? 3. He is a ___________（希腊人），but he lives in London all the time. 4. The whale is a very h__________ animal. 5. There is nobody in the room. It is e__________. 6. It is a s__________. Dont let another person know. 7. The Japanese want to c__________ our country in 1937. 8. Did you notice Meimei e___________ her room at two oclock? 9. Im very upset because everyone else in my class was invited to the party e___________ me. I feel so lonely. 10. The boy likes reading stories about a history. 三、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. It is necessary for us_____________ (understand) the importance of health care. 2. Doing lots of listening practice is one of the___________ (secret) of becoming a good English learner. 3. If you want to get the best score, try ___________________ (work) hard. 4. Your pen is green; mine is _________________ (difference) from yours. 5. He needed (lie) down and rest. 四、选择适当的词组完成句子。 每个词组仅使用一次。(注意词形) give up pull . . . into make jokes about except for one by one take ... with be full of look over 1. Would you please help me_______________ the heavy wooden case_______________ the room? 2. The beach was very crowded. It _______________ people from all over the world. 3. Jackie wore a strange pair of shoes to school today, and the boys all________________ him. 4. She dressed all in black__________ a pair of white earrings. 5. Many people ________________ iPads _______________ them everywhere today. 6. Alice is a strong girl. She never_______________ easily. 7. The teacher asked the students to come into the classroom __________________to check if they dressed neatly. 8. When I stood on the top and ____________ the mountains, I felt so happy and just wanted to spread my wings across the sky. 五、单项选择： 1. —I usually go there by train. —Why not__________ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 2. When you speak English, you must make yourself __________. A. understand B. understood C. to understand D. understanding 3. There are many__________ between these two books. A. different B. difference C. differences D. differents 4. My school is__________ my sisters school. A. different B. difference C. different from D. difference from 5. Try your best__________ the best scores. A. get B. got C. to get D. gets 6. Every year I ________the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worse garden in the town! A. enter B. entered C. entered for D. enter for 7. ---All the workers went home yesterday_______ Mr. Black. Why? ---Because he was on duty. A. except B. besides C. except for D. beside 8. The room is too crowed. It is_________ people. A. empty B. full C. full of D. filled 9. The suit fitted him well___________ the color was a little brighter. A. except for B. except that C. except when D. besides 10. Does John know any other foreign language__________ French? A. except B. but C. besides D. beside 11. He________ finished his homework yet. A. doesnt B. havent C. hasnt D. doesnt have 12. ---Have you________ travelled on the train? ---Yes, I have. A. never B. ever C. just D. yet 13. We havent finished our homework________. A. already B. ever C. yet D. never 14. My mother has worked in this factory________ 2 years. A. about B. for C. in D. since 15. They are from Greece and they are ________ . A. Greece B. Greeks C. Germany D. German 16. They couldnt ________the city and at last they got it by a small trick. A. catch B. capital C. captain D. capture 17. MoYan is a ________writer, and everyone in the world knows his________. A. successful; successful B. success; succeed C. successful; success D. succeed; success 18. They got the first prize