商务英语专业四级考试术语解释.doc

,. 商务英语专业四级考试术语解释 1. global company : 跨国公司 --a company that integrates its international biz activities -- A multinational corporation or multinational enterprise is an organization, that owned or controls productions of goods or services in one or more countries other than the home country. （维基百科） 2. joint venture : 合资企业 --a partnership that is formed by two or more parties cooperating in some special biz activities. -- a business or project in which two or more companies or individuals have invested, with the intention of working together. （柯林斯词典） 3. merger & acquisition : 并购 --combining of two or more entities through the direct acquisition by the net assets of the other. -- transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations or their operating units are transferred or combined. 4. distribution channel: 分销渠道；销售渠道 --all the organizations and people involved in the physical movement of goods and services from producer to consumer. 5. listed company : 上市公司 --a company whose shares have been quoted by the Stock Exchange. -- A public company, publicly traded company, publicly held company, publicly listed company, or public corporation is a corporation whose ownership is dispersed among the general public in many shares of stock which are freely traded on a stock exchange or in over the counter markets场外交易市场. （维基百科） 6. Industrial complex : 工业生产基地 --a manufacturing area that consists of many different factories turning out different products. 7. brand recognition : 品牌认知（度）；品牌识别 --a product or products that has or have been recognized and appreciated by local consumers. 8. specialty shop : 专卖店 --an outlet that deals in or sells a particular line of products. 9. household name 家喻户晓的名字 -- a brand, person, company, etc. that is known to all or very popular in a place. 10. loss-maker : 亏损企业 --a biz that continually makes no profit. 11. home country : 祖国，母国 --the country on which a multinational corporation’s HQs is based. 12. quota : 配额，定额，限额 --a restriction on the quantity of imports of a particular product that a country impose. 13. market economy : 市场经济 --an economy in which the market is used to determine resource allocation, prices, and investments. 14. new economy : 新经济 --a different form of economy that is mainly supported by IT sector and characterized by knowledge-based economy instead of manufacturing. -- an economic system that is based on computers and modern technology, and is therefore dependent on educated workers. （朗文词典） 15. labor force : 劳动力 --all of the people in a country or in a region that are employed or are likely to be employed in the future. 16. bubble economy : --an economy that primarily depends on banking, financial market and other transient短暂的 operation. 17. venture capital : 风险资本 --funds that are invested in new plants or hi-tech startups open to large risk of loss. -- Venture capital is capital that is invested in projects that have a high risk of failure, but that will bring large profits if they are successful.（柯林斯词典） 18. biz cycle : 商业周期 --A period of time that a biz goes through consists of four stages---boom繁荣, recession衰退, depression萧条, recovery复苏. 19. stock market : 股票交易；证券市场，股票市场 --a stock exchange that deals in stocks and shares. -- the business of buying and selling stocks and shares. -- a place where stocks and shares are bought and sold. （朗文词典） 20. product life cycle : 产品生命周期 --a theory stating that certain kinds of products go through a cycle consisting of four stages, namely, introduction投入期, growth成长期, maturity 饱和期and decline衰退期. 21. Seed money=seed capital启动资金 --the initial equity capital 股本used to start a new venture or biz. -- the money you have available to start a new business. （朗文词典） 22. liquidity 流动资产 --available cash or the capacity to obtain it on demand. -- In finance, a companys liquidity is the amount of cash or liquid assets it has easily available. 资产折现力 23. exchange rate 汇率 --the amount of one currency that can be bought with another. -- the value of the money of one country compared to the money of another country。 24. multinational company 跨国公司 --a very large organization that owns companies in more than one country in order to obtain low-cost raw materials and make efficient use of a local workforce. 25. money market 货币市场，金融市场 --the institutions and practices through which short-term funds are channeled to borrowers and entrepreneurs. -- A countrys money market consists of all the banks and other organizations that deal with short-term loans, capital, and foreign exchange. （柯林斯词典） -- all the banks and other institutions that buy, sell, lend, or borrow money, especially foreign money, for profit. （朗文词典） 26. collateral担保物，抵押品 --property or an item of value acceptable as security抵押品 for a loan or other obligation. 被接受作为抵押或其他义务担保的财产 -- property or other goods that you promise to give someone if you cannot pay back the money they lend you. （朗文词典） 27. Dow-Jones Industrial Average 道琼斯工业平均指数 --an index of the share prices quoted on the New York Stock Exchange for a group of 30 leading industrial companies. 28. Blue chip 蓝筹股，优质股票 --a stock that sells at high price because of public confidence in its long record of steady earnings. 29. Nasdaq : 纳斯达克 --national association of securities dealers automated quotations.全国证券交易商自动报价系统协会 -- The Nasdaq Stock Market is an American stock exchange. It is the second-largest exchange in the world by market capitalization, behind only the New York Stock Exchange 纽约证券交易所located in the same city. （维基百科） 30. (insurance) policy 保险单 --the printed legal document stating the terms of insurance contract that is issued to the policy holder投保人 by company 31. public relations 公共关系，公关 --PR, the activity of keeping good relationships between an organization and the people outside it. 32. depression : 萧条，不景气 --a period of drastic decline in a national or international economy, characterized by decreasing biz activity, falling prices, and unemployment.国家（或国际）经济不景气的一段时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业。 33. Trade deficit 贸易赤字 --imports minus exports of goods and services. 34. Speculation投机 --engagements in risky biz transactions on the chances of quick or considerable profit 35. Value added tax 增值税 --an indirect tax imposed on consumption that is reflective of the incremental 增值的increases on the value of goods through the chain of production, from the raw material phase to final consumption.增值税是向消费征收的间接税，它反映了商品从原材料到最终消费的整个生产过程中的增加值。 36. Fair trade 公平贸易 --trade that conforms to a fair-trade agreement 37. Subsidy 补贴 --a payment or contribution paid for the manufacture, production, or export of a good or product. -- financial benefit direct or indirect from government to producers or exporters. 38. Rebate 减税，折扣 --a deduction from an amount to be paid or a return of part of an amount given in payment. 39. tax exemption免税 --the freedom for having to pay tax 40. FDI外国直接投资 --the funds committed to a foreign enterprise. An investor who buys 10 percent or more of the controlling shares of a foreign enterprise makes a direct investment. The investor may gain partial or total control of the enterprise. 41. free trade 自由贸易 --trade between nations without protective customs tariff. 42. tariff 关税 --duties or a duty imposed by a government on imported or exported goods. 43. globalization 全球化 --the increasing worldwide integration of markets for goods, services and capital that attracted special attention in the late 1990s. 44. anti-dumping duty反倾销税 --tariff levied on dumped imports. 45. trade barrier 贸易壁垒 --any barrier that may impede the import of goods, such as quota, testing or certification. 46. import substitution 进口替代 --a strategy which emphasizes the replacement of imports with domestically made goods, rather than the production of goods for export, to encourage the development of domestic industry. 47. arbitration 仲裁 --the process by which the parties to a dispute submit their differences to the judgment of an impartial person or a group appointed by mutual consent or statutory provision（指定条款） 48. balance sheet 资产负债表, 缩写 B.S. --a financial statement that reports the assets and equities of a company at a particular time. 一个公司或机构在指定日期的资产、负债和所有者投资的列表说明。 49. return 收益 --a profit or yield, as from labor or investment. 50. cash flow现金流 --The cash receipts or net income from one or more assets for a given period, reckoned after taxes and other disbursements, and often used as a measure of corporate worth. 现金流出量：在特定的一段时间内来自一项或数项财产，扣除税收和其它支付金额外所得的现金收入或净收入，常用来衡量公司的价值 51. labor-intensive 劳动密集型 --requiring or having a large expenditure of labor in comparison to capital 52. net earnings 净收益，净盈利 --the net profit after all costs and expenses have been deducted. 53. productivity 生产力 --the rate at which goods or services are produced, especially output per unit of labor. 54. market share 市场份额 --the proportion of total sales volumes of a certain market that a company captures. 55. workforce 劳动力, 工人总数: the group of people who work in an industry, company, country. 56. income disparity : inequality in income distribution. 57. equity资产，股本 : common stock普通股 and preferred stock优先股 which represent ownership to a biz organization 58. outsource外协生产 : to farm out包出 (work, for example) to an outside provider or manufacturer in order to cut cost. 外界供应：为缩减开支而把（如工作）包给外界的供应者或生产者 59. lead time订货至交货的时间 --the period of time between the actual ordering of parts or equipment and the delivery of them. 60. acquisition收购 --when a company takes over another one and clearly becomes the new owner, the purchase is called an acquisition, also called takeover or buyout. 61. initial public offering (IPO) 首次公开发行 --private company’s first offer of its stock to the public 62. merger 合并 --the union or combination of two or more commercial interests or corporations. 63. liquidity squeeze流动性短缺，头寸紧张 --financial pressure caused by shortages of narrowing economic margins. -- a reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit) or a sudden tightening of the conditions required to obtain a loan from the banks. （维基百科） 64. reverse merger(借壳上市) --it is a special kind of acquisition that enables a private company to get publicly-listed in a relatively short time period. A reverse merger occurs when a private company that has strong prospects and is eager to raise financing buys a publicly-listed shell company(空壳公司)。 65. horizontal merger横向合并 --two companies that are in direct competition in the same products line and markets merger. vertical merger 纵向合并 --merging with a company with different stage of production process, for instance, a car maker merging with a parts supplier. 66. real estate 不动产，房地产 --Land, including all the natural resources and permanent buildings on it.土地，包括土地上的所有自然资源和永久性建筑 67. hedge fund 对冲基金公司 --an investment company that uses high-risk techniques, such as borrowing money and selling short, in an effort to make extraordinary capital gains. 68. GNP : the total market value of aggregate goods and services produced by a nation during a specified period, especially a year. 69. return on investment (ROI) 投资回报率 --a profit or yield from investment. 70. bull market 牛市 --a market, especially securities market, that is going up or expected to go up. Bear market 熊市 -- a general decline in the stock market over a period of time. （维基百科）真正好的朋友，从来不需要这些表面功夫。走在这漫漫俗尘，形如微尘的我们，每天忙碌的像只蝼蚁，哪有时间去整那些虚假的表面文章。那些沉淀在岁月里的真情实意，哪一个不是无事各自忙，有事时，却又从不问回报几何的真心相助？ 　　至于那些平日里看上去可以一起打闹，一起吃喝，一起厮混，看似好成一片的人，或许，只是你在多少次的四目相对之时，动了真心，存了真义，是你默默认定对方可称朋友，有困难的时候是你愿意伸以援手，但未必对方一样。 　　多少看似热情的人，内心是薄情的。而多少看似淡漠的人，内心实则一片温热。那些表面热诚的人，总是相安无事各自好，一旦你有事需要援助，别说大事，就是小事需代劳，你都会发现原来不过情比纸薄，对方远比你自己想的要现实的多。 　　有些人，自从与你接近，内心就存有一份自己的打算。定是你于他而言，多少有些可用之处。正所谓无事献殷勤，非奸即盗。在这个功利心弥漫的世态下，没有哪一份意外的热情不无所图。不仅是职场如此，男人如此，就连女人也不能免俗。 　　接孩子的时候，被困高层电梯下不来，一个电话打来，希望能帮忙照看一下放学的孩子。实在的人总是把别人毫不见外的信任，当作是一种荣幸，于是想都不用想就能一口答应。可当你有事需要对方只是代笔签个字这样的举手之劳时，对方都能各种不情愿各种推脱，至此你终是发现，原来人与人之间真不是一杯换一盏的事儿。关键时刻，还是得找那些看似平时不联系，但一开口能力范围之内就愿意为你想办法的人。 　　多少人天真的以为，认识的人越多，人脉就越广，自己就越厉害，其实，那些所谓的人脉，不过廉价。倘若你没有同等的利用价值，谁会与你建立起所谓的交际？最是谈钱伤感情，也最是感情不值钱。别结识了比自己优秀比自己有能力的人，就觉得有了依靠有了光环，自己不足够优秀，结识谁都没有用。在你困难需求的时候，你开口求助，能够推脱敷衍那算给面子，对你闭门不见佯装不熟也是情理之中。 　　日久见人心，患难见真情。平时是平时，别把平时当真情。这世上多少人变脸如翻书，有求于你一个样，各自安好一个样，最是有求于他嘴脸陋，让你瞬间就明白，何谓人情凉薄。 　　随着年龄的增长，人心的不再纯澈，人与人之间的交往就不再那么的纯粹而真心了。也正是因为如此，才更要珍惜那些默默守护在你生活中的朋友。别看平时忙的少有见面，少有聊天，就连微信，都少有私信。但有事儿的时候，只一声招呼，谁能出力都会挺身而出，义不容辞。 真正好的朋友，从来不需要这些表面功夫。走在这漫漫俗尘，形如微尘的我们，每天忙碌的像只蝼蚁，哪有时间去整那些虚假的表面文章。那些沉淀在岁月里的真情实意，哪一个不是无事各自忙，有事时，却又从不问回报几何的真心相助？ 　　至于那些平日里看上去可以一起打闹，一起吃喝，一起厮混，看似好成一片的人，或许，只是你在多少次的四目相对之时，动了真心，存了真义，是你默默认定对方可称朋友，有困难的时候是你愿意伸以援手，但未必对方一样。 　　多少看似热情的人，内心是薄情的。而多少看似淡漠的人，内心实则一片温热。那些表面热诚的人，总是相安无事各自好，一旦你有事需要援助，别说大事，就是小事需代劳，你都会发现原来不过情比纸薄，对方远比你自己想的要现实的多。 　　有些人，自从与你接近，内心就存有一份自己的打算。定是你于他而言，多少有些可用之处。正所谓无事献殷勤，非奸即盗。在这个功利心弥漫的世态下，没有哪一份意外的热情不无所图。不仅是职场如此，男人如此，就连女人也不能免俗。 　　接孩子的时候，被困高层电梯下不来，一个电话打来，希望能帮忙照看一下放学的孩子。实在的人总是把别人毫不见外的信任，当作是一种荣幸，于是想都不用想就能一口答应。可当你有事需要对方只是代笔签个字这样的举手之劳时，对方都能各种不情愿各种推脱，至此你终是发现，原来人与人之间真不是一杯换一盏的事儿。关键时刻，还是得找那些看似平时不联系，但一开口能力范围之内就愿意为你想办法的人。 　　多少人天真的以为，认识的人越多，人脉就越广，自己就越厉害，其实，那些所谓的人脉，不过廉价。倘若你没有同等的利用价值，谁会与你建立起所谓的交际？最是谈钱伤感情，也最是感情不值钱。别结识了比自己优秀比自己有能力的人，就觉得有了依靠有了光环，自己不足够优秀，结识谁都没有用。在你困难需求的时候，你开口求助，能够推脱敷衍那算给面子，对你闭门不见佯装不熟也是情理之中。 　　日久见人心，患难见真情。平时是平时，别把平时当真情。这世上多少人变脸如翻书，有求于你一个样，各自安好一个样，最是有求于他嘴脸陋，让你瞬间就明白，何谓人情凉薄。 　　随着年龄的增长，人心的不再纯澈，人与人之间的交往就不再那么的纯粹而真心了。也正是因为如此，才更要珍惜那些默默守护在你生活中的朋友。别看平时忙的少有见面，少有聊天，就连微信，都少有私信。但有事儿的时候，只一声招呼，谁能出力都会挺身而出，义不容辞。