2022年高三年级英语语法专题复习教案 .pdf
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1、名师精编优秀教案高三年级英语语法专题复习教案语法复习专题(1)Unit1 冠词一、考点聚焦1.不用冠词的情况(1)专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前,一般不加冠词。China , America, Smith Air is matter. (2)可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等限制时,不加冠词。This dictionary is mine. (3)季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐名称前一般不加冠词。March, May Day, National Day, Children s Day, Women s Day Have you had supper? Spr
2、ing is the best season of the year. (4)称呼语或指家用雇用的nurse、cook 等名词前及表示头衔职务的名词作宾语、补语及同位语时,一般不加冠词。What s this, Father? We made him our chairman.Ask nurse to put the child to bed. Professor Li. (5)学科名称、球类、棋类名称前不加冠词。Do you study physics? He likes playing football/chess. (6)复数名词表示泛指一类人或事物时前不用冠词。They are pea
3、sants/ workers. (7)在与 by 连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词。by car, by bus,by bike, by train, by air/ water/ land 但: take a bus, come in a boat, on the train/ bus 需注意。(8)某些固定词组中不用冠词。名词词组中:husband and wife, brother and sister, body and soul, day and night, knife and fork 介词词组中:to(at, from) school, in (to)class, in (to,a
4、t, from)university (college),to( in, into, from)church, to(in,into, out of)prison(hospital, bed), to(at, from, out of)work, to(in, from) town,at (from)home, to(at)sea, at night(noon, midnight), by car (bus, bicycle, plane), on foot 注意:在有些词组中,有无冠词含义不同。in hospital 住院(因病)in the hospital 在医院(工作、参观等)in f
5、ront of 在前面,指某物体之外in the front of 在前部,指某物之内in charge 负责,主管out of question 没问题in the charge 由 负责out of the question 不可能(9)as引导的让步状语从句中,作表语的名词不带冠词。Child as she is, she knows a lot of French. (10)系动词 turn(作 “ 变成 ” 解)后作表语的单数可数名词前习惯不用冠词。The young girl has turned writer. = The young girl has become a writ
6、er. (11)在单数名词+ after + 同一单数名词(表示“ 一个接一个 ” )结构中,单数可数名词前不加冠词。She did experiment after experiment. 类似的还有: shop after shop, mistake after mistake (12)形容词的最高级前、序数词前也有不用定冠词的情况。“most + 形容词原级 ” 作“ 十分、非常、极” 解时,前面不用定冠词。Oh, it s most beautiful.当两个形容词最高级并列修饰同一个名词时,第二个形容词前通常不用定冠词。She is the tallest and fattest g
7、irl in our school. 当形容词最高级作表语,不表示与其他人或物相比时,其前不用定冠词。The market in the country is busiest in winter. 形容词最高级前有名词所有格或物主代词时,不能用定冠词。A wolf in a sheep s skin is our most dangerous enemy.序数词前面一般加定冠词表示“ 第” 之意,但在second、third 等词前加不定冠词表示“ 又一,再一 ” 之意。 why you took a second arrow注意:下句中 “a first”表示 “ 第一名、冠军” 。He i
8、s a top student in our class, he often gets a first in maths. (13)no 与 such连用时应放在such 之前, such 后面的名词不用冠词。No such thing has ever happened in this village. (14)never、ever 置于作主语的名词前,这些名词前不用冠词。Never did student study so hard. 这个学生从未学得这么认真。(15)有时为了节省空间、时间、金钱和精力,或为了引起注意力,省去a(n)或 the,这主要用于新闻标题、工商业文件、广告、电报、
9、公告、提纲、书名等。Conference opens.会议召开了。2.定冠词的使用情况(1)使用定冠词的一般情况。特指或第二次提到。序数词前、最高级前、独一无二的东西前。用于表示发明物的单数名词前或某些专有名词前。(2)定冠词使用特殊的场合。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 32 页名师精编优秀教案 He hit him in the face. beat sb. on the nose, take sb. by the arm, pat sb. on the head the rich, the poor, the wo
10、unded 富人,穷人,伤员 the elder of the two, he more beautiful of the two两者中较年长的一位,较漂亮的一个 The sooner, the better.越快越好。 He got paid by the hour. 他是按小时付工钱的。by the yard/the dozen/the month/the year但: by weight 按重量 in the 50s /in the 1870s(表示年代) the Smiths/the Whites (表示一家人或夫妇俩) in the water/field/light/shade/d
11、istance/middle/country/rain tell the truth/on the other hand/on the way home 当抽象名词表示某一特定内容,特别是当它有一限定性修饰语时,它与定冠词连用:She is fond of music. He is playing the music written by Beethoven. Good advice is beyond price. I m sorry not to have taken the advice he gave.3.不定冠词常用的几种情况(1)表示 “ 一” 相当于 “one”。 I ll re
12、turn in a day or two.(2)表示 “ 每” 相当于 “per”。We have three meals a day. (3)表示 “ 同一性 ” 相当于 “the same”。The children are of an age. (4)表示类指,表示“ 某类 ” 。He wants to he a doctor. (5)表示泛指,相当于“any”。A horse is a useful animal. (6)表示某一个,相当于“a certain”。A Mr. Smith is asking to see you. (7)与抽象名词连用,可以表示“ 一场、一次、一件” ,
13、如: a pleasure一件乐事, a surprise 一件令人惊讶的事, a joy 一件高兴的事, a pity 一件遗憾的事, an honour 一个(件)经以为荣的人(事)。(8)与物质名词连用,表示“ 一种,一阵、一份” 。What a heavy rain! What a good supper! Please give me a black coffee! 4.冠词表类别的常见方式(1)定冠词+ 单数可数名词,表示一个,代表一类。The computer was invented in 1945. The TV set was invented by Joan Baird.
14、 The horse is a useful animal. (2)不定冠词+ 单数可数名词(表示任意一个,某一个)。A pen is a tool for writing. A square has four sides. A horse is a useful animal. 注意: man, woman 表示泛指时,不用冠词,且常用单数。如:Man is fighting a battle against pollution. Man tries to be the protector of woman. (3)可数名词或不可数名词,指类别(考虑到同类中的各个情况)。Horses are
15、 useful animals. Rice is a kind of food. 5.冠词位置问题(1)不定冠词+ 副词 + 形容词+ 名词。This is a very interesting story. (2)such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠词 +形容词 +名词。I ve never seen such a film! Half a pound of pork,please! What a good idea it is! (3)as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词 +不定冠词 +名词。It is as pleasant
16、 a day as I have ever spent. I can t finish the task in so short a time.This seems not too long a distance. We wonder how difficult a problem he worked out. However low te price you paid,you waste your money. He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear. (4)定冠词位置。half、twice、three times + the + 名词He
17、paid twice the price for it. Their house is three times the size of yours. all、both、double + the + 名词Both the blind men were mistaken. All the students in our class are eager to know the secret. I offered him double the amount, but he still refused. 二、精典名题导解选择填空1.The warmth of _sweater will of cours
18、e be determined by the sort of _wool used. AThe ; the Bthe ; / C/; the D/; / 解析:答案为B。第一空格为特指,交待the warmth 的内容,第二空格为泛指,the sort of wool used 所用羊毛的种类。此题有三点需注意:正确理解sweater 这一句词在句中的类别。掌握determine 在句中作 “ 决定 ” 、“ 取决于 ” 这个意思。掌握定冠词表特指的基本用法。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 32 页名师精编优秀教案2.M
19、ost animals have little connection with_animals of_different kind unless they kill them for food. A the a B/ a Cthe the D/ the解析: 答案为 B。名词复数表类别,其前不用冠词, 故第一个空格不填冠词,表不定概念的 “ 一种” ,“ 某种 ” 要用不定冠词a。要准确掌握冠词表类别的三种表达方式和不定冠词常用的几种情况,见前面要点考点聚焦内容。3.Paper money was in_use in China when Marco Polo visited the coun
20、try in _thirteenth century.A the / Bthe the C/ the D/ /解析:答案为C。题中 in use 是固定搭配,意为“ 在使用 ” ,use 为抽象名词,其前不用冠词。后者是序数词前用定冠词the。 要牢记一些固定搭配如in use、 under construction(在建设中) 、 in debt(欠债)、 come to power(执政)、 on fire(着火)、 at table(用餐)、 out of work (失业)等。语法复习专题(2)Unit2 名词一、考点聚焦1.可数名词单、复数变化形式(1)规则变化。单数名词词尾直接加-
21、s。如: boy boys, pen pens。以 s、x 、ch 、sh 结尾的单词一般加-es。如: glass glasses,box boxes, watch watches, brush brushes。特例: stomach stomaches。以 “ 辅音字母+ y ” 结尾的变 “y”为“i ”再加 “ -es” 。如:baby babies, lady ladies, fly flies。以 “o”结尾的多数加-es。如: tomato tomatoes, potato potatoes, hero heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o 结尾的词只加-s
22、。 如: radio radios, zoo zoos, photo photos, piano pianos, kilo kilos, tobacco tobaccos。以 “f ”或“fe ”结尾的名词复数形式变“f ”或“fe ”为“v”, 之后再加 -es。 如: wife wives, life lives, knife knives, wolf wolves, self selves, leaf leaves 等。特例: handkerchief handkerchiefs, roof roofs, chief chiefs, gulf gulfs, belief beliefs,
23、 cliff cliffs 。改变元音字母的。如:man men, mouse mice, foot feet, woman women, tooth teeth, goose geese, ox oxen。特例: child children。复合名词的复数形式。(A)在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如:armchair armchairs, bookcase bookcases, bookstore book- stores。 (B)man 和 woman 作定语修饰另一个名词时,前后两个名词都要变成复数。如:man doctor men doctors, woman driver women
24、 dri- vers。( C)与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如: brother-in-law brothers-in-law, passer-by passers-by。有的名词有两种复数形式。如:zero zeros 、zeroes, deer deers 、deer。penny 的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如:pence(便士的钱数),pennies(便士的枚数)。(2)不规则变化。单、复数同形。如:means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese, Japanese, sheep, works (工厂) ,cattle。合成名词的复数。如
25、:boy-friend boy-friends, go-between go-betweens(中间人 ),grown-up grown-ups。有些名词通常只用作复数。如:glasses眼镜, clothes 衣服, goods 货物, trousers 裤子, belongings 所有物 ,wages 工资, riches 财富 , surroundings 环境, ashes 灰尘 , campasses圆规, cattle 家畜, congratulations 祝贺, have words with sb. 同某人吵架, in high spirits以很高热情地,give one
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