机器人外文翻译 .pdf

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1、- 1 - 附录：The robot 1.The role of robots”The role of robots Is a high-level integration of control theory, robotics, machinery and electronics, computers, materials and bionic product. In industry, medicine, agriculture, construction and even the military have important applications in such areas. No

2、w, the international concept of robots has been gradually approaching the same. In general, people can accept the claim that the robot is controlled by its own power and ability to achieve the various functions of a machine. The United Nations Organization for Standardization adopted by the American

3、 Federation of Robotics to the robot under the definition: a programmable and versatile, used to move materials, parts, tools, operating machines; or to perform different tasks have to change and Programmable action specialized systems. 2.Evaluation criteria Capacity of evaluation criteria Robot cap

4、ability evaluation criteria include: intelligence, refers to feelings and perceptions, including memory, calculation, comparison, identification, judging, decision-making, learning and logical reasoning, etc.; function, refers to flexibility, versatility or space occupied, etc.; physics can be means

5、 the power, speed, continuous operation capability, reliability, combined with nature, life and so on. Therefore, it can be said robot is a biological function of three-dimensional coordinates of the machine. 3.Composition of the robot The composition of the robot Robots in general by the executing

6、agency, drives, detection devices and control system, etc. Implementing agency, the robot body, the buttocks generally use the space for open-chain linkages, the movement of which the Deputy (rotate or move the Deputy Vice-) often referred to as joints, and joints shall be the number of robots are u

7、sually a few 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 40 页 - - - - - - - - - - 2 - degrees of freedom. According to joint configuration types and the different forms of movement coordinates, the robot implementing agencies can be divided into rectangular

8、type, cylindrical coordinate type, polar coordinate type and other types of joint coordinate type. For anthropomorphic considerations, often the relevant parts of the robot body are known as the base, waist, arm, wrist, hand (gripper or end effector) and the Ministry of walking (for mobile robot), e

9、tc. . Drive device is driven by movement of the body implementing agencies, in accordance with the directives issued by the signal control system, by means of dynamic components, the robot action is needed. It is the input signal, the output is the line, the amount of angular displacement. Drive rob

10、ot is mainly used in electric drives, such as stepper motors, servo motors, etc. In addition, there is also hydraulic, pneumatic, etc. drives. Detecting device is the role of real-time detection robots movement and work of the required feedback to the control system, compared with the configuration

11、information, the right to adjust the implementing agencies to ensure the robots movements to meet the intended requirements. As a sensor detecting device can be divided into two categories: one is internal information sensors for detecting the internal situation in various parts of robots, such as t

12、he joint position, velocity, acceleration, etc., and the measured information as a feedback the signal sent to the controller, to form a closed-loop control. The other is external information sensors, used to obtain information about the operation of robots and other objects and external environment

13、 of information, so that the robot moves to adapt to changing circumstances, so that to achieve a higher level of automation, even the machine person has a certain feel to the intelligent development, such as visual, sound and other external sensors sense given object of work, 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 -

14、 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 40 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3 - information about the working environment, the use of such information constitutes a major feedback loop, which will greatly enhance the work of the robot accuracy. Control system in two ways. One is the cen

15、tralized control, that is, the robots control by a microcomputer to complete. The other is decentralized (level)-type control, which uses multiple computers to share the control of robots, such as when using the upper and lower two computers together to complete the robot control, the host often use

16、d for system management, communication, kinematics and dynamics calculations, to send commands to the lower-level computer information; as a junior from the machine, the joints corresponding to a CPU, for interpolation and servo control processing operations to achieve a given movement, to the host

17、feedback. According to the different operational mission requirements, the robot control mode can be divided into point to point control, continuous path control and force (torque) control. 4.History of Robots Robot History 1920 Czechoslovakia writer Karel Capek in his ? sci-fi novel Rossums Univers

18、al Robots company, according to Robota (Czech, intended to labor, slave labor) and Robotnik (Polish, the original intent as workers), to create a robot is the word. World Expo 1939 in New York on display at the Westinghouse Electric Company manufactured home robot Elektro. It is controlled by a cabl

19、e, you can walk, say 77 words, or even smoke, but still far from the real chores. But it give people a vision of domestic robots to become more specific. Asimov sci-fi masters 1942, the United States put forward the Three Laws of Robotics. Although this is only the creation of science fiction, but l

20、ater became the principle of academic research and development by default. ? In 1948 Norbert Weiner published in control theory to explain the machine in the communication and control function and the nervous, sensory function of the common law, first proposed as the core of computer-automated facto

21、ry. 1954, American George ? Dwyercreated the worlds first programmable robot and registered patents. This mechanical hand in accordance with different programs in different jobs, so has the versatility and flexibility. 1956 Dartmouth meeting ? Marvin Minsky has made his views on intelligent machines

22、: Smart Machine to create an abstract model of the surrounding environment, if you encounter problems, from abstract model to find a solution . This definition affects the subsequent 30 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 40 页 - - - - - - - - - - 4 -

23、 years of intelligent robot research direction. Dwyer and the United States in 1959, inventor Joseph ? Ingeborg joined hands to create the first industrial robot. Subsequently, the establishment of the worlds first a robot manufacturing plant - Unimation company. As Ingeborg R & D for industrial rob

24、ots and publicity, he was known as the father of industrial robots. AMF Inc. in 1962, the United States produced VERSTRAN (meaning universal handling), and Unimation produced Unimate as a truly commercial industrial robots, and exported to countries around the world, setting off a worldwide study of

25、 robots and robot the globe. 1962 -1,963 years the application of sensors to improve the operability of the robot. People try all kinds of sensors installed on the robot, including the 1961 Ernst used in tactile sensors, Tomovic and Boni 1962, the worlds first smart hand on the use of pressure senso

26、rs, while the McCarthy in 1963, has begun to add visual sensor in robot system, and in 1965, helped MIT launched the worlds first with a vision sensor that can identify and locate building blocks of the robotic system. 1965 Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory ? developed Beast robot.

27、 Beast has been through sonar systems, photoelectric tubes and other devices, the environmental correction own position. 60 mid-20th century, the U.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Stanford University, University of Edinburgh, been set up in the robot lab. The United States with the rise of

28、 the second-generation sensors research, there feel of the robot, artificial intelligence and to work towards it. The worlds first intelligent robot Shakey Stanford Research Institute in 1968, the United States announced that they successfully developed a robot Shakey. It is with a vision sensor, ac

29、cording to the instructions of people to discover and crawl the building blocks of a computer to control it, but there is a room so much. Shakey can be regarded as the worlds first intelligent robot, beginning the prelude to the third generation of robot research and development. 1969, Ichiro Kato,

30、Waseda University Laboratory developed the first robot to walk, walk. Ichiro Kato, the long-term commitment to research humanoid robot, known as the father of humanoid robot. Japanese experts has been to develop humanoid robots and robot technology, known for entertainment, then go one step further

31、hastened the development of Hondas ASIMO and Sonys QRIO. In 1973 the worlds first robot and small computers to work together, they gave birth to the U.S. company Cincinnati Milacron robot T3. Unimation introduced in 1978, the U.S. general industrial robot PUMA, which marks the industrial robot techn

32、ology has reached full maturity. PUMA is still work in the factory in the 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 40 页 - - - - - - - - - - 5 - forefront. 1984 Ingeborg pushed robot Helpmate, the robot can deliver meals to patients in the hospital and get

33、 drugs, to send e-mail. In the same year, he predicted: I want robots to clean the floor, cooking, washing out to help me to check security. In 1998 Denmark introduced Lego Robot (Mind-storms) package, so get with the building-block robot manufacturing the same, relatively simple and can arbitrarily

34、 assembled, the robot started to enter the private world. In 1999 Sony introduced Aibo robot dog (AIBO), immediately sold out, and from entertainment robots become the robot forward one of the ways ordinary family. In 2002 the U.S. introduced the iRobot robotic vacuum cleaner Roomba, it can avoid ob

35、stacles, automatic design of the road route, but also in the power is insufficient, automatically towards charging seat. Roomba is the worlds largest-selling and most commercial household robots. an authorized agent iRobot Corporation Beijing: Beijing Science and Technology Co., Ltd. Micro-Mesh, Tom

36、ohiro http / / www micronet net cn. In June 2006, Microsoft launched the Microsoft Robotics Studio, robotics modular, unified platform, it became increasingly evident, Bill ? Gates predicted that household robots will soon be sweeping the world 5.Robot category articles Being born in science fiction

37、, like, people are full of fantasy robot. Perhaps it is because the definition of fuzzy robots, which gave the people full of imagination and creative space. Domestic robots: to help people take care of life, to do simple household chores. Manipulator-type robot: Can automatic, repeatable programmin

38、g, multi-functional, there are several degrees of freedom can be fixed or movement, for associated automation systems. Programmable Robot: According to the order and conditions of a pre-requirement in turn control the robots mechanical movements. Teaching-playback robot: Adoption of the guidance or

39、other means, the first robot moves the church, enter the work process, the robot will automatically repeat operations. NC robots: do not have to move the robot through the values, language, etc. for teaching the robot, the robot according to the information after teaching job. Feel-controlled robot:

40、 the use of sensors to obtain information on control of robot action. Adaptive control robot: able to adapt to changes in the environment, control their own actions. Learning control for robots: can understand the work experience, with a certain degree of learning function, and the learning experien

41、ce for the work. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 40 页 - - - - - - - - - - 6 - Intelligent Robots: The artificial intelligence robot to determine its actions. Chinas environment, starting from the application of robotics experts, robots are divide

42、d into two categories, namely industrial robots and special robot. The so-called industrial robots for industrial areas of multi-joint or multi-DOF robot manipulators. In addition to the special robot is outside of industrial robots used for non-manufacturing and the service of mankind advanced robo

43、ts, including: service robots, underwater robots, entertainment robots, military robots, agricultural robots, robot-based machinery. In the special robots, some branches have developed rapidly, there is a separate system for trends, such as service robots, underwater robots, military robots, micro-o

44、peration of robots. At present, the international robot scholars, starting from the application environment, the robot is also divided into two categories: manufacturing environment of industrial robots and the non-manufacturing environment, the service and humanoid robots, This classification is co

45、nsistent with our The. Also known as unmanned aerial robot machines, in recent years, the family in the military robotics, unmanned aerial vehicles are the most active research activities, technological progress, the largest research and procurement of funds into the largest and most experienced in

46、the field of combat. 80 years, the world is basically the development of unmanned aerial vehicles based on the main line of the United States to move forward, regardless of the technical level, the types and number of UAVs, the U.S. ranking first in the world.6.Robot varieties articles 6.1 Unmanned

47、aircraft drones Detachment Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Throughout the history of UAV development can be said that modern warfare is to promote the UAV development. The impact of modern warfare UAV is also growing. The first and during World War II, despite the emergence and use of unmanned aerial vehicl

48、es, but because of low levels of technology, unmanned aerial vehicles does not play a significant role. The Korean War in the United States use of unmanned reconnaissance and attack aircraft, but in limited quantities. In the ensuing war in Vietnam, the Middle East war, UAVs have become an essential

49、 weapon systems. In the Gulf War, the war in Bosnia and Kosovo war, has become the main reconnaissance UAV types. French Red Hawk unmanned aerial vehicle U.S. Air Force suffered heavy losses during the 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 40 页 - - - -

50、 - - - - - - 7 - Vietnam War, was shot down aircraft, 2500, killed more than 5,000 pilots, the U.S. domestic public outcry. To this end the Air Force increased use of the UAV. Such as buffalo hunters UAV mission over North Vietnam 2500 times, low altitude photographs, injury rate of only 4%. AQM-34Q