2022年新概念第一册知识点总结讲解 .pdf

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1、名师推荐精心整理学习必备新概念第一册知识点总结（全）名词名词包括可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数变化。不可数名词没有。可数名词单数变复数规则：1)单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers. 2)以 s、x、sh、ch 结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches. 3)以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词，变y 为 i 加 es: cities, babies, enemies. 4)以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词，多数变f 为 v 加 es: wives, knives.但有些词只加s: r

2、oofs, proof s, chiefs. 5)以 o 结尾的名词，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加 s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos. 6) 不 规 则 名 词 ： foot feet, goosegeese, tooth teeth, childchildren, manmen, woman women, sheep sheep, deerdeer, mousemice. 代词第 一 人 称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主 格I we you you he she it they

3、宾 格me us you you him her it them 物主代词形容词性my our your your his her its their 名词性mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs I. 人称代词 :人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语. Eg: a. Im a nurse.b. Could you help me ? II. 物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词. 形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词,指定名词的所属对象. 名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用，后

4、面不能再跟名词. Eg: a. Your school is small, mine is big.(=my school) 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen) 时态一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。时间状语：always, usually, o

5、ften, sometimes, every week (day, year, month ), once a week, on Sundays基本结构： be 动词； 行为动词否定形式： am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加 dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时 还原 行为动词。一般疑问句： 把 be 动词放于句首；用助动词do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。My father is a doctor. Tom isn t at home.Are they policemen? I often get up a

6、t 7 oclock every morning.He doesn t like apples.Do you always read before going to bed? What do you usually do on Sundays? 一般现在时句中，如果主语是第三人称时，动词要变第三人称单数，变化规则如下：1) 一般情况下，动词后面直接加 -s. 例如：works gets says reads 2) 以 s，x ，ch，sh 或 o 结尾的动词，在后面加 -es。 例如：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

7、- 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备goes teaches washes 3) 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，把 y 变为 i 再加 -es. 例如：studies tries carries 特殊情况：动词 have 的第三人称单数是 has。例如：He has an interesting book. 二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语： ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last

8、week(year, night, month ), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, the other day, long long ago, once upon a time, .基本结构： be 动词； 行为动词否定形式： was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt ，同时 还原 行为动词。一般疑问句： was 或 were 放于句首； 用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问，同时还原行为动词。I was at my mothers last week.Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl

9、 whose name was Snow White. Lucy went to America five months ago. I didnt go to the cinema last night.Did Lily dance at the party? What did you do yesterday? 动词的过去式变化：be 动词： am/is-was are-were 规则动词：名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 20 页 - - - - - -

10、 - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备1. 直接在词尾加 -ed。如 : wantwanted, work worked, needneeded, cleancleaned 2. 以不发音的e 结尾的在词尾加-d。如： likeliked, live lived, useused, movemoved 3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如： stopstopped, triptripped 4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词， 先把 y 变成 i， 再加 -ed。如：studystudied, carrycarried, hurry hur

11、ried, marry married 不规则动词：Have-had eat-ate drink-drank go-went come-came see-saw hear-heard put-put cut-cut 等等三、现在进行时：概念：表示 此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作及行为。时间状语： now, at this time, these days, 基本结构： am/is/are+doing 否定形式： am/is/are+not+doing. 一般疑问句：把be 动词放于句首。They are playing basketball on the playground. I am no

12、t reading anything. Is he waiting for the bus? What are you doing now? 动词 ing 形式的变化规则：1 一般情况下，直接在动词后加ing work - working sleep - sleeping study - studying 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备2 动词以不发音的e 结尾，要去 e 加 ing

13、take - taking make - making dance - dancing 3 重读闭音节的动词，要双写词尾字母，再加ing cut - cutting put - putting begin - beginning 4 以 ie 结尾的动词，把变成y 再加 ing lie - lying tie - tying die - dying 四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。时间状语： at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。基本结构： was/were+

14、doing 否定形式： was/were + not + doing. 一般疑问句：把was 或 were 放于句首。I was listening to the radio at 7 this morning. He was cleaning the car when I arrived. What was he doing at this time yesterday? 五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语： already, just,yet, since, for, .基本结构： have/has +

15、done 否定形式： have/has + not +done. 一般疑问句： have 或 has。He has lost his wallet. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备I have already had my lunch. David hasnt finished his homework yet.Have you seen this film? Mary has bee

16、n a translator for 20 years. They have lived here since 1987. How long have you lived here? 动词过去分词变化规则：规则动词：规则动词的过去分词变化规则与过去式变化规则相同，包括4条。1. 直接在词尾加 -ed。如 : wantwanted, work worked, needneeded, cleancleaned 2. 以不发音的e 结尾的在词尾加-d。如： likeliked, live lived, useused, movemoved 3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双

17、写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如： stopstopped, triptripped 4. 以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词， 先把 y 变成 i， 再加 -ed。如：studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marry married 不规则动词：需要特殊记忆。Be 动词 -been have-had go-gone come-come eat-eaten drink-drunk 等等六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“ 过去的过去 ” 。时间状语： before, after.名师资料总

18、结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备基本结构： had + done. 否定形式： had + not + done. 一般疑问句： had 放于句首。The bus had already left before I arrived at the station. He went to the park after he had finished his work. 七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发

19、生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。时间状语： tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, the day after tomorrow, 基本结构： am/is/are going to + do ；will + do. 否定形式： am/is/are not going to + do ；will not + do 一般疑问句： be 放于句首； will 提到句首。My family are going to Beijing next week. It is going to rain. He wi

20、ll be 11 years old next year. We will leave in two hours. 情态动词我们学过的情态动词有can, could, may, must, had better, have to 情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后面跟动词原形。Can 1, 表示能力， “ 能够 ”I can swim very well. He can t sing or dance.名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 20 页 - - - -

21、- - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备2, 表示请求， “ 可以 吗？ ”Can I help you? Can you give the glass to me, please? Could 1, can的过去式，表示过去的能力，“ 能够 ”He could climb the mountain 30 years ago, but now he cant.2, 表示请求，比can 更加委婉客气，此时could 非 can 的过去式。Could you help me, please? Could you bring the book to me? Could I borrow your

22、 bike? May 表示请求，比can 稍加委婉客气。“ 可以 吗？ ”May I come in? May I use your pen? Must 1, 表示 “ 必须 ”I must go now. You must finish your work before you leave the company. 2, mustnt表示 “ 禁止 ”Kate，you mustn t play with the knife, because it is too dangerous.You mustn t smoke in the classroom.Had better “最好 ”否定形式：

23、 had better not You had better put on more clothes. It is cold outside. 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备We d better leave at once.You had better not eat eggs. Youd better not go out at this time.Have to “不得不 ”Da

24、vid has to take care of his litter sister because his parents are not at home. They have to stay at home because it is raining heavily outside. 形容词的原级，比较级和最高级（一）规则变化：1绝大多数的单音节，词尾加-er ，-est talltallertallest 2以不发音的e 结尾的单音节词只加-r，-st nicenicernicest , ableablerablest 3以辅音字母加y 结尾的双音节词，改y 为 i 再加 -er，-est

25、 easyeasiereasiest 4只包含一个元音，并且以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-est bigbiggerbiggest hot-hotter-hottest 5少数以 -er，-ow 结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-est clevercleverercleverest, narrownarrowernarrowest 6其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most 来构成比较级和最高级Beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful Expensive-more expensive-most expensiv

26、e 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备（二）不规则变化常见的有：good / well betterbest ; bad /badly/ ill worseworst ; many / muchmoremost ; little lessleast ; 用法：1原级： as + 形容词原级 +as（否定为 not so/as + 形容词原级 +as）“ 和一样 ”This room is

27、as big as that one. I have as many books as you have. You are not as tall as I. 2比较级+ than 用于两者之间的比较“ 比更” This shirt is cheaper. He is older than I. Lucy is more beautiful than her sister. 7the + 最高级+ 比较范围He is the tallest of the boys. He is the tallest in his class. This is the largest dress in the

28、 shop. I want the most expensive shoes. Have 用作实义动词时的用法。1Have 作为 “ 有” 的意思，表示某人“ 拥有 ” 某物。例如：Do you have a soccer ball? 你有一个足球吗！名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备Does he have a ping-pong ball? 他有一个乒乓球吗！I have a new

29、 alarm clock. 我有一个新的闹钟。Mary has two pen pals in Canada. 玛丽在加拿大有两个笔友。2Have 有“ 吃、喝 ” 的意思，有时相当于动词“eat ”或者 “drink ”。例如：I often have milk and eggs for breakfast. 我早饭经常喝牛奶吃鸡蛋。Do you usually have tea in the afternoon? 你通常下午喝茶吗？Tom usually has lunch at school every day. 汤姆每天在学校吃午饭。3Have 还可以用来描述病情，构成诸如have a

30、 cold /have a toothache/ have a fever/have a sore back/have a pain in/on 等固定搭配，例如：-“Whats the matter? ”你怎么了？-“I have a toothache. ”我牙疼。4 Have 与不定式符号 “to ”构成固定词组have to do something，用来表示义务必须做某事，其意思与must 相当。例如：-Jenny, can you come to my party on Sunday? 珍妮，星期天能来参加我的聚会吗？-I d love to. 我很乐意去。-How about y

31、ou? 你呢？-I m sorry, I have to help my parents. 抱歉，我得照顾我的父母。5 我们还常见到如下的固定搭配：have a walk /have a swim /have a rest /have a try/have a look at/ have a good time。比如：Let s lie down and have a rest. 让我们躺下休息一下吧常见的介词的用法On 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共

32、20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备1. 在. 上 （有接触点）There is a picture on the wall. over, on 表示 “ 在 上” 之间的区别(1)over 指“ 在正上方 ” ，表示垂直上方，其反义词为under。如：The bridge is over the river. (2)on 表示 “ 在 上面 ” ，与物体表面接触，与beneath相对。如：There is a map on the wall. The earth felt soft beneath our feet. 2. 指时间（1）在具体的某一天，如某日

33、、某节日、星期几等。如：On May 4th, there will be a celebration. It will rain on Tuesday. （2）在具体某一天的早晨、下午或晚上。如：He arrived at 10 oclock on the night of the 5th. In 1在. 里面He is in the classroom. 2. 表示地点，在 。My uncle lives in Shanghai. Life is difficult in America. 2表示时间。（1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内。如：

34、in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, 等等（2）在一段时间之后。 一般情况下， 用于将来时， 谓语动词为瞬间动词，意为 “ 在 以后 ” 。如：He will arrive in two hours. At 1. 指时间：时间的一点、时刻等。如：They came home at ten oclock .另外注意一些固定搭配：at noon, at midnight, at night 3. 指地点：在一些小地方。如：At home at the butchers at the dentists at the

35、 hairdressersin the front of 是指某物 (或某整体 )内部的前部 ; 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 12 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备in front of 指某物 (或某整体 )外部的前面 . 例如：The teacher is standing in the front of the classroom. There is a tree in front of the house. B

36、ehind 在后面The photo is behind the door. Under 在. 下面Mary is sitting under the tree in the garden. Across 穿过 横渡 Dont walk across the road when the traffic lights are red. Off 从离开Jump off the wall. Take off your coat. Into 进Many children are going into the school. Out of 出He run out of the house. 英语中时间的

37、表达方式1. 表示整点：时间+oclockSeven o clock2、如果分钟在半小时以内（包括半小时），表示 “ 几点过几分 ” ，句式为 “ 分钟+past+小时 ” 。如：eleven past seven 3、如果分钟在半小时以上（不包括半小时），表示 “ 几点差几分 ” ，句式为“ （60分钟） +to+（小时 +1）” ，如：two to seven a quarter to eight 4、quarter 意思是 “ 四分之一 ” ，用在时间中表示“ 一刻钟 , 15 分钟 ” 。 three quarter 表示 “ 三刻钟 ” 即“45 分钟 ” 。不过，半小时可不是two

38、 quarter! 而是“half ”a quarter past eight 八点一刻名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 13 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备half past nine 九点半5、日常生活中用口语表达时间时，可以直接照书面数字读。如：7:15 读作 seven fifteen 11:30 读作 eleven thirty 3:53 读作 three fifty-three 6、时间后面的am 指上午； p

39、m 则指下午。9.p.m 下午 9 点5.a.m 上午 5 点7、表达 “ 在几点几分 ” ，用 at+时间。如：My father begins to work at eight. 我的爸爸八点开始工作。英语中日期的表达方式（一）书写方面先看下面的两个例子：1. 1986 年 10 月 23 日October 23rd, 1986 2. 1 月 17 日January 17th, 2002 从上面的例子可以看出，英语日期的表达与汉语不同。英语表达的顺序为 月、日、年 。（二）朗读方面在朗读时， 月份 一般直接用英语读出；日则要读成 the + 序数词 ；读年份时，一般分为两个单位来读，前两个

40、数为一个单位，后两个数为一个单位。 如： 1982 年读作 nineteen eighty-two, 1900 年读作 nineteen hundred。如果是三位数，先读第一位，再把后两个数合起来读。如：984 年可读为 nine eighty-four,757 年读成 seven fifty-seven。另外， 像 2000 年一般读成two thousand, 则读成 two thousand and one,名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 14 页，共 20

41、页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备以此类推，应读成 two thousand and four。January 12th, 1993 读成 January the twelfth, nineteen ninety-three 。注意：英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写 ，并且前面 无需用冠词 。用英语表示日期，其顺序为“ 月日年 ” ，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如： August 2nd，2003( 8 月 2 日)。也可以用 “ 日月年 ” 来表示。如：10th May ，2003( 5 月 10 日)。英语日期前介词的使用：若指在哪一年或哪一

42、月，则用介词in，若具体到某一天，则需用介词on 不规则动词表原形过去式过去分词意义arise arose arisen 出现be was, were been 是beat beat beaten 击败become became become 成为begin began begun 开始bend bent bent 弯曲bet bet bet 打赌bite bit bitten 咬bleed bled bled 流血blow blew blown 打击break broke broken 打破bring brought brought 带来名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - -

43、- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 15 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备broadcast broadcast broadcast 广播build built built 建设burn burnt, burned burnt, burned 燃烧burst burst burst 爆裂buy bought bought 购买can could - 可以catch caught caught 捕捉choose chose chosen 选择come came come 来cost

44、 cost cost 花费cut cut cut 切deal dealt dealt 处理dig dug dug 挖do did done 做draw drew drawn 画dream dreamt, dreamed dreamt, dreamed 梦想drink drank drunk 喝drive drove driven 开车eat ate eaten 吃fall fell fallen 下降feed fed fed 饲养feel felt felt 感觉fight fought fought 战斗名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - -

45、 - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 16 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备find found found 发现fly flew flown 飞foresee foresaw foreseen 预见forget forgot forgotten 忘记forgive forgave forgiven 原谅freeze froze frozen 冻结get got got 获得give gave given 给go went gone 去grow grew grown 增长hang hung ,hanged hung

46、, hanged 挂have, has had had 有hear heard heard 听hide hid hidden 隐藏hit hit hit 击中hold held held 举行hurt hurt hurt 伤害keep kept kept 保持know knew known 知道lay laid laid 躺在lead led led 领导learn learnt, learned learnt, learned 学习leave left left 离开lend lent lent 借出名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - -

47、 - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 17 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备let let let 让lie lay lain 撒谎light lit, lighted lit, lighted 照亮lose lost lost 失去make made made 使may might - 可能mean meant meant 意思meet met met 见面misread misread misread 误解mistake mistook mistaken 错误misunderstand misunderstood

48、misunderstood 误会must must - 必须pay paid paid 付put put put 放read read read 读rid rid, ridded rid, ridded 摆脱ride rode ridden 骑ring rang rung 响rise rose risen 上升run ran run 跑say said said 说see saw seen 看seek sought sought 寻求名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1

49、8 页，共 20 页 - - - - - - - - - 名师推荐精心整理学习必备sell sold sold 出售send sent sent 发送set set set 放置shake shook shaken 摇动shall should - 将shine shone, shined shone, shined 闪耀show showed showed, shown 显示shut shut shut 关闭sing sang sung 唱sink sank, sunk sunk, sunken 下沉sit sat sat 坐sleep slept slept 睡觉smell smelt,

50、smelled smelt, smelled 闻sow sowed sown, sowed 播种speak spoke spoken 发言spell spelt, spelled spelt, spelled 拼写spellbind spellbound spellbound 迷惑spend spent spent 花spill spilt spilt 洒spin spun spun 旋转spit spat spat 吐spoil spoilt spoilt 溺爱spread spread spread 蔓延stand stood stood 站名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - -