仁爱英语八年级上期中复习资料纲要.doc

*- （仁爱）八年级上期中考试复习纲要---英语 1、 期中考试时间：11月中旬 2、 期中考试范围：一、二单元 3、 考试知识点梳理及典型例题： 考点一： be going to、will、be+doing现在进行时结构表示一般将来时 ①be going to+动词原形，表示即将发生的动作或情况。be动词随着主语的人称和数的变化而变化； 否定句： 主语+be+ not+ going to +动词原形 一般疑问句：Be+主语+going to +动词原形 回答为：Yes, 主语+be; No,主语+be not. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+be+主语+going to +动词原形 there be句型用在一般将来时中，其结构为：There is/are going to be…/There will be… 注意：have不可以出现在there be句型中； 典型例题 ( )1.—There_____ a talk about how to learn English this Saturday. —Exciting news. A. are going to be B. is going to be C. is going to have D. will have ( )2.There_____ more roads, trees and taller buildings in Beijing in the future. A. is going to be B. will have C. will be D. are going to have ②will/shall+动词原形，表示一般将来时。shall一般用于第一人称I, we；当人称代词与will连用时，will可缩写为“’ll” 否定句：主语+will+not(won’t)+动词原形 一般疑问句：Will +主语+动词原形 回答：Yes, 主语+ will; No,主语+ won’t. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+will+主语+动词原形 注意：一般用shall提问的时候，不用shall回答 典型例题 ( )1.—Shall I take my camera for the picnic? —______. It’ll be fun. A. Good idea! B. I’d love to C. I’m sorry to hear that D. Thanks. ( )2.—There_____a basketball game between our class and Class Five this afternoon. Would you like to cheer us on with me? —Yes, I’d love to. A. have B. will be C. will have D. are going to ③ 主语+be doing，可以用现在进行时表示将来要发生的事，能用于这种情况的动词多是一些表示位置转移的词，例如leave, come, go, arrive, fly等，都可用现在进行时表示将来； 典型例题 ( )1. Li Ping ______the USA the day after tomorrow with her parents. A. leaves to B. left to C. is leaving for D. leaves for ( )2. My sister _____Beijing tomorrow. She works there. A. leaves B. is leaving for C. leaves for D. is leaving 考点二：：主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(Unit 1 Topic 2) 在英语中，有些及物动词可以跟两个宾语，一个叫间接宾语，一个叫直接宾语，物作直接宾语，人作间接宾语； 主语+谓语+间接宾语（人）+ 直接宾语（物） =主语+谓语+直接宾语（物）+ 介词 + 间接宾语（人） 常见的能跟双宾语的动词有： pass, kick, bring, throw, buy, lend等 kick sb. sth. = kick sth. to sb. pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. buy sb. sth.= buy sth. for sb. 典型例题 1. Please pass me the book! (改为同义句) Please pass the book ______ ______. 考点三：情态动词的用法 (Unit 2 Topic 1,2,3) 情态动词后接动词原形，没有人称时态和数的变化；否定形式直接+not; ① should / shouldn’t+动词原形，意为“应该/不应该……”,表示现在或将来的义务和责任，也用来表示劝告，提出建议等 ② had better / had better not+动词原形，意为“最好/最好不要……”,表示对别人的劝告，建议或表示一种愿望。had常缩写为’d,没有人称和时态变化； You’d better not read in the sun. 你最好不要在阳光下读书； ③ must +动词原形，意为“必须，一定要”，表示说话人的意志和义务或说话人强烈的的要求和命令； must的否定形式为mustn’t,表示“不应该，不准，禁止”； 一般疑问句，将must提前至主语，肯定回答用must,否定回答用neen’t或don’t have to; —Must I go now? 我现在必须走吗？ —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t/ don’t have to. 是的，你必须走。/不，你不必； ④can /may+动词原形 can表示能力，意为“能，会”，可与be able to互换； 表示允许，意为“可以，能够”，在口语中代替may; Can/ May I borrow your pen? 我可以借一下你的笔吗？ 表示“可能性”，常用于否定句或疑问句 Can it be true? 那会是真的吗？ may,意为“可以”，表示允许或征询对方的许可；在回答may引导的疑问句时，肯定回答用Yes, you may; 否定回答用No, you mustn’t . / No, you can’t. ⑤ have to+动词原形，意为“不得不，必须”，have有has, have, had三种变形； 否定句：主语+don’t /doesn’t/didn’t have to+动词原形 一般疑问句：Do/ Does /Did+主语+have to+动词原形 肯定回答：Yes, you do.　　否定回答：No, you don’t. 典型例题： ( )1.—Must I return the book tomorrow morning? —No, you_____. You_____ keep it for three days. A.mustn’t; may B.mustn’t; must C.needn’t; can D.needn’t ; must ( )2. She_____ know the answer, but I’m not sure. 　 　 A.need B.has to C.may D.must ( )3.—I’m sorry I broke the window. —You____ play football near the window. A.should B.shouldn’t C.had better D.must ( )4.—May I use your pen? —Sure, ______. A. my pleasure B. I’m afraid not C. go ahead D. that’s OK. ( )5.—Must I talk with my father, Mum? —No,______. He is busy now. A. you can’t B. you don’t have to C. mustn’t D. have not to ( )6.—Must I finish my homework before I go home? —No, you_____. But you_____ finish it before tomorrow afternoon. A. mustn’t; must B. must; mustn’t C. needn’t; must D. needn’t; mustn’t 考点四：take part in, join in和join (Unit1 Topic 1) 三者都有“参加”的意思，但是用法不同： join表示加入某人，或者加入某一组织，例如army（军队）, party（党派）, club（俱乐部）等； take part in/ join in表示参加某项活动，例如game（比赛）, sports meet（运动会）等 典型例题 ( )1. —What are you going to do in the sports meet? —I’m going to ______ the high jump. A. join B. take part in C. be D. take part ( )2.My brother is going to _____ the basketball team. He likes basketball very much. A. joined B.take part in C.join D. took part in 考点五：It is +形容词+to do sth.句型 (Unit 1 Topic 2) It is +形容词+（for sb.） + to do sth. 意为“(对于某人而言）做……是……的”。这是一个由it作形式主语的句型，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式； It is important for us to learn English well. （形容词important是修饰to learn English well的） 对于我们来说，学好英语是重要的； *对比：It is +形容词+(of sb.)+to do sth. 意为“(某人)做……是……的”，形容词是修饰sb.的； It is kind of you to help me. （形容词kind是修饰you的） 你帮助我太好了。 典型例题： ( )1. ______ necessary to keep our school clean. A. This B. That C. It’s D. One ( )2.It is important______us_____learn English well. A.for; to. B. to; to. C.for; in D.to; in ( )3. —Do you think _____is necessary______students to sleep for eight hours every day? —Yes, I think so. A. it; for B. it; of C. that; for D. that; of 考点六：How long与How often (Unit 1 Topic 1) ①How often是对频率的提问，意为“多久一次”，回答往往是表示频率的词，如“Once/Twice a week”,“基数词+times”等； 例：—How often do you exercise? 你多久锻炼一次； —Twice a week. 一周两次 ②How long是对时间段的提问，意为“多长时间/多久……”,回答往往是时间段，如“Two weeks”,“A month”等； 例：—How long will you stay in Beijing? —About two months. 典型例题： ( )1.—______ do you read newspaper? —Every day. I think it’s good for us. A.How long B.How often C.How many D.How much ( )2.—______ have you been like this? —Three weeks. A. How long B.How often C.How far D.How soon ( )3.—______ is she going to play the game? —About two hours. A. When B. How often C. How long D. How soon 考点七：Would you mind doing sth…?句型（Unit 1 Topic 2） Would/Do you mind doing sth…?意为“你介意做某事吗？”，常用来表示委婉的请求； 回答时，表示可以，用：Not at all. / Of course not. /Certainly not./ 表示介意，反对，用：Sorry. / I’m sorry about that./You’d better not./ I’m afraid you can’t. 否定形式为mind not +doing sth. 意为“介意不做某事吗？” 例：Would you mind not smoking here? 请你不要在这里吸烟好吗？ 典型例题 ( )1.—Would you mind______ the window? —Of course not. I feel hot, too. A. not open B. not opening C. my opening D. to open ( )2.—Would you mind______ here? —I’m sorry about that. I won’t do it again. A. not taking photos B. no take photos C. not taking photos D. not take photos ( )3.—Would you mind______the window, please? It’s too cold. —Of course not. A. opening B. to open C. closing D. to close ( )4.—Would you mind my______here, Mary? —You’d better not. It’s for Miss Smith. A. sitting B. sit C. sat D. to sit 考点八：boys’ 800-meter race数词+名词+形容词结构 boys’ 800-meter race 意为“男子800米撒泡”，这是一个“数词+名词+形容词结构”，通常作定语，其中每两单词之间加一个连词符，其中的名词要用单数形式； 注意：boys’意为“男子的……”,在boy的后面加s’; 典型例题 ( )1. We had a sports meet last Sunday. I took part in the _______ race. A. boy’s 800-meter B. boy’s 800 meter C. boys’ 800-meter D. boys’ 800 meter ( )2. Li Ming will take part in the boys’______. A. 800-meter race B. 800-meter races C. 800 meter race D. 800-meter-races ( )3.I have a bad cold. I want to ask for_____ leave. A. two days B. a two-days C. a two-day D. two-day 考点九：excited 与exciting excited 形容词，意为“（人）感到激动的，兴奋的”，主语一般为人； 例：The students were excited about the good news. 学生们对这个好消息感到很激动。 exciting 形容词，意为“（事物）令人激动的”，一般修饰事物； 例：The movie is exciting. 这场电影很令人兴奋。 典型例题 ( )1. He was so______when he heard the ______news that he got first place in the match. A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited C. excited; excited D. exciting; exciting 考点十：enough的用法 enough 形容词 意为“足够的，充分的”，作定语或表语； 例：enough time足够的时间 enough money足够的钱 enough 副词，意为“足够地；充足地”，位于形容词或副词之后； 例：careful enough足够认真 quickly enough足够快 典型例题 ( )1.—How old is Jim? —He is 7 years old. He is ______ to go to school. A. old enough B. young enough C. enough old D. enough young ( )2.Don’t worry. He is ______ to take care of himself. A. carefully enough B. enough careful C. careful enough D. enough carefully ( )3. Don’t worry. We have_____ time to catch the last bus. A. enough B. a few C. little D. lot of 考点十：不定代词 something, anything, nothing等都是不定代词。当形容词修饰不定代词时，修饰词要放在这些不定代词的后面； 例：I have nothing interesting to tell you. 我没有什么有趣的事要告诉你。 典型例题 ( )1. I’m so glad to hear there is______ serious with my friend’s leg. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing ( )2.—What’s the matter with her? —It’s______. Don’t worry. A. nothing serious B. serious nothing C. serious something D. something serious ( )3.—Where are you going for your holiday? —I’m going______ with my friends. A. famous somewhere B. somewhere famous C. famous anywhere D. anywhere famous 考点十一：固定搭配 during the summer holidays 在暑假期间 hope (not）to do sth. 希望(不)做某事 cheer sb. on 激励某人/为某人加油 prefer doing A to doing B 喜欢做A事胜于喜欢做B play for 为……效力； play against 和……比赛 grow up 长大成人 be good at = do well in 擅长于…… be good/bad for… 对……有益/有害 make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事； make sb. /sth. +形容词 使某人/物怎么样 keep fit= keep healthy 保持健康 keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事 keep sb./sth. +形容词 让某人/物保持…… arrive in+大地方； arrive at+小地方 ； 到达…… leave for+地点 动身前往……. shout at sb. 冲某人（生气地）喊叫 do one’s best to do sth.= try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大的努力做某事 with the help of sb. = with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 so +形容词/副词+that…. 如此……以至于……. so that 为了 follow the rules 遵守规则 stand for 代表 do badly in 在……做得不好 have a cold 感冒 have the flu 得了流感 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 stay up 熬夜 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事 as soon as 一……就…… use sth. to do sth. 用……去做…… go ahead 去吧/进行吧/干吧！ build sb. up 增强……的体质/使更强壮 keep away from 远离 ring sb. up 给某人打电话 take a message 捎口信 leave a message 留口信 by oneself 独自，单独 say no to doing sth. 拒绝做某事 4、 易错点 ① see sb. do sth. 与see sb. doing sth. see /hear sb. do sth. 看见/听见某人做某事，强调看到动作的全过程，或者经常看见/听见； see/hear sb. doing sth. 看见/听见某人正在做某事，强调动作的正在进行； 类似的用法还有feel, watch, listen to等 ( )1.I often see the girls_____ in the room. They’re very pleased. A.dance B.dances C.dancing D.to dance ( )2.Listen! Can you hear a baby_____? A.cry B.crying C.to cry D.cried ② good与well good是形容词，作定语或表语； 例：a good girl (定语，修饰girl) The girl is good. (表语) well既可是形容词，意为“身体好”，也可是副词，修饰实义动词； 例：She played the piano well. (well修饰play) ③ one of +形容词最高级+可数名词复数，意为“……之一”；作主语时，谓语动词用单数； 例：One of the boys is called Jim. 其中的一个男孩叫做吉姆； ④ a number of与 the number of a number of +名词复数+谓语动词复数，意为“许多的，大量的” the number of +名词复数+谓语动词单数，意为“……的数量” A large number of children______ watching TV. My son likes, too. A. likes B. like C. liked D. to like ⑤ 重点日常用语 ( )1.—My mother is ill in hospital. —_____. A. That’s OK. B. All right C. Thank you D. I’m sorry to hear that. ( )2.—May I use your pen? —Sure, ______. A.my pleasure B.I’m afraid not. C.go ahead. D.that’s ok.. ( )3.—What’s wrong with you, Jane? —______. A.I’m fine. Thanks. B.I do well in English. C.I have a toothache. D.I’m having a good time ( )4.—I’m sorry to keep you working so long. —______. A.I don’t think so B.Don’t say so. C.It’s nothing. D.I’d love to. ( )5.—I‘m sorry for being late for school, Miss Liu. —________. A.Of course B.Never mind C.I hope so D.Sure, I’d love to ( )6. —When shall we meet tomorrow? —Let’s_____ half past nine in the morning, OK? A. take it B. make it C. do it D. meet it ( )7.—Is Mr. Green seriously ill? —______. He is in hospital now. A. I don’t think so B. I’m afraid so C. I’m afraid not D. I hope so 5、 考场注意 1. 发下试卷后，先看听力材料，不要东张西望，窃窃私语； 2. 仔细听老师的考前要求，切记写试卷标头； 3. 冷静认真答题； 4. 注意时间分配； 5. 不要慌，切勿受周边同学影响； 6. 作文要写上去，不要出现空卷现象； 7. 认真按要求填涂答题卡，不明白的举手问老师。 最后，祝同学们取得好成绩！