初级中学介词用法情况总结.doc

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初级中学 介词 用法 情况 总结
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,. in 功能 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 表示时间 在某段时间 朝代、古今、世纪、年代、年、季、月、星期、早、下午、晚上、过去、将来等不具体的、模糊的大于1天的时间段。 (注意和at在这方面的区别:at指的是短于1天的时间点) in Tang dynasty; in the 19thcentury; in 1980; in this year; in spring; in a week; in a month; in the morning 2 表示位置 在某个地方 国家、地区、省、市、区、太空、天空等…(自然意义上的地方) in china; in huabei; in Beijing; in the sky 在某个场所 车、教室、超市等(注意和at在这方面的区别,at一般用在:家、角、店、站、口等可能有和露天接触的地方) inthe train; in the classroom; 甲处于乙中… 除实物里面外,注意“光、灯、影、树荫、雨、森林”,有全身置入某种环境之中的含义在内。 We are in the classroom; They are sitting in the shade of a tree; They are studying in the brightlight. 3 表示将来 在…以后 用在一般将来时中,是从“现在时间点往后..” They will come back in 10days 4 语言、单位、材料 / 关于“材料“,注意和with在这个用法上的区别。 (with偏向“工具”,in偏向“材料”) I wrote a novel in Russian;The length is measured inmeter, and centimetre;This board was cast in gold. 5 状态方面服饰 / 状态:既可以指人的状态,也可指物的状态;方面:既可指具体,也可指抽象方面;服饰:尤以颜色和状态常考 He wasn’t in good health,so talk in low voice.Ourcountry in rich in natural resources;Agood teacher must be an example in studyHe is in red shoes today 初中 阶段 应掌握的 In的 常见短语 介 词 短 语 in all 总计;in general 一般来说;in time 及时;in advance 事前;in the meantime 与此同时;in place 适当地; in the hope of怀着……希望;in connection with 和……有关;in contact with 和……联系;in addition to 除……以外;in case of 倘若,万一;in conflict with 和……冲突;in force 有效的,大批;in depth 彻底地;in regard to 关于;in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近;in retrospect 回顾,一想起;in behalf of 代表……利益;in the long run 从长远说来;in ones opinion 在……看来;in word 口头上;in a word 总之;in vain 无益地, 白白地;in case 如果,万一,以防;in detail 详细地;in haste 急急忙忙地;in conclusion 总之;in spite of 尽管;in other words换句话说;in return 作为回报;in the name of 以……名义;be confident in 对……有信心;be interested in 对……感兴趣;in doubt 怀疑;in love 恋爱中;in debt 负债;in hesitation 犹豫不决;in wonder 在惊奇中;in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地);in a good mood (情绪)好; in danger, in debt(负债), in a hurry;in stock(有库存);inpeace(平安) (at peace和平), 动词 短语 believe in信任; break in break in闯入,插嘴,打断;bring in引起;产生;带来; come in进来;流行;call in下令收回; take in吸收、卷起;订阅,上当,受骗; turn in上缴,归还;fill in填充;get in收获;succeed in成功;check in到达登记,cut in插嘴,插入;count in包括;draw in时间接近; drop in顺路拜访;givein投降、屈服; go in for 参加;爱好,追求;hand in交上,上缴;pour in源源而来。 on 功能 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 表示时间 在某天或一天内的某个时间段 在星期几、具体的某一天or某日的早、中、晚(时间前有定语修饰) OnSunday(Mon.Tue…);on May 12th 1998;on the night of Oct.29th;onWed.morning;on a cold night;on children’day(核心提示:所有的节日都是用on) 2 表示位置 (具体)在……上面 与物体表面相接触(注意与above\over的区别) Thereare a lot of books on the shelf;Onthe face; on the head;on the floor\football field\playgroud\road\roof\On the farm \on the market(常考) (抽象)在……上面 收音机、电视、电话、网络、手机、问题、纸张(所有有形的,无形的“新闻媒体上”都是用on) OnTV; on radio; surf on the internet;on the phone;Youare wrong on all these issues 在……(边)上 左、右、两边 Onthe left; on the right; on both sides; thereis a hotel on the lake 3 表示状态 处于…状态 人或者物的目前状态; Onduty; on show; on fire; on strike; on sale;on business;on schedule; on time;onthe country;on scale 4 表示关系 关于…文章or论著(高中阶段掌握) On指专门论述(注意和about相区别) Iwant a book on South Africa.Hewrote an article on the importance of birth control 靠…… 相当于depend on的含义 The people in the south liveon rice;Youcant afford the expensive ring on an income of 1000 yuan a month; on foot 5 特定时间 一…就…(高中阶段掌握) 相当于as soon as+主语的含义 On entering the room, hefound his friends dancing; 初中阶段应掌握In的常见短语 介词短语 Onthe spot当场;立即;on the run在逃跑中;On the air在广播中;on fire着火;on time准时;on duty值日;on strike罢工; on sale上市;on the country相反地;on schedule按时间表,准时; on business公事; on display在展出;on the one hand一方面;on the other hand另一方面; on one’s way to在…路上;on one’s own=by oneself;on top of;and so on等等;on purpose故意,专门特别注意:乘坐交通工具都用by,但on foot 步行;onhorse骑马;on donkey骑驴 动词短语 Bring on引起,导致;call on号召,拜访;decide on 决定;depend on依靠,取决于;get on上车;相处;进展; go on继续; get on with进展,相处; look on旁观,观望;look on…as把……看/当作;look down on看不起,轻视;pass on传递,传交;hand on传递下去;put on表演,上演;戴/穿上;假装;take on 呈现,具有;流行;承担,雇用;turn on打开(灯,气,水,电器等);work on继续工作, 钻研(学问或技术); carry on继续开展,坚持; holdon 继续;(电话)不挂断;抓牢,坚持;try on试穿。 at 功能 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 表示时间 在…时刻\岁时 In是时间段,at是时间点,相对更精确 Atnoon;at night;at midnight;at dawn;at lunch;at breakfast;at supper;atdinner;at the moment;at the same time;at once;at the beginning of;at the endof;at the age of; at daybreak;at sunrise;atsunset; at 7 o’clock…… at(on) the weekend常考 2 表示地点 在……位置或场所 家、脚、角、店、站、口、底、中心、核心 at the foot of;at the corner of ; at the crossroads;at the gate of;athe bottom of; atthe top of;at the center of; at a distance;at the edge of ;at home;at thebarbar’s;at the airport;at the station; at 405 Victory Road … 3 表示度 速度 以…速度 Thecar ran at 120miles an hour; At full speed 温度 在…度 Waterusually boils at 100; at10 degrees centigrade 价格 按…价格 Thepen was sold at a good price; at low cost 4 表示方向 朝…,向… 表示动作的方向 Aimat向..瞄准;shout at向..大喊;throw at向..扔;smile at向..微笑;rushat向..冲去;fire at向..开火 5 表示原因 由于(高中阶段掌握 一般用在系表结构中,对形容词的原因进行说明 Iwas surprised at the news;Hewas discouraged at his failure 6 表示能力 擅长于… 固定考点:be good at;be bad at;anexpert at Heis good at drawing(at后接名词或动名词) 初中阶段 应掌握 at的常见短语 介词短语 atfirst 首先,开始时;at last;at most;at least 至少;at all events 无论如何;at home 在家,无拘束;at a loss 不知怎办;at any rate 不管怎样;at length 详细地;be at high tide 处于高潮期;at our invitation 应我们的邀请;at our request 应我们的请求;at the news 听到这消息;at the risk of 冒……危险;at a great expense 以巨大费用;at intervals of 每隔;at the sight of 一见到at the point of 接近,靠近;at the thought of 一想到;at the speed of 以……速度;at the cost (price) of 以……为代价;at leisure 闲着、失业;at stake 在危险中、在成败关头;at bottom 实际上、本质上;at short notice 一得到通知;at seeing us 看到我们;at the present stage 在现阶段;at the weekend 周末;at all times 永远; 动词短语 call at访问(某地);come at袭击,攻击; get at意指,本意是;理解;到达; knockat 敲打(门窗),敲击; look at看; work at从事, 致力于, 钻研; laugh at嘲笑;glare at怒目而视; glance at匆匆一瞥;point at指向 about 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 关于、有关 Thisis a book about how to study english 2 大约…, 近于… 表示时间或数量 Iwill be with you in about 3minutes;Thereare about 30students in the classroom. 3 到处,在…周围,附近 相当于here and there Hewalked about the street. 4 Whatabout…?(习惯用语) About为介词,所以后接动词ing形式 Whatabout taking a break? 动词短语 go about着手,四处走走;set about着手,开始;worry about为…担心; come about 发生;care about关心、在意; bring about引起,带来,导致;knock about漫游;lookabout四处看看,四处环顾;set about doing着手做,开始;turn about向后转;think about考虑(是否去做);argue about争论; know about了解;hear about听说;ask about询问;chat about闲聊;quarrel about争吵;speak/talk about谈论;complain about报怨 above 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 高于, 在…之上 表示位置、地位、年龄、价格、量(重、数、度)、音调等 Themountain is 2000meters above the sea level(位置);Iknow youre above me socially, but I must say you are rude man(职位)Theold lady is above eighty(年龄);Thereare above forty girl students in the class(数量);Ourprivate car weighs 1.8tons(重量);Anymoney earned over that level is taxed(度量) 2 非…能力所及,超出 能力、行为、品质等 The maths problem is above me;Honest above everything else;He is above doing such things(他不至于做出那样的事情来) 介词短语 Above all首先,最重要的是,最要紧的是;He was above all a good andtireless writer; above all, we must be health across 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 横过、穿过 表示动作的方向 Heswam across the river;Thepoliceman helped the old man walk across the street. 2 在对面,在那一边 表示位置上的对应关系,在隔着的对面 Helives across the street;Japanlies across the pacific ocean 常见短语 Come across偶遇;get across横穿马路;能理解,被听懂;run across偶遇,横跨; against 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 撞到、紧靠 表示动作的方向,有靠、撞击的意思 Ihave hit my head against a wall; Shestood with her back against the tree; Therain beat against the windows 2 反、逆、违背 反对(赞成的反义)逆方向;违背(意愿等) Areyou for or against the plan? Therewere 20 votes for her and 12 against her; Heis swimming against this current. Shedid it against her own will 3 以防 (大学阶段掌握此用法) Theysaved money against old age. 4 表示陪衬 (高中阶段掌握此用法) Thered flag is fluttering against the blue sky;Hisred clothes stook out clearly against the snow. 常见短语 Go against违反、违背、反对;stand against反对,不支持;turn against(转而)反对,背叛;run against违反,偶然遇到;fight against与……斗争; over against正对着,在……对面(fe: he lived over against the school) among 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 在…之中;在..中间 表具体:三者或者三者以上之中 Ifound him among the crowdPleasedivide the cake among you four 表抽象 Mostimportant among the country’s problems is the lack of health facilities. 2 ……之一 相当于one of的功能 Einsteinis among the greatest scientists 备注 -among 与between的区别:三者与两者之间的区别。但在下列情况,between 可用于三者:(1) 当两个以上的人或物用and 连接时:between A, B and C 在 A、B、C 之间;(2) 涉及事物之间的区别或各国之间的关系时:the difference between thethree of them 他们三者之间的区别the relations between variouscountries 各国之间的关系;(3) 表示“由于…合作的结果”时:Between them they landed the fish. 他们协力把鱼拖上了岸。(4) 在 divide,share 等表示“分享”之类的动词之后,若接一个表示三者或三者以上的复数名词时,用 among between 均可:He divided his money among [between] hisfive sons. 他把钱分给了5个儿子。 as 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 作为,当作 注意和as for的区别 (as for为至于,关于) Don’ttreat me as a child;Ispeak now as a friend,not as a teacher.Asfor me, I don’t mind going there by train; 2 当…时候,在…同时 as当“连词”时的用法 Theplay started as I got there;AsI was a child,I liked singing very much 3 正如,就像 Asyou can see,we are still working. 因为,由于 Wehave a very wonderful TV, but wehardlywatch itas we have so much houseworkto do. 注 1. As….as 像….一样 (fe: the little girl over there looks asbeautiful as my daughter);2. as long as只要(fe: As long as you can keep awayfrom them, youre safe)3. as a matter of fact adv. 事实上(fe: Im leaving for Beijingtomorrow, as a matter of fact.)4. as a whole adv. 总体上(fe: We must consider these mattersas a whole)5. as far as adv. 远到, 直到, 至于(6. As if 好象……似的 仿佛……一样7. as well as adv. 也,又8. as well 也 (fe: Water is colourless, air aswell)9. not so much...as... 与其说...不如说是...(fe: He isnot so much a writer as a reporter)10. such as 像, 例如;譬如;诸如(fe: Many basic foodstuffs, such asbread and milk, are tax-free)11. look on….as 把….看作…. before 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 在…以前;在…前面;在…之前 表示时间 Wehave to finish the work before 10 o’clock.Hemade a speech before a lot of audienceHearrived before me. 表示位置 表示顺序 2 以前,以往 (此时Before做副词) Shehad never been to Italy before 3 在…以前 (此时before做连词) Iwant to think it over before I decide aboutit 常用短语 1. before long 不久; (fe: I hope to see you again beforelong)2. long before很久以前 (fe: Weve seen that film long before) behind 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 比…晚;迟于… 表示时间 Yourideas are behind the times;Hearrived ten minutes behind time. 2 在…后面 表示位置 Hehide himself behind the tree.Thereis someone behind you. 3 落后于,低于,不如 表抽象:表示力量、能力等 Iam far behind you in EnglishJohn’sbehind the rest of the class in reading. 4 支持;作为…的后盾 此时相当于support的作用 Hehad his mother behind him. 常用短语 1.behindschedule 不准时2.behindthe times 过时的3.behindthe curtain 在幕后4.farbehind 在后面很远,把…远远的甩在身后5.leftbehind 遗留,留下(被动语句中更常用) below 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 在…以下 具体:表示位置(below含某个水平线或水平面以下的意思,而under是某个物体以下) Don’twrite your answer below this line; Fishwere swimming below the surface of the water. 2 低于,在..以下 表示年龄 Hecan’t be below fifty. 3 表示能力、级别、价值、程度、数量等 Heis below me in the class;Hisincome is below the average income in the area;Duringthe night,temperatures dropped below zero. beside 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 除..以外(还有) 注意和except的区别(except 用来引出陈述中唯一不适用的事物、情形、人或想法,是从整体中除去;而besides只是特别强调而已) BesidesEnglish ,we have to study math,Chinese and so on.Besidescancer, smoking can lead other diseasesSheis a nice girl except a bit ugly. Therewasnt anything in the box except a few dirty clothes 2 另外,再说 (此时当副词) Idont like that new dictionary, besides, its too expensive between 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 在…之间(两者)(常和and常用) 具体:表示时间、位置、数量 The lunch hour is between 11 and13pm;Shanxi province is between henanand gansuThe temperature is between 25degree and 30 all week 2 抽象:表示比较、分配、关系、性质等 What’s the differencde betweenwomen and man?They shared the chocolate betweenthe two of them;The relations between teachers andstudents are excellentMy job is between a secretary anda personal assistant. beyond 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 在…的那边;在…以外; 表示具体位置:在某物体的范围之外 The airport is 20miles beyond thetown;What lies beyond the mountains? 2 超出,高于 表示抽象的范围、限度等 This book is beyond me;He is living beyond his income;The beauty of West Lake ia beyond words;The watch is damaged beyond repair 3 过了,比..晚,迟于 表示时间 He came home beyond the usualtime; but 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 除了..;除了..之外 She has no choice but to cry. 2 常用短语 Not only…but also 不但…而且 He not only studies hard but alsoworks well;Not only did he make a promise,but also he kept it(倒装) by 含义 理解核心 典型例句 1 在..旁边,身边 表示位置,相当于beside的意思只是by可以用于引申含义 He stood by the window and lookout over the fields;I haven’t got any money by me. 2 到…时候(为止,以前) 表示时间(跟时间点) He is sure to come by 3 0’clock.The homework need to be ready bynext Friday. 3 按…; 以… 表示标准,度量,数量 In America many workers were paidby the week;Don’tjudge a man by his clothes/looks;The cotton crop has increased by25% this year 4 乘、靠、用、以、通过、被 表示方法、方式、手段等(海、陆、空、车、偶、被) by land (air, sea, water, bus) 陆路(航空,水陆,水路,乘公共汽车);by chance 偶然by accident 偶然,无意中The law of relativity wasformulated by Einstein.I will contact you by letter/phone 5 相差 表示程度(高级用法,大学阶段掌握) He missed the train by fiveminutes;He is taller than his father by 2centimeters 动词短语 1.call by 顺道访问;2.come by 从…旁走过;3.go up by 上升到了…4.go by(从……旁)走过/经过;依照,遵循;顺便走访;5.pass by 经过6.stand by 支持(某人);袖手旁观;7. 介词短语 By and by 不久以后;By mistake由于差错导致;Day by day一天天地By oneself 独自地;By the way顺便问一句Little by little逐渐地,一点点地;One by one一个一个地;Side by side 肩并肩;Hand by hand手拉手Learn by heart记住  也许你最后也没能环游世界,可是你在实现梦想的途中找到了自己。   那是能够为了一个目标默默努力的自己,不抱怨,不浮躁,不害怕孤单,沉默却又努力的自己。   说不定你想要苦苦追寻的梦想,已经握在你手中了。   我们会觉得焦虑,无非因为现在的我们,跟想象中的自己很有距离,不喜欢现在的自己。   只有拼命地想办法去改变,只有马上行动起来,因为这个事情只有你自己能做到,只有你自己能找到出口。   不要害怕改变,那些真正爱你的人会理解你,会包容你的缺点,接受你的改变,祝福你的未来。   而那些说你变了的人,不用理会他们,那只是因为你不再按照他们想要的生活轨迹生活而已。   记住那些一直陪着你的人、懂你沉默的人,忘掉那些说你变了、远离你的人。   事实上,你不会发现自己有多强大,直到有一天你发现你身边的支点都倒下了,你也没有倒下。   没有人能打倒你,除了你自己。   你要学会捂上自己的耳朵,不去听那些熙熙攘攘的声音。   这个世界没有不苦的人,真正能治愈自己的,只有你自己。   总有一天,我们都能强大到无论什么都无法扰乱我们内心的平和
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