初级中学语法专业题材形容词.doc

-/ 形容词 一、基本概念 形容词和副词都是起修饰作用的词类。形容词用来描写和修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的特征，性质或特点。 二、基本分类 性质形容词——直接表示事物的性质或特征，有级的变化，并且可以使用程度副词加以修饰。 例如：good, large, heavy, beautiful等。大多数形容词都属于这一类。 形容词 叙述形容词——又叫作表语形容词，没有级的变化，也不能用程度副词加以修饰；多以a开头。 例如：alone(单独的)，afraid(害怕的)， asleep(睡着的)，alive(活着的)，awake(醒着的)， worth(值得的)，unable(不可能的)， ill(病的)。 分词作形容词：现在分词作形容词表示主动；过去分词作形容词表示被动。 例如：a frightening film 一部恐怖电影 a frightened girl 一个吓坏了的女孩 an interesting story 一个有趣的故事 a locked gate 一个上了锁的大门 三、形容词用法详解 1、构成 1）普通形容词：本身即为形容词的词 如：red, glad, nice, beautiful 2）形容词具有独特的后缀形式 主要有：-y，-able, -ible, -al, -ical, -ant, -ary, -ful, -less, -ous，-en，-ern，-n等。 如： sunny，windy，funny，cloudy，noisy，lucky，comfortable, terrible, national, natural, political, chemical, important, pleasant, ordinary, necessary, beautiful, wonderful, careful, hopeless, careless, famous, dangerous，wooden，golden，western，eastern，northern，southern，Asian，American 注意：它们是形容词而不是副词 3）以-ly结尾的形容词 如：friendly友好的，lonely孤独的，lovely可爱的，likely可能的，lively活泼的，ugly丑陋的，brotherly兄弟般的，fatherly 慈父般的， sisterly 姐妹般的，orderly 有秩序的 2、用法和位置 1）作定语：形容词修饰名词时置于名词之前；修饰不定代词时，置于不定代词之后。 如：What beautiful flowers！ I have something important to tell you. 【小试牛刀】 1. What a (sun) day it is today! Let’s go to the park. 答案：sunny 2. In the West, people like to finish a meal with , for instance, dessert. A. sweet anything B. sweet something C. anything sweet D. something sweet 答案：D 2）作表语：在be动词、感官动词taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），look（看起来），feel（感到）以及get, turn等系动词后用形容词作表语。 如：He is young. She looks happy today. The food tastes delicious. 【小试牛刀】 Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks in the pink dress! A. lovely B. quietly C. politely D. happily 答案：A 3）作宾语补足语：放在宾语之后，常与make, leave, keep, find等动词连用。 如： You should keep your room clean every day. Don’t leave the door open when you go out. 【小试牛刀】 We will have a field trip this afternoon. The news makes everyone . A. excited B. frightened C. happily D. luckily 答案：A 4）形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词。如： 　　 The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 　　 The new always replaces the old. 新事物总是取代旧事物。 记住下列词汇： the old (or the aged) 老人 the young 年轻人 the sick 病人 the healthy 健康人 the blind 盲人 the deaf 聋子 the white 白人 the black 黑人 the dead 死者 the brave 勇敢的人 the wounded 伤员 the false 谬误 the evil 邪恶 the unexpected 出乎意料的事 the unknown 未知之事 the impossible 不可能的事 the smooth 顺事 the good 优点 the bad 缺点 3、多个形容词排序 ①限定词（冠词，指示代词，物主代词，所有格，数词）+②描绘性形容词（如：beautiful , fine ,interesting）+③大小，长短，高低等形容词（如：tall ,high ,small, little ,round）+④年龄，新旧（如 young, old, new）+⑤颜色（如 black , white, blue）+⑥国籍，地区，出处（如 Japanese, American, England, rural）+⑦材料（如 plastic, silky, wooden） 口诀一：冠代数形大，新色国材名 口诀二：好美小高状其新，彩色国料特别亲 口诀三：限制描述大长高，形状年龄与新老， 颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠 口诀四：大小形状和新老，颜色国籍出（处）材料 4、高频考点 1）形容词修饰复合不定代词后置： ---Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening. ---OK, Let’s give him______ to eat. A. something different B. different anything C. anything different D. different something 答案：A 感官系动词： look看起来 sound听起来 taste尝起来 + 形容词 feel摸起来 smell闻起来 2）形容词放在系动词后作表语，尤其是5个感官系动词： 1. ---John looks so _______today because she got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily 2. Don’t eat the food. It smells_______. A. badly B. bad C. good D. well 3. The pears taste ______ and sell______. A. well, good B. well, well C. good, well D. good, good 答案：ABC 3）形容词作keep, make, leave的宾语补足语： 【小试牛刀】 1. Tom, you must keep your room_______. A. to tidy B. tidying C. tidy 2. We should keep our eyes________ while doing eye exercise. A. close B. closed C. open D. opened 答案：CC 4）-ed形容词（修饰人：人对某种事物的感受）和-ing形容词（修饰物：某物令人......）： surprising / surprised exciting/excited amazing/amazed boring/bored disappointing/disappointed frightening/frightened interesting/interested; moving/moved； frustrating / frustrated… 【小试牛刀】 1. Oct 15th was one of________ days in 2003. The Shen zhou-V was sent up successfully. A. exciting B. more exciting C. the most exciting D. much exciting 2. Harry Potter is an _______book for children, but my cousin doesn’t seem at all ______in it. A. interesting, interesting B. interesting, interested C. interested, interesting 答案：BC 四、形容词副词的等级 1、比较级和最高级的构成 1）规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般直接在词尾加-er，-est long longer longest 以e结尾时加-r，-st late later latest 以辅音字母加y结尾时，把y变i，再加-er，-est easy happy easier happier easiest happiest 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写词尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est big hot thin fat bigger hotter thinner fatter biggest hottest thinnest fattest 多音节词和部分双音节词 在原级前加more，most careful more careful most careful beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 2）不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best many/much more most little less least bad/badly/ill worse worst old older（年纪较大的） elder（较年长的） oldest（年纪最大的） eldest（最年长的） far farther（较远） further（进一步） farthest（最远） furthest（最大限度） ①further用来修饰抽象名词，表示“进一步的”。如： He will need further help. ②elder/eldest只适用于人，表示兄弟姐妹间的长幼（排行）。elder不与than 连用。如： He is my elder/younger brother.(哥哥/弟弟) 不规则变化口诀： 一分为二有两个，一个远来一个老， 合二为一有三对，两坏两多和两好， 还有一词双含义，只译少来不译小。 2、原级用法 1）有表示绝对概念的副词very, too, so, enough, quite 等修饰时，用其原级。如： The boy is too young. He plays the piano very well. 2）表示A与B 在某一方面程度相同或不同时用形容词或副词的原级。 肯定句中的结构：“A…+ as +形容词/副词原级 + as + B”。 如：English is as interesting as Chinese. He runs as fast as Jim. 否定句中的结构：“A…+ not as/so +形容词/副词原级 + as + B”。 如：Lesson One isn’t as (so) difficult as Lesson Two. 否定句的结构相当于less +形容词/副词原级+ than。 如：Lesson One is less difficult than Lesson Two. 3）表示A是B 的…….倍时，A…..+倍数+as +形容词原级+as+ B Our school is three times/twice as big as theirs. The red pencil is half as long as the blue pencil. 3、比较级用法 1）表示两者进行比较时用形容词或副词的比较级，其结构为“A …+ 比较级+than + B”。如：I am taller than you. He did better than me. 注意：在比较时，要注意比较的对象要一致。My pencil is longer than yours. （不用you） 2）有表示程度的副词a little, a bit, a lot, much, even, far等修饰时，用形容词/副词的比较级。 如：It’s much warmer today. This bottle is a little bigger than that one. 3）在两者之间进行选择，“哪一个更……”,用句型“Which/Who is +形容词/副词比较级，A or B?”。 如：Who is taller, Mike or Ted? Which one is the longer, the pen or the pencil? 4）表示“两者之间”最……的一个”(of the two)”时，常用“the + 比较级”结构。 如：Bob is the taller of the two boys. Being is the bigger of the two. 5）表示“越来越……”时，用比较级重叠结构，即“比较级+ and + 比较级”，句中有多音节词或部分双音节词时用“more and more + 原级”结构。 如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer. Our country is becoming more and more beautiful. 6）表示“越……就越……”时，用“the + 比较级， the +比较级”结构。 如：The more you eat, the fatter you will be. The more you eat, the fatter you will be. 4、最高级用法 1）表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时，用其最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，副词的最高级前可不加。句末常接一个in/of短语来表示范围。 如：What’s the best sport in summer? Li Dong sings best of the four boys. 注意：形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰时，不能再用定冠词the。如：Li Ming is my best friend. This is our best lesson today. 2）表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时，用“Which/Who is the +最高级，A, B or C?”。 如：Which is the most beautiful, Beijing, Shanghai or Guangzhou? 3）表示“最……的之一”时，用“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词的复数”结构。 如：Zhou Jielun is one of the most popular singers. 4）形容词最高级前可加序数词，表示“第几最……”。 如：The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 5）形容词比较级结构可表示最高级含义。 如：Li Lei is the tallest student in his class.李磊是他班里最高的学生。 =Li Lei is taller than any other student in his class. =Li Lei is taller than the other students in his class. =Li Lei is taller than anyone else in his class. =Li Lei is taller than the rest of students in his class. 【小试牛刀】 1. —Who did English homework better, Leo or Nick? —Leo is more careful. I think Leo did Nick. A. as good as B. as well as C. better than D. worse than 2. Many Chinese students think science subjects are foreign languages. A. more difficult as B. less difficult than C. much difficult than D. so difficult as 3. —What is your favorite sport? —Swimming, I think. It’s of all. A. easier B. more difficult C. the most interesting D. the most boring 答案：CBC 5、必备句型 Chinese is as important as English. They work as hard as you do. It is not so/as hot as yesterday. 1）原级句型 The sun is much bigger than the earth. Who is taller, Lily or Lucy? The weather gets hotter and hotter. Beijing is more and more beautiful. The warmer the weather gets, the better I feel. 2）比较级句型 Summer is the hottest season in the whole year. Mary sings (the) best of our classmates. Who runs (the) fastest, Nancy, Lucy or Lily? Beijing is one of the biggest cities of China. 3）最高级句型 【小试牛刀】 1. I work hard this term, but Peter works much ____. A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. the hardest 2. We have a lovely room. It’s one of _______ in the hotel. A. nice B. nicer C. nicest D. the nicest 3. —Which color do you like _____________, blue or green? —Blue. A. good B. better C. best D. the best 4. Lee came to Beijing in 2005. He has been here ______ than you. A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 答案：B D B B “A+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than +B” “A+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as +B” “A+倍数+the size/height/length/width…+of +B”　　 4）倍数表达法： 如： This hall is five times bigger than our classroom. 这个大厅比我们的教室大四倍。 　The car runs twice faster than that truck. 这辆小车的速度比那辆卡车快一倍。 This big stone is three times as heavy as that one. 这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍。 　The plane flew ten times as high as the kite. 那架飞机的飞行高度是那只风筝的十倍。 This street is four times the length of that one. 这条街是那条街的四倍长。 　This hill is four times the height of that small one. 这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。 【小试牛刀】 With the help of the German experts， the factory produced ______ cars in 1993 as the year before. A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as 答案：C 1. Li Hua’s shoes are as _______ as Zhang Hui’s. A. cheap B. cheaper C. the cheaper D. the cheapest 2. Of all the subjects, chemistry seems to be________ for me. A. difficult B. too difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult 3.—Do you like the movie tonight? —Yes, I do. In fact, I’ve never seen a _________ one. A. good B. better C. worse D. bad 4. —Bill, whos the little boy in the picture? —Its me. I am much_____, arent I? A strong B stronger C strongest D. the strongest 5. ----What do you think of Tom’s speaking? ----No one does in our class. A. good B. better C. well D. best 6. China is one of_______ countries in the world. A. larger B. largest C. the largest D. the larger 7. —Look , how beautiful the car is! —Yes, but it’s too _________ for me. A. expensive B. high C. cheap D. low 8. --Let’s buy some cards for our teacher on Teachers’ Day. --Why not make some by hand? It’s much______. A. interesting B. more interesting C. the most interesting D. most interesting 9. ---Lin Tao, why are you so _______? ---Because Wang Meng got three gold metals at the Winter Olympics. A. excited B. angry C. disappointed D. sad 10. ---Dad, it’s such a long way from our home to the park? --- You mean it’s _____ to take a taxi? A. popular B. necessary C. possible D. important 11. I hear more parks will be built in Tianyuan. I’m sure Tianyuan will become ______ than before. A. modern B more beautiful C. the most energetic. D. more important 12. The air in mountain area is _____ that in big cities. A. as fresh as B. fresher than C. as dirty as D. dirtier than 13. It is ______ to work out this problem . You needn’t go to ask the teacher. A. enough easy B. easily enough C. easy enough D. very easily 14. Mrs. King kept weighing herself to see how much _____ she was getting. A. heavy B. heavier C. the heavier D. the heaviest 15. ---- What delicious cakes! ---They would taste _____ with butter. A. good B better C. bad D. worse 16. ----If there are _____ people driving ,there will be ____ air pollution. ----Yes, the air will be fresher. A. less, less B. less, fewer C. fewer, fewer D. fewer , less 17. The film is _____ one that I have ever seen. A. more exciting B. more excited C. the most exciting D. the most excited 18. --- “Have you _____ spoken to a foreigner?” --- “Not yet, I haven’t got a chance.” A. never B. also C. ever D. too 19. I can ____ be a nurse. I’m not a very patient person. A. seldom B. ever C. never D. always 20. --- I wonder _____ you’ll water this kind of tree. --- Once a week. A. how often B. how long C. how soon D. how much 21. ---- _____ do you have PE lessons? ---- Three times a week. A. How long B. How soon C. How many D. How often 22. The Internet is very useful for us. We can ______ find information. A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly 23. ----Where would you like to go on your summer holiday, Mike ? ---- I’d like to go ______. A. nowhere interesting B. interesting anywhere C. some interesting D. interesting somewhere 24. Although she usually dances _____ ,we are still worried that she is not feeling ____ today. A. good, well B. well, good C. good, good D. well, well 25. Beijing has ____ many buses that there is often a traffic jam in rush hours. A. so B. very C. too D. much 26. --- Excuse me, Could you please not talk ____ in the museum? ---Oh, sorry. A. loudly B. carefully C. clearly 27. My parents will go there by taxi because it is raining ______. A. badly B. hardly C. probably D. heavily 28. ---Mrs. Lin is very popular among the students. --- Yes, Her classes are _____ lively and interesting. A. always B. sometimes C. hardly D. never 29. ---_______ do you send an e-mail to your cousin? ---Sometimes. A. How long B. How much C. How often D. How soon 30. ---____ will you sta