大学英语3学习知识重点复习资料(上海外国语版).doc

-/ Unit 1 Mr.Doherty Builds His Dream Life! 1、 课文内容背诵 12 I suspect not everyone who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities. One is a tolerance for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we dont entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home. 我想，不是所有热爱乡村的人都会乐意过我们这种生活的。这种生活需要一些特殊的素质。其一是耐得住寂寞。由于我们如此忙碌，手头又紧，我们很少请客。在作物生长季节，根本就没工夫参加社交活动。吉米和埃米莉虽然参加学校的各种活动，但他俩大多数时间也呆在家里。 13 The other requirement is energy -- a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. Instead, you do the work yourself. The only machinery we own (not counting the lawn mower) is a little three-horsepower rotary cultivator and a 16-inch chain saw. 另一项要求是体力――相当大的体力。小范围里实现自给自足的途径是抵制诱惑，不去购置拖拉机和其他昂贵的节省劳力的机械。相反，你要自己动手。我们仅有的机器（不包括割草机）是一台3马力的小型旋转式耕耘机以及一架16英寸的链锯。 14 How much longer well have enough energy to stay on here is anybodys guess -- perhaps for quite a while, perhaps not. When the time comes, well leave with a feeling of sorrow but also with a sense of pride at what weve been able to accomplish. We should make a fair profit on the sale of the place, too. Weve invested about $35,000 of our own money in it, and we could just about double that if we sold today. But this is not a good time to sell. Once economic conditions improve, however, demand for farms like ours should be strong again. 没人知道我们还能有精力在这里再呆多久--也许呆很长一阵子，也许不是。到走的时候，我们会怆然离去，但也会为自己所做的一切深感自豪。我们把农场出售也会赚相当大一笔钱。我们自己在农场投入了约35，000美金的资金，要是现在售出的话价格差不多可以翻一倍。不过现在不是出售的好时机。但是一旦经济形势好转，对我们这种农场的需求又会增多。 15 We didnt move here primarily to earn money though. We came because we wanted to improve the quality of our lives. When I watch Emily collecting eggs in the evening, fishing with Jim on the river or enjoying an old-fashioned picnic in the orchard with the entire family, I know weve found just what we were looking for. 但我们主要不是为了赚钱而移居至此的。我们来此居住是因为想提高生活质量。当我看着埃米莉傍晚去收鸡蛋，跟吉米一起在河上钓鱼，或和全家人一起在果园里享用老式的野餐，我知道，我们找到了自己一直在寻求的生活方式。 2、 常见单词词组整理 P15 blast v. 吹起，劲吹；炸；炸掉 boundary n. 边界；边界线 budget n. 预算 combine v. （使）结合；（使）联合 device n. 设备；装置 digest n. 文摘，摘要 v. 消化，融会贯通 economic a.经济学的；经济（方面）的 generate vt. 形成，产生 haul vt.（用卡车、马车等）搬运 illustrate vt. 加插图于；举例说明 improvement n. 改进，改善 indoor a. 室内的 insurance n.保险；保险费 invest v. 投资 involve vt. 使参加；使陷入；包含，牵涉 lower v. 降低 minor a. 较少的，较小的，较次要的 profit n. 收益，利润 v. 获益；有益于 pursue vt. 努力去获得（或完成）；追求 requirement n. 要求；必要条件 resist vt. 抵制 scale n. 规模 stack vt. 将...堆起来；n. 一堆 supplement vt. 补充；增补 suspect vt. 相信；怀疑 temptation n. 诱惑（物） wicked a. 邪恶的，坏的 aside from 除了；除...以外（尚有） at that point 就在那时 cut back 减少，削减 dine out 外出吃饭 get by 过得去；尚可 get through 通过，度过 just about 几乎 on a small / large scale 小/大规模地 on balance 总的来说 三、翻译中译英 1、 句子翻译 （1）我们的计算机系统出了毛病，但我觉得问题比较小。 （minor） 译：We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor. （2） 父亲去世时我还小，不能独立生活。就在那时，家乡的父老接过了养育（my upbringing）的责任。 （at that point） 译: My father died when I was too young to live on my own. The people of my hometown took over the responsibility for my upbringing at that point. （3） 这些玩具必得在达到严格的安全要求后才可售给儿童。 （requirement） 译： The toys have to meet strict safety requirements before they can be sold to children. （4） 作为新闻和舆论的载体（carrier），广播和电视补充了而不是替代了报纸。（supplement， rather than） 译：Radio and television have supplemented rather than replaced the newspaper as carriers of news and opinion. （5） 至于这本杂志，它刊载世界各地许多报纸杂志上文章的摘要。 （digest, when it comes to...） 译：When it comes to this magazine, it carries a digest of articles from many newspaper and magazines around the world. 2、 短文翻译 十年之前，南希做了许许多多美国人梦寐以求的事。她辞去了经理职位，在邻近地区开了一家家用器具商店。像南希那样的人作出这种决定主要是想改善生活质量。 A decade ago, Nancy did what so many Americans dream about. She quit an executive position and opened a household device store in her neighborhood. People like Nancy made the decision primarily for the improvement in the quality of their lives. 然而，经营小本生意绝非易事。在失去稳定的收入后，南希不得不削减日常开支。有时候她甚至没有钱支付她所需要的种种保险的费用。 But, to run a business on a small scale is by no means an easy job. Without her Steady income, Nancy had to cut back on her daily expenses. Sometimes she did not Even have the money to pay the premiums for the various kinds of insurance she needed. 幸运的是，通过自己的努力，她已经度过了最困难的时期。她决心继续追求她所向往的更加美好的生活。 Fortunately , through her own hard work, she has now got through the most difficult time. She is determined to continue pursuing her vision of a better life. Unit 2 The Freedom Givers 1、 课文内容背诵 4 Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me. Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South. Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the Railroad to freedom. 但此地只是我所承担的繁重使命的一处停留地。乔赛亚•亨森只是一长串无所畏惧的男女名单中的一个名字，这些人共同创建了这条“地下铁路”，一条由逃亡线路和可靠的人家组成的用以解放美国南方黑奴的秘密网络。在1820年至1860年期间，多达十万名黑奴经由此路走向自由。 5 In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $16 million for the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U. S. The center is scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati. And its about time. For the heroes of the Underground Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung. I was intent on telling their stories. 2000年10月，克林顿总统批准拨款1600万美元建造全国“地下铁路”自由中心，以此纪念美国历史上第一次伟大的民权斗争。中心计划于2004年在辛辛那提州建成。真是该建立这样一个中心的时候了。因为地下铁路的英雄们依然默默无闻，他们的业绩依然少人颂扬。我要讲述他们的故事。 2、 常见单词词组整理 P44 abolish vt. 废除（法律、习俗等） alongside ad.在旁边，沿着边；p.沿着...旁边 bid vt. 吩咐，告诉 authorize vt. 批准；委托 capture n. 抓捕；捕获 compel vt. 强迫，强求 confident a.有信心的，确信的 conviction n. 坚定的看法或信仰 decade n. 十年（期） disguise vt. 假装，伪装 forge vt.（靠艰苦工作）建立 historic a. 有历史意义的 impose vt. 把...强加于... mission n. 特殊使命，任务 motivate vt.使产生动机；激起 racial a.种族的 religious a. 宗教的，宗教上的 settlement n.新拓居点 shelter vt.给...提供庇护处；保护 site n. 地方，位置 slender a.苗条的；细长的 spot vt.看出；辨认；发现 terminal n.（铁路等）终点 threat n.恐吓，威胁 web n. 网，网状物；网状组织 as for 至于 at risk 有危险，冒风险 be intent on 热衷于，坚持要做 close in(on /around) 接近，包围 in the eyes of 在（某人）看来 make the best of 尽量利用，充分利用 on the side 作为兼职；秘密地 pass for 被看作；被当做 stand up (for) 支持 2、 翻译中译英 （1） 虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战，克服危机。 (confident) 译：Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. （2） 在持续不断的沙尘暴的威胁下，我们被迫离开我们喜爱的村庄，搬迁到新的地方。 （threat， compel， settlement） 译：Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement. （3） 根据最近的网上调查，许多消费者说他们也许会有兴趣考虑购买电视广告中播放的产品。 （motivate） 译：According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. （4） 看到卡车司机把污染的废弃物（contaminated waste）倒在河边，老人马上向警方报告。 （spot, alongside） 译：Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once. （5） 一些科学家坚信人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物（genetically modified crops）的，因为它们能够提高产量，帮助发展中国家战胜饥荒和疾病。 （conviction, come to...） 译：Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world. 2、 短文翻译 亨森获得自由后不久就一心帮助逃亡奴隶。他几次偷偷地从加拿大回到美国帮助其他奴隶通过地下铁路获得自由。有一次在逃跑时，亨森和几个逃跑的奴隶被捕捉奴隶的人包围。他将逃跑的奴隶乔装打扮一番，成功地躲避了追捕。后来他在加拿大的得累斯顿为逃跑的奴隶建造了一个居住小区，并建了教堂和学校。他坚信奴隶制终将被废除，种族歧视消失的那天一定会到来。 Shortly after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States from Canada several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. In addition, later he built a small settlement in Dresden in Canada for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed. Unit3 The Land of the Lock 1、 课文内容背诵 4 It has been replaced by dead-bolt locks, security chains, electronic alarm systems and trip wires hooked up to a police station or private guard firm. Many suburban families have sliding glass doors on their patios, with steel bars elegantly built in so no one can pry the doors open. 取而代之的是防盗锁、防护链、电子报警系统，以及连接警署或私人保安公司的报警装置。郊区的许多人家在露台上安装了玻璃滑门，内侧有装得很讲究的钢条，这样就没人能把门撬开。 5 It is not uncommon, in the most pleasant of homes, to see pasted on the windows small notices announcing that the premises are under surveillance by this security force or that guard company. 在最温馨的居家，也常常看得到窗上贴着小小的告示，称本宅由某家安全机构或某个保安公司负责监管。 6 The lock is the new symbol of America. Indeed, a recent public-service advertisement by a large insurance company featured not charts showing how much at risk we are, but a picture of a childs bicycle with the now-usual padlock attached to it. 锁成了美国的新的象征。的确，一家大保险公司最近的一则公益广告没有用图表表明我们所处的危险有多大，而是用了一幅童车的图片，车身上悬着如今无所不在的挂锁。 7 The ad pointed out that, yes, it is the insurance companies that pay for stolen goods, but who is going to pay for what the new atmosphere of distrust and fear is doing to our way of life? Who is going to make the psychic payment for the transformation of America from the Land of the Free to the Land of the Lock? 广告指出，没错，确是保险公司理赔失窃物品，但谁来赔偿互不信任、担心害怕这种新氛围对我们的生活方式所造成的影响呢？谁来对美国从自由之国到锁之国这一蜕变作出精神赔偿呢？ 8 For that is what has happened. We have become so used to defending ourselves against the new atmosphere of American life, so used to putting up barriers, that we have not had time to think about what it may mean. 因为那就是现状。我们已经变得如此习惯于保护自己不受美国生活新氛围的影响，如此习惯于设置障碍，因而无暇考虑这一切意味着什么。 2、 常见单词词组整理 P72 analyze vt. 分析；研究 atmosphere n. 气氛；（包围地球的）大气 barrier n. 障碍；妨碍 chart n. 图表，示意图 civilize vt. 开化；使文明 electronic a. 电子的 era n. 纪元，年代，时代 error n. 错误，差错；误差 feature vt. 给...以显著地位，突出；由...主演 medium a. 中等的；平均的 paste vt. 用浆糊粘贴 reflection n.有损声誉的事；思考；反映 rural a. 农村的；有乡村特点的 sideways ad.斜着（的）；斜向一边（的） sophisticated a. 复杂的，精密的；老练的 statistics n. 统计；统计资料 suburb n. 郊区 system n. 系统；体系；制度 threaten vt. 威胁；恐吓 universal a.全体的，共同的，普遍的 urban a. 城市的，都市的 vulnerable a. 易受攻击的；无防御的 wander vi. 漫游；徘徊；闲逛 be bathed in 沉浸于；沐浴于 build in 使成为建筑物的一部分 close up （尤指暂时）关闭 hook up to 连接到 look back on 回顾 on the latch （门）关着但没上锁 put up 建造，设置 stand for 代表，表示，象征 with/by a small/large margin 小/大幅度地 without /with not so much so 甚至连...都没... 3、 翻译中译英 1、 句子翻译 （1） 无论是在城市还是在农村，因特网正在改变人们的生活方式。（urban, rural） 译：The Internet is changing the way people live, no matter whether they are in urban or rural areas. （2） 和大公司相比，中小公司更容易受到全球经济危机的威胁。(medium, vulnerable) 译：Medium-sized and small companies are more vulnerable to the threat of the global economic crisis than large ones. （3） 关于期末论文，教授要求我们先分析失业图表，然后对国家的经济发展提供批评性的见解。 (analyze,chart,reflection) 译：With regard to our term papers, the professor asked us to analyze the chart of unemployment first, and then provide critical reflections on the nation’s economic development. （4） 他从来也没有想到他们队会以大比分赢得那场篮球赛。 （by a large margin, it occurs to...） 译：It never occurred to him that their team would win the basketball match by a large margin. （5） 回顾二十年的中学教学，我把我的成功归结为耐心、才能和对知识的不断追求。 （look back on） 译：Looking back on my twenty years’ teaching in high school, I attributed my success to patience, talent, and the constant pursuit of knowledge. 2、短文翻译 人们几乎无法将蓄意行窃的盗贼拒之门外。所能做的只是设法阻拦他片刻，从而使其暴露在巡警（police patrol）面前。常识告诉我们，光照是犯罪行为的障碍物。家门口必须安装一盏灯，并在晚间开着。如果你碰巧是最晚一个回家，别只关门而不上锁。如果你决定购买精密的电子报警系统，别忘了索要报警器的标志，并把它们张贴在窗户和门上。此外，你还可以将报警系统连接到警署。 It is almost impossible to keep a determined burglar out. All you can do is discourage him for a few minutes, thus exposing him to police patrols or those wandering around. Common sense tells us that lighting is a barrier to criminal activity. A light should be fixed in the doorway and switched on at night. Make sure/assure yourself that you don’t leave the door on the latch if you happen to be the last to come in. If you decide to buy a sophiticated electronic alarm system, be sure to ask for its signs and put them up on both windows and doors. In addition you may have it hooked up to a police station. Unit4 Was Einstein a Space Alien? 一、课文内容背诵 19EinsteinsparentssometimestookAlberttoparties.Nobabysitterwasrequired:Albertsatonthecouch,totallyabsorbed,quietlydoingmathproblemswhileothersdancedaroundhim.PencilandpaperwereAlbertsGameBoy! 爱因斯坦的父母有时会带儿子参加聚会。她们不常请人看孩子：当其他人在他周围跳舞时，阿尔伯特坐在沙发上，全神贯注，静静地做数学题。笔和纸是阿尔伯特的玩具！ 20Hehadimpressivepowersofconcentration.Einsteinssister,Maja,recalled"...evenwhentherewasalotofnoise,hecouldliedownonthesofa,pickupapenandpaper,precariouslybalanceaninkwellonthebackrestandengrosshimselfinaproblemsomuchthatthebackgroundnoisestimulatedratherthandisturbedhim." 他有极强的集中思想的能力。爱因斯坦的妹妹玛雅，回忆说：“„„即使周围非常吵闹，他也能躺在沙发上，拿起纸和笔，悠悠地把墨水池放在一个靠背上，专心致志得解题，北京声音不但没有打扰他，反而激励他。” 21Einsteinwasclearlyintelligent,butnotoutlandishlymoresothanhispeers."Ihavenospecialtalents,"heclaimed,"Iamonlypassionatelycurious."Andagain:"Thecontrastbetweenthepopularassessmentofmypowers...andtherealityissimplygrotesque."Einsteincreditedhisdiscoveriestoimag