材料科学与工程专业英语翻译.pdf

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1、Unit1：交叉学科interdiscipline 介电常数dielectric constant 固体性质solid materials 热容 heat capacity 力学性质mechanical property 电磁辐射electro-magnetic radiation 材料加工processing of materials 弹性模量（模数） elastic coefficient 1.直到最近，科学家才终于了解材料的结构要素与其特性之间的关系。It was not until relatively recent times that scientists came to unde

2、rstand the relationship between the structural elements of materials and their properties . 2.材料工程学主要解决材料的制造问题和材料的应用问题。Material engineering mainly to solve the problem and create material application. 3.材料的加工过程不但决定了材料的结构，同时决定了材料的特征和性能。Materials processing process is not only to de structure and deci

3、ded that the material characteristic and performance. 4.材料的力学性能与其所受外力或负荷而导致的形变有关。Material mechanical properties with the extemal force or in de deformation of the load. Unit2 ：先进材料advanced material 陶瓷材料ceramic material 粘土矿物clay minerals 高性能材料high performance material 合金 metal alloys 移植implant to 玻璃纤

4、维glass fiber 碳纳米管carbon nanotub 1、金属元素有许多有利电子，金属材料的许多性质可直接归功于这些电子。Metallic materials have large numbers of nonlocalized electrons ，many properties of metals are directly attributable to these electrons. 2、许多聚合物材料是有机化合物，并具有大的分子结构。Many of polymers are organic compounds,and they have very large molecul

5、ar structures. 3、半导体材料的典型特征介于导体材料（如金属、金属合金）与绝缘体（陶瓷材料和聚合体材料）之间。Semiconductors have electrical properties that are intermediate between the electrical conductors ( viz. metals and metal alloys ) and insulators ( viz. ceramics and polymers ). 4、 生物材料不能产生毒性， 并且不许与人体组织互相兼容。 Biomaterials must not produce

6、toxic substances and must be compatible with body tissues. Unit3 ：微观结构microstructure 宏观结构macrostructure 化学反应chemical reaction 原子量 atomic 电荷平衡balanced electrical charge 带正电子的原子核positively charge nucleu1、从我们呼吸的空气到各种各样性质迥异的金属，成千上完中物质均是由100多种院子组成的。 These same 100 atoms form thousands of different substa

7、nces ranging from the air we breathe to the metal used to support tall buildings. 2、事实证明金属原子是通过很强的键结合在一起的。The strength of metals suggests that these atoms are held together by strong bonds. 3、微观结构是指能够通过显微镜观察到的而不是用肉眼直接观察到的结构，宏观是指可以直接用肉眼观察到的结构。Microstructure, which includes features that cannot be see

8、n with the naked eye, but using a microscope. Macrostructure includes features that can be seen with the naked eye. 4、原子核中质子和中子的量的综合就是原子量。The atomic weight of an atom indicates how many protons and neutrons in the nucleus. Unit4 ：相转变温度phase transformation temperatures 比重 specific gravity 熔点 the melt

9、ing point 重力加速度the acceleration of gravity 磁导率 magnetic permeability 热导率 thermal conductivity 1. 化学性质是用来描述一种物质是怎样变成另外一种完全不同的物质的性质。Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. 2. 相变是一种物理性质，并且物质存在四种相：固相、液相、气相和等离子体。Phase is a physical property of ma

10、tter and matter can exist in four phases : solid , liquid , gas and plasma . 3. 当温度低于熔点时，聚合物的晶体结构破坏，但其分子任然连接在分子链上，从而形成一种柔软和柔顺性材料。Instead , at some temperature below the melting point , they start to lose their crystalline structure but the molecules remain linked in chains , which results in a soft

11、and pliable material. 4. 在工程应用中，渗透率通常用相对值而不是绝对值表示。In engineering applications , permeability is often expressed in relative , rather than in absolute , terms . Unit5 ：实验样品test specimen 静负荷 static loading 作用力 applied force 垂直轴 normal axis 工程应变engineering strain 临界应力critical stress 屈服强度yield strength

12、应力面积stress area 应力-应变曲线stress-strain curve 1. 通常，温度低于室温时，金属合金的强度性质降低，而延展性、破碎韧度和拉伸性能增强。 Temperature above room temperature usually cause a decrease in the strength properties of metallic alloys. 2. 从材料的角度来说，盈利是一种在材料内部所分布的力，他可以平衡所施加的负荷并与其发生相互作用。From the perspective of what is happening within a materi

13、al , stress is the internal distribution of forces within a body that balance and react to the loads applied to it. 3. 工程应变可定义为： 所施加立方向上的材料的改变量与材料原始长度的比值。Engineering strain is defined as the amount of deformation in the direction of the applied force divided by the initial length of the material . 4

14、. 高强度和高延展性的材料比低强度和地延展性的材料的韧性高。A material with high stress and high ductility will have more toughness than a material with low strength and low ductility Unit6 ：国内生产总值 GDP 市场经济 market economies 社会问题 societal issues 经济指数 economic index 卫生保健 health cane 材料科学与工程MSE 国民生产总值 GNP 人口增长率 population grouth ra

15、te 1、然而，随着时间的变化，人类的革新与创造力，工程师满足社会需求的能力和建立工程企业的精神是永恒不变的。However，some things that have been constant over time are human innovation and creativity, the engineer s ability to address societal needs , and the entrepreneurial spirit of engineering. 2、我们可以看到医学、通信学和运输工业的革命给我们生活带来的变化。We have witnessed the r

16、e-shaping of our lives through revolution that have taken place in medicine, telecommunications, and transportation industries. 3、18%的世界人口缺少安全饮用水，几乎40%缺少环境卫生设施。Eighteen percent of the world s population lacks access to safe drinking water and nearly 40% has no access to sanitation. 4、材料与社会是相互联系的，并且我

17、们应当认为材料科学工程的发展与影响人类生存条件的全球社会问题存在密切的关系，这是唯一理性的看法。Materials and society are interlinked, and it is only rational that we should see a close relation between the MSE research agenda and societal issues that affect the human condition on the globe. Unit7 ：离域电子delocalized electrons 电子结构e lectrical struct

18、ure 碱土金属 a lkali-earth metals 核电荷 nuclear charge 化学电池electrochemical cell 核电荷 nuclear charge 导电性 e lectrical conductivity 价带 valence bands 离子晶格the ion latti 1、金属有时被描述为由游离电子团包围的正离子晶格。Metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions surrounded by a cloud of delocalized electrons. 2、通常地，金属具

19、有良好的导电性和导热性，具有金属光泽，密度较大，并且具有在压力下变形而不会断裂的能力。Metals in general have superior electric and thermal conductivity, high luster and density and the ability to be deformed under stress without cleaving. 3、合金是指两种或两种以上的元素形成的固溶体混合物，其中主要组分为金属。An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements in solid solution in which the major component is a metal. 4、不同比率的金属结合成为合金可以改变纯金属的性质，从而产生所需要的性能。Combining different ratios of metals as alloys modifies the properties of pure metals to produe desirable characteristics.