全攻略高级中学英语阅读理解题型体裁解读解题技巧窍门及其练习进步(附规范标准答案).doc

\\ 高考英语阅读理解技巧点拨—推理判断题 （一）题型复习 阅读理解归纳为以下四大题型，根据阅读理解题考查角度的不同，可采用不同的解题技巧来应付。 Ⅰ.事实细节题 Ⅱ.猜测词义题 学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。在阅读解题时要注意从以下七个方面着手： 1）根据定义或解释、说明猜测生词的词义 2）根据对比关系猜测生词的词义 3）通过因果关系猜测词义 4） 根据生活常识猜测词义 5）根据同等关系猜测词义 6）根据列举的事例猜测词义 7）根据构词法知识猜测词义 Ⅲ.推理判断题 做这类题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。不要主观臆断，凭空想象，任意发挥，而走入误区。学生要学会运用主题句去推测、揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用归纳、对比、演绎技能，运用背景知识去挖掘文章深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感情基调(如：否定、厌恶、反问、讽刺等)。这类试题常以如下句式发问： ①What can you conclude/ imply from this passage? ②What’s the author’s attitude（态度）towards...? ③We can infer /learn from the passage that... Ⅳ.主旨大意题 这种题型要求考生能够把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。 一般主旨大意题可以分为两类： 1．确定文章的标题和主题(title or topic) 标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。要确定文章标题，首先，要在阅读原文的基础上，考虑标题是否与主题密切相关；其次，看标题是否能概括全文内容。不能只概括短文中的某些事实或细节；然后，要注意标题范围不应太大或太小；最后，标题应简练并能吸引读者。即:1、独特新颖 2、概括性强 3、短小精炼。 常见的标题型题干： 1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be________. 2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______. 3)What is the best title for the passage? 4) What’s the topic of the article? 2.主题句（topic sentence）及主旨大意(main idea)的概括 一篇文章一般表达一个中心内容或主题。这个中心内容或主题通常用一个句子来概括。此句叫做主题句。一般来说，说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能在文中直接找到主题句，要求读者把握每段的主题句，弄清段于段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展. 常见的主题句和主旨型题干： 1) What is the topic sentence of the passage? 2)This article/text/passage mainly tells that _____________. 3) Which of the following gives a general idea of the passage? 4) Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? 阅读推理判断题分类： 1. 推断隐含意义 It can be inferred from the text that________________________. The story indicates that______________________. 标志性词语：infer, indicate, suggest, imply, conclude... 2. 推断作者观点或态度 What does the author think of __________________? Whats the authors attitude toward_______________________? In the authors opinion, _________________________. 标志性词语：according to the writer, attitude, think, opinion, consider... 3. 推断写作目的 What is the authors main purpose in this passage? In the passage the author wants to tell__________________________. The article is intended to ____________________________________________. 标志性词语：purpose, intend to, show, want ... 4. 推断文章出处 Where would this passage most probably appear? The passage is most likely a part of ______________. 标志性词语：be taken from, appear, a part of, be taken out of ... 5. 推断人物的观点、情感、品性 Sb think that _________________. What do we know/learn about sb in the text? How did …feel about…? 标志性词语：attitude, learn form, know from, feel about ... 6. 推断读者对象或文章的作者 Who probably wrote the letter? Who is the passage written for? Who are the intended readers of the passage? 标志性词语：the intended reader, writer, author… 7. 推断作者的情感 How does the author feel about_______________? The writer probably feels that______________________. 标志性词语：feel, feel about... （二） 练习 Find the answers to the inference questions in the reading personally. 第1题When I was a teenager, my mother’s broken English embarrassed me. But now, I see it differently. To me, my mother’s English is perfectly clear, perfectly natural. It is my mother tongue. Her language, as I hear it, is vivid, direct, and full of observation and wisdom. It was the language that helped shape the way 1 saw things, expressed ideas, and made sense of the world. [2010年广东卷A篇44] What does the author think of her mother’s English now? A. It confuses her. B. It embarrasses her. C. It helps her understand the world. D. It helps her tolerate rude people. 第2题Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient. … Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that the battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.【2010山东卷D篇75】 The text is most probably a _________________. A. science news report B. book review C. newspaper ad D. science fiction story 第3题Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is still the most influential medium around. Indeed ,for many of the poorest regions(地区)of the world, it remains the next big thing——finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, because the TV revolution is changing lives for the better. ... Too much TV has been associated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influence on the lives of billions worldwide. The author intends to____________. [2010年福建卷B篇62] . A.stress the advantages of TV to people’s lives B.persuade women to become more independent C.encourage people to improve their reading skills D.introduce the readers some websites such as Google 第4题Dress to impress: Stylist and business consultant Daniela Smith says, “Girls should keep in mind that your college professors will often be the bridge that connects you to your future career and your classmates will become your professional network. You don’t need to dress like you’re going to the office, but you should display an ability to properly present yourself with appropriate maturity and confidence, and look put together.”[2011年广州市高三年级调研测试A篇26] The second paragraph indicates the importance of ________. A. impressing professors B. getting on well with classmates C. creating a professional image D. dressing appropriately 【拓展训练】 第5题* But in London, dinner parties are in peoples homes. Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guests were from France, India, Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations. In New York the mix is less striking. Its like a gathering at Bloomingdales, a well-known department store.[2010年辽宁卷B篇62] What does the author think of the parties in London? A. A bit unusual. B. Full of tricks. C. Less costly. D. More interesting. 第6题** ... My mother has long realized the limitations of her English as well. When I was fifteen, she used to have me call people on the phone to pretend I was she. I was foxed to ask for information or even to yell at people who had been rode to her. One time 1 had to call her stockbroker (股票经纪人). I said in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, "This is Mrs. Tan. "[2010年高考广东卷A篇42] From Paragraph 2, we know that the author was _________ . A. good at pretending B. rode to the stockbroker C. ready to help her mother D. unwilling to phone for her mother 第7题*** ... He talked to me because he wants his editors to demand so much more of him. He wants to be pushed, challenged, coached to new heights. The reporter believes that good stories spring from good questions, but his editors usually ask how long the story will be, when it will be in, where it can play, and what the budget is. He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what hes doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. Thats what you want for him, too, isnt it? ...[2010年高考北京卷B篇60] What does the writer think of the reporter? A. Optimistic. B. Imaginative. C. Ambitious. D. Proud. 第8题** Columbus College , 241 Queen Elizabeth Drive ,Kowloon City To: All Staff From: Jakie Mok , Secretary;Sports Development Committee Date: May 20, 2010 A week ago , “Sports for Life” pregramme was sent to the parents, requiring them to select a sport they wanted their child to play. Since then , our staff have received lots of calls from parents asking for more information about it . Here is a memo (备忘录) for your reference when you answer the phones. ...[2010年高考福建卷D篇71] The purpose of the memo is to_____________. A.attract students’interest in the programme B.require the parents to select a sport for their child C.help the staff explain the programme to the parents D.remind teachers and lifeguards to be present on time 第9题* One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches（蟑螂） and two spiders（蜘蛛）.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition as I found it.” The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment，it was ______. A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects 高中阅读理解文章体裁解读 （一）阅读方法 1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 在使用阅读技巧时尽量做到以下几点： 1.带着问题阅读短文。 2.找出主题句、确定中心思想。 3.推断单词、句子和文章的含义。 4.尽快选择答案。 （二）不同体裁文章的特点及解题技巧 1.记叙文 记叙文又可分传记类和故事类。传记类文章在阅读中时间是全文的关键，根据时间我们可以找到相关的事件，抓住文章的主要内容。故事类文章情节性较强，阅读时要注意故事中的时间、地点、人物和发生的事件，这些都是文章中的主要内容和信息，对于准确理解文章十分重要。 2.说明文 说明文是对事物的形状、性质、特征、成果或功用等进行介绍，解释或阐述的文章。把握所说明事物的特征和本质是理解说明文的关键。说明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定义法、解释法、比较法、比喻法、数字法、图表法、引用法和举例法等。 l 数字说明文 在阅读数字说明文时要特别注意文中数字的含义，从这些数字中可以找到文章的主要内容。 l 解释说明文 解释说明文着重说明事物的本质、特征和功用等。许多科普文章都属于这一类。在阅读这类文章时要学会解决what,how,why等一类的问题。它们是文章的关键。如能带着这些问题阅读，将会更迅速抓住文章的主题。 l 比较说明文 比较说明文是通过对比方法说明问题。在阅读这类文章时要善于把握全篇陈述的基本倾向。作者在谈论一个有争议的问题时总要顾及到争议的各个方面。但是，在一般情况下，作者的陈述总要倾向于某一种观点。 3.应用文 应用文涉及的范围比较广，包括广告、通知、书信等。应用文一般语言简洁，省略及不规范的句子较多。阅读时一般要求考生全面掌握文章中提供的信息，并运用这些信息去解决问题。因此对题干的理解尤为重要。 阅读理解的考题分为客观理解题(是指在短文中客观存在的事实，客观信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。即理解文中的具体事实或抽象概念)和主观理解题(这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案，须通过阅读文章对文章主旨和深层含义有更深理解，并据此进行判断和推理)。其中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目，要在平时的练习过程中，结合具体的题目，给学生进行解题方法的指导和讲解。对于客观题，要提醒他们阅读时关注文章的细节，如时间，地点或一些具体数字，在选择答案时，务必从原文中找到确切的依据。 高中阅读理解解题步骤 一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。 二、看题干，带着问题读文章。 三、 逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。 四、 猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。 基础练习 故事类 (1) Son’s Help Mr. Lang worked in a factory. As a driver, he was busy but he was paid much. His wife was an able woman and did all the housework. When he came back, she took good care of him and he never did anything at home. So he had enough time when he had a holiday. A few friends of his liked gambling(赌博) and he learned it soon. So he was interested in it and hardly forgot anything except gambling. He lost all his money and later he began to sell the television, watches and so on. His wife told him not to do it but he didn’t listen to her. She had to tell the police. He and his friends were punished for it. And he was hardly sent away. After he came out of lockup(拘留所), he hated her very much and the woman had to leave him. It was New Year’s Day. Mr. Lang didn’t go to work. He felt lonely and wanted to gamble again. He called his friends and they came soon. But they were afraid the police would come. He told his five-year-old son to go to find out if there were the policemen outside. They waited for a long time and didn’t think the police would come and began to gamble. Suddenly opened the door and in came a few policemen. “I saw there weren’t any policemen outside, daddy,” said the boy, “so I went to the crossing and asked some to come.” 1. Mr. Lang was paid much because _______. A. he was a driver B. he worked in a factory C. he had a lot of work to do D. he had worked there for a long time 2. Mrs. Lang did all housework because _______. A. she couldn’t find any work B. she thought her husband was tired C. her husband spent all time in gambling D. she wouldn’t stop her husband gambling 3. _______, so he was put into lockup. A. Mr. Lang often gambled B. Mr. Lang was late for work C. Mr. Lang didn’t help his wife at home D. Mr. Lang wasn’t polite to the police 4. The woman had to leave Mr. Lang because _______. A. he didn’t love her any longer B. he wouldn’t stop gambling C. he had been put into lockup D. he was hardly sent away by the factory 5. Which of the following is right? A. The boy hoped his father to be put into lockup again. B. The boy thought his father needed some policemen. C. The boy hoped his father to stop gambling soon. D. The boy hoped his mother to come back. 教育类 （2） Students in many countries are learning English. Some of these students are small children. Others are teen-agers. Many are adults. Some learn at school, others by themselves. A few learn English by learning the language over the radio, on TV, or in film. One must work hard to learn another language. Why do all these people want to learn English? It is difficult to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school because it is one of their subjects required for study. They study their own language and maths and English: Some people learn it because it is useful for their work. Many people learn English for their work. Many people learn English for their higher studies, because at college or university some of their books are in English. Other people learn English because they want to read newspapers or magazines in English. 1. People learn English _______. A. at school B. over the radio C. on TV D. not all in the same way 2. Different kinds of people want to learn English _______. A. together with other subjects B. for different reas** C. for their work D. for higher studies at colleges 3. From this passage we know that _______. A. we can learn English easily B. English is very difficult to learn C. English is learned by most people in the world D. English is a useful language but one must work hard to learn 4. Which of the following is right? A. We don’t need to learn any foreign languages. B. We can do well in all our work without English. C. English is the most important subject in schools. D. We should learn English because we need to face the world. 科技类 （3） The computer is a useful machine. It is the most important invention in many years. The oldest kind of computer is the abacus(算盘), used in China centuries ago, but the first