人教出版初一上册英语学习知识重点归纳情况总结 .doc
-*人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距。二、be动词的用法be动词有三种变形,分别是:am, is, are。记忆口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用于他、她、它;单数全都用is,复数全部都用are。三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)1、三种人称:第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you, you),第三人称(he, she, it, Maria)。2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态:me, us, you, you, him, her, it。4、形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。5、名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。6、反身代词:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数)zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。2、特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。六、可数名词变复数可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1、规则变化:(1)一般情况直接在词尾加-s ,如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;(2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加-es ,如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加-es ,如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;(4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为ves ,如:knife-knives, half-halves等;(5)以o结尾的词,加-s 或-es ,如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀:除了英雄hero外,凡是能吃的,加-es ,不能吃的加-s 。2、不规则变化:(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;(2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;(3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当。主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称三单)时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非三单时,谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变三单的规则如下:(1)一般动词在词尾加-s ,如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;(2)以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加-es ,如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;(3)以o结尾的动词一般加-es ,如:do-does, go-goes等;(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-而是,如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;(5)have的三单形式是has。八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词)冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种。1、定冠词the表示特指,可译为这个、那个、这些、那些。2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是一个。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前。3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调数量,而基数词则强调数量。九、助动词(do, does )的用法只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例:(1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及主谓一致原则。eg : I like English a lot.Michael likes Chinese food very much.(2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为三单时,要使用does;当主语为非三单时,用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句:Kangkang likes math.-Kangkang doesnt like math.They like sports.-They dont like sports.(3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句:Michael likes Chinese Food.-Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesnt.Jane and Helen like music.-Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they dont.十、名词所有格1、Kangkangs books;Tom and Helens desk; Anns and Marias bikes;2、用of表示.的,但要从of后往of前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书)3、have与of的区别:have一般表示主动拥有,往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能主动拥有,表示所属关系时要用of。例如:I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.a door of the house十一、初一英语上册知识点之课本中的知识点1、Unit 1 -Unit 2(1)问候语:Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.How are you?-Just OK, thank you. How are you?-Not bad, thanks.Hi! Hello!How do you do?(2)道别用语:Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面,see用于熟人间)Nice to meet/ see you, too.Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!(3)介绍人或者物的句型:This is.(4)Excuse me.与Im sorry.的区别:Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而Im sorry.则是向对方道歉。(5)词组be from = come from(6)当问句中问到this/ that时,回答要用it;问到these/ those时,要用they来回答。 例如: Whats this in English?-Its an eraser.What are those?-They are books.(7)对Thanks.的回答:Thats OK./ Youre welcome./ My pleasur.(8)look the same = have the same looksgive sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.be like = look likein the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on,否则用in)in red(穿着红色的衣服)in the desk(在空间范围之内)in English(用英语)help sb. do sth.(9)both与all的区别:both表示两者都.;all表示三者及以上都.。2、Unit 3-Unit 4(1)speak的用法speak与say不同:speak表示说的动作,不表示说的内容;say则表示说的内容。speak后面除了能接语言外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示对.说。help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习.)want to do sth.(想要做某事)would like to do sth.not.at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)like.a lot = like.very much(2)some和any的区别:口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any。例如:I have some money.I dont have any money.Do you have any money?(3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐)(4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)祈使句一般都省略了主语You,所以其否定句直接用Dont开头。例如:Dont go there!(5)问职业:What does sb. do?What is sb.?Whats sb.s job?(6)work与job的区别:work是未必有报酬的工作,例如homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的工作。(7)on指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如:on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground(8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里)look after(照料/照顾/照看)help oneself(请自便/随便吃)9)表示建议的句型:做某事如何?What about (doing) sth.? (英式英语)How about (doing) sth.? (美式英语)Why dont you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?(10)吃一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supperhave.for breakfast/ lunch/ suppertake ones orderbe kind to sb.(11)try on这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间。(12)在口语中往往用take表示买。(13)how many与how much的区别:how many + 可数名词;how much + 不可数名词(14)What do you think of.? 是询问对方对某事物的看法;How do you like.? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。think about(考虑)Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢)Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作为动词,不能单独使用。)(15)one与it的区别:当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如:Ann :I have a yellow bag.Jane :I have a green one.Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?Mike : Look, its over there.(16)倒装句Here you are.Here it is.(17)be free (有空/免费)forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)Whats up? = Whats wrong with.? = Whats the matter with.?(18)go + v.-ing结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的。例如:go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等(19)have to do sth.(非主观因素,强调客观因素,不得不去做某事)must 则表示主观愿望(20)fly a kite = fly kitesbe free = have time(21)句型该干某事了。:Its time to do sth. = Its time for sth.例如:该吃午饭了.Its time to have lunch. = Its time for lunch.(22)时间的表述当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时,用分钟past小时。例如:8:23-twenty-three past eight当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时,用剩余的时间to下一个整点。例如:8:49-eleven to nine当然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:8:23-eight twenty-three; 8:49-eight forty-nine整点则在数词后加-oclock,例如:8:00-eight oclock在钟点前介词要用at.
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人教版初一上册英语知识点归纳总结
一、48个国际音标及26个英文字母的正确书写
要熟练掌握元音和辅音,5个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u),字母的正确占格及单词间距。
二、be动词的用法
be动词有三种变形,分别是:am, is, are。记忆口诀:
"我"用am, "你"用are, is用于"他、她、它";单数全都用is,复数全部都用are。
三、人称及人称代词的不同形式(主格和宾格)
1、三种人称:第一人称(I, we),第二人称(you, you),第三人称(he, she, it, Maria)。
2、人称代词的主格,即人称代词位于句子主语位置时的形态:I, We, You, You, He, She, It, Maria。
3、人称代词的宾格,即人称代词位于句子宾语位置时的形态:me, us, you, you, him, her, it。
4、形容词性物主代词:my, our, your, your, his, her, its, their。
5、名词性物主代词:mine, ours, yours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs。
6、反身代词:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves。
四、基数词(表示数量多少的词,大致相当于代数里的自然数)
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three,twenty-four, twenty-five, twenty-six, twenty-seven, twenty-eight, twenty-nine, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty,seventy, eighty, ninety, one hundred,one hundred and one。
五、一般疑问句及特殊疑问句
1、一般疑问句:能用Yes或No来回答的问句。一般疑问句句尾读升调。
2、特殊疑问句:不能用Yes或No来回答的问句。特殊疑问句句尾读降调。
六、可数名词变复数
可数名词变复数时,有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1、规则变化:
(1)一般情况直接在词尾加"-s ",如:cake-cakes, bag-bags, day-days, face-faces, orange-oranges等;
(2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的词,要在词尾加"-es ",如:bus-buses, watch-watches, box-boxes等;
(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词,变y为i再加"-es ",如:baby-babies, country-countries, family-families等;
(4)部分以f (e)结尾的词,变f (e)为"ves ",如:knife-knives, half-halves等;
(5)以o结尾的词,加"-s "或"-es ",如:zoo-zoos, photo-photos, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes等。记忆口诀:除了"英雄"hero外,凡是能吃的,加"-es ",不能吃的加"-s "。
2、不规则变化:
(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母:man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth等;
(2)单、复同形:sheep-sheep, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese等;
(3)其他形式:mouse-mice, child-children等。
七、简单句的成分及主谓一致原则
最基本构成:主语+谓语+宾语,其中谓语由动词来充当。
主谓一致原则,就是句子的谓语要始终与主语保持数量上的一致性。当主语是第三人称单数(简称"三单")时,谓语动词也要相应变成单数形式;当主语非"三单"时,谓语动词就用原形。实意动词变"三单"的规则如下:
(1)一般动词在词尾加"-s ",如:like-likes, tell-tells, play-plays等;
(2)以字母s, x,ch, sh结尾的动词加"-es ",如:guess-guesses, teach-teaches, watch-watches等;
(3)以o结尾的动词一般加"-es ",如:do-does, go-goes等;
(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加"-而是",如:fly-flies, carry-carries等;
(5)have的三单形式是has。
八、冠词的用法(名词前面必须要有冠词)
冠词分为定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)两种。
1、定冠词the表示"特指",可译为"这个"、"那个"、"这些"、"那些"。
2、不定冠词a, an用来表明(可数)名词的数量是"一个"。an用于以元音开头(注意不是以元音字母开头)的单词前,a则英语非元音开头的单词前。
3、不定冠词a, an与基数词one的区别是:不定冠词不是刻意强调"数量",而基数词则强调"数量"。
九、助动词(do, does )的用法
只有实意动词作谓语时才涉及使用助动词。以like为例:
(1)当句子为肯定句时不涉及使用助动词,只涉及"主谓一致"原则。
eg : I like English a lot.
Michael likes Chinese food very much.
(2)当句子为否定句时,要根据主语的人称来决定使用相应的助动词:当主语为"三单"时,要使用does;当主语为"非三单"时,用助动词原形do。例如把下列句子变否定句:
Kangkang likes math.----Kangkang doesnt like math.
They like sports.------They dont like sports.
(3)当句子变疑问句时,同样要根据句子的主语来决定在句首使用Do或Does.例如下列句子变问句:
Michael likes Chinese Food.----Does Michael like Chinese food? Yes, he does./ No, he doesnt.
Jane and Helen like music.----Do Jand and Helen like music? Yes, they do./ No, they dont.
十、名词所有格
1、Kangkangs books;Tom and Helens desk; Anns and Marias bikes;
2、用of表示"......的",但要从of后往of前翻译:a book of mine(我的一本书)
3、have与of的区别:
have一般表示"主动拥有",往往用于有生命的人或动物;无生命的物体一般不能"主动拥有",表示所属关系时要用of。例如:
I have a new bike. She has two big eyes.
a door of the house
十一、初一英语上册知识点之课本中的知识点
1、Unit 1 --Unit 2
(1)问候语:
Good morning/ afternoon/ evening.
How are you?---Just OK, thank you. How are you?---Not bad, thanks.
Hi! Hello!
How do you do?
(2)道别用语:
Nice/ Glad to meet/ see you.(meet用于初次见面,see用于熟人间)
Nice to meet/ see you, too.
Goodbye. Byebye. Bye. See you (later/ tomorrow/ next time)! So long! Good night!
(3)介绍人或者物的句型:This is...
(4)Excuse me.与Im sorry.的区别:
Excuse me.是要引起对方的注意,而Im sorry.则是向对方道歉。
(5)词组be from = come from
(6)当问句中问到this/ that时,回答要用it;问到these/ those时,要用they来回答。 例如: Whats this in English?----Its an eraser.
What are those?----They are books.
(7)对Thanks.的回答:Thats OK./ Youre welcome./ My pleasur.
(8)look the same = have the same looks
give sth. to sb. = give sb. sth.
be like = look like
in the tree/ on the tree (树上结的、长出来的用on,否则用in)
in red(穿着红色的衣服)
in the desk(在空间范围之内)
in English(用英语)
help sb. do sth.
(9)both与all的区别:
both表示"两者都......";all表示"三者及以上都......"。
2、Unit 3--Unit 4
(1)speak的用法
speak与say不同:speak表示"说"的动作,不表示"说"的内容;say则表示"说"的内容。
speak后面除了能接"语言"外,不能直接接东西,后面加了to则表示"对......说"。
help sb. with sth.(帮助某人做/补习......)
want to do sth.(想要做某事)
would like to do sth.
not...at all(一点都不);Not at all.(没关系/别介意)
like...a lot = like...very much
(2)some和any的区别:
口诀:some用于肯定句,否定、疑问变any。例如:
I have some money.
I dont have any money.
Do you have any money?
(3)have a seat = take a seat(请随便坐)
(4)祈使句(表示命令或请求的句子)
祈使句一般都省略了主语You,所以其否定句直接用Dont开头。例如:
Dont go there!
(5)问职业:
What does sb. do?
What is sb.?
Whats sb.s job?
(6)work与job的区别:
work是未必有报酬的"工作",例如homework, housework;而job则一定是有报酬的"工作"。
(7)on指在物体的表面,不论这个面是否水平的,例如:
on the desk/ wall/ farm/ playground
(8)in hospital(住院);in the hospital(在医院里)
look after(照料/照顾/照看)
help oneself(请自便/随便吃)
9)表示"建议"的句型:"做某事如何?"
What about (doing) sth.? (英式英语)
How about (doing) sth.? (美式英语)
Why dont you do sth.? = Why not do sth.?
(10)"吃"一日三餐要用have:have breakfast/ lunch/ supper
have...for breakfast/ lunch/ supper
take ones order
be kind to sb.
(11)try on这个词组可合可分:名词可以放在这个词组的中间或后面,但代词只能放在词组的中间。
(12)在口语中往往用take表示"买"。
(13)how many与how much的区别:
how many + 可数名词;how much + 不可数名词
(14)What do you think of...? 是询问对方对某事物的看法;
How do you like...? 是问对方对某事物喜欢的程度。
think about(考虑)
Thank you all the same. (即使对方没能帮上忙,也要礼貌道谢)
Thanks. = Thank you.(thank作为动词,不能单独使用。)
(15)one与it的区别:
当上下文说的是同一种类事物时,任意一个可以用one来代替;如果上下文所说的是同一个事物时则用it。例如:
Ann :I have a yellow bag.
Jane :I have a green one.
Tom : Hey, Mike. Where is your bike?
Mike : Look, its over there.
(16)倒装句
Here you are.
Here it is.
(17)be free (有空/免费)
forget to do sth.(忘了去做某事)
forget doing sth.(忘了做过某事)
Whats up? = Whats wrong with...? = Whats the matter with...?
(18)go + v.-ing结构的含义:为了实现某目的才去的。例如:
go fishing/ boating/ swimming/ shopping等
(19)have to do sth.(非主观因素,强调客观因素,"不得不去做某事")
must 则表示主观愿望
(20)fly a kite = fly kites
be free = have time
(21)句型"该干某事了。":Its time to do sth. = Its time for sth.
例如:该吃午饭了.
Its time to have lunch. = Its time for lunch.
(22)时间的表述
当分针所指的时间大于0分、小于等于30分钟时,用"分钟"past"小时"。例如:
8:23--twenty-three past eight
当分针所指的时间大于30分钟、小于60分钟时,用"剩余的时间"to"下一个整点"。例如:
8:49--eleven to nine
当然,还可以直接按照小时、分钟去读出时间,例如:
8:23--eight twenty-three; 8:49--eight forty-nine
整点则在数词后加"-oclock",例如:8:00--eight oclock
在钟点前介词要用at.
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