大学新视野英语2读写教育教案第三版课本学习知识词汇资料讲解.doc

-! Unit 1 New words tedious a. boring and continuing for too long 冗长乏味的 Telling the story has become tedious, as I have done it so many times. 讲述这个故事已变得单调乏味，因为我已经讲了这么多次了。 oblige vt. (usu. passive) make sb. feel that it is necessary to do sth. 迫使；使负有义务 He felt obliged to help his mother, even if it meant leaving college. 他觉得有责任帮助母亲，即使这意味着他要离开大学。 absorbed a. so interested or involved in sth. that you do not notice anything else 极感兴趣的；全神贯注的；专注的 Time passes quickly when you are absorbed in reading a good book. 在聚精会神地读一本好书的时候，时间过得非常快。 allergic a. 1 (be ~ to sth.) (infml.) if you are allergic to sth., you do not like it and try to avoid it 不喜欢某事；对某事反感 Most men are allergic to housework. 大多数男人都不喜欢做家务。 2 having an allergy 过敏的 I do not enjoy picnics because I am allergic to grass. 我不喜欢野餐，因为我对草过敏。 excursion n. [C] a short journey you take for pleasure 短途出行；远足 It was such a wonderful day that they decided to take a day excursion to the mountain. 这么好的天气，他们决定去山上一日游。 Included in the Beijing tour is an excursion to the Great Wall. 北京之行包括了游览长城。 earnest a. very serious and sincere 非常认真的；郑重其事的 At the office he was very earnest, but he’s more relaxed now. 在办公室他很认真，但是现在他放松多了。 Frank is an earnest man; he works hard and is also very reliable. 弗兰克是一个认真的人，他工作努力，也很可靠。 exclaim v. say sth. suddenly and loudly because of surprise, anger, or excitement （由于惊奇、气愤或激动）呼喊，惊叫 Susan exclaimed horror when a young man with a gun suddenly appeared from behind her. 当一名年轻男子突然持枪从苏珊背后出现时，她害怕得惊叫起来。 whoa interj. said to show that you are surprised or that you think sth. is impressive 哎呀，哇（表示惊讶或认为某事物令人赞叹） civilization n. [C, U] a society that is well organized and developed, used esp. about a particular society in a particular place or at a particular time 文明（社会） architecture n. [U] 1 the style and design of a building or buildings 建筑风格；建筑式样 2 the art and practice of planning and designing buildings 建筑学 capture vt. 1 succeed in recording, showing, or describing a situation or feeling, using words or pictures （用文字或图片）记录下，描述，捕捉 Some artists are able to catch a likeness in a sketch while others are gifted to capture a fleeting expression. 有些艺术家能画出酷似某人的肖像，而另一些则善于捕捉到稍纵即逝的表情。 The robbery was captured on a police video camera. 抢劫过程被警方的摄像机拍录了下来。 2 catch a person and keep them as a prisoner 俘虏；逮捕 Government troops have succeeded in capturing the rebel leader. 政府军已经成功捕获叛乱分子的头目。 condense vt. make sth. that is spoken or written shorter 将（讲话或文章）压缩 The whole chapter could be condensed into a few paragraphs. 这一整章可以压缩成几个段落。 condensed a. being made shorter, usu. including only the most important parts 压缩的 The council was merely given a condensed version of what had already been disclosed in Washington. 该理事会得到的只是已在华盛顿披露的内容的浓缩版。 exceed vt. (fml.) be more than a particular number or amount 超过；超出 You’ll have to pay extra money if you exceed your luggage allowance. 如果你的行李超重，你必须额外付费。 distress n. [U] a feeling of extreme unhappiness 忧虑；苦恼；悲伤 She had five years of active and happy life in the hospital before she died, without much pain or distress from cancer. 她过世前在医院过了五年积极而快乐的生活，并没有因为患癌症而遭受多大的痛苦或忧伤。 distinguish v. recognize the differences between things 区分；辨别 A formal education with emphasis on history, literature, and culture helps a person learn how to distinguish right from wrong. 着重于历史、文学和文化的正规教育能帮助一个人学习如何明辨是非。 distinctive a. easy to recognize because of being different from other people or things of the same type 与众不同的；特殊的；特别的 The distinctive design of a product provides a powerful competitive advantage over other products. 一个独特的产品设计具有比其他产品更强有力的竞争优势。 complimentary a. 1 given free to people 免费赠送的 All guests will receive a complimentary bottle of champagne. 所有客人都将得到一瓶免费的香槟。 2 saying that you admire sb. or sth. 赞美的；钦佩的 Mrs. Stevens was most complimentary about your work. 史蒂文斯夫人盛赞你的工作。 complementary a. complementary things go well together although they are usu. different 互为补充的；互补的 The economies of the two countries are complementary to one another in nature. 两国经济具有互补性。 bulk n. [U] (the ~ of sth.) the majority or largest part of sth. （某物的）大部分，多半 Because the bulk of the work was supervised by the owner, the overall cost is difficult to assess. 因为大部分的工作是由业主监督，总体成本很难去评估。 Buying in bulk is more economical than shopping for small quantities. 大批量采购比小批量更经济。 criticism n. [C, U] remarks that say what you think is bad about sb. or sth. 批评；批判；指责 deficit n. [C] 1 a lack of a quality, skill, or ability that you should have （素质、技能或能力的）缺乏，不足 knowledge/language/sleep deficit 知识/语言/睡眠的缺乏 2 the amount by which sth. is less than you need or should have 赤字；亏损；逆差 Owing to the heavy deficit, the company is apparently on the verge of bankruptcy. 由于巨额亏损，该公司很明显已到了破产的边缘。 Tax was low and state spending was high, which resulted in a budget deficit. 低税收和州政府的高支出导致了预算赤字。 dumb a. (infml.) stupid 愚蠢的 The questions were set up just to make her look dumb. 问题这么设计就是为了让她出丑。 grocery n. 1 [C] (also ~ store) (AmE supermarket) a store selling food and other goods 超级市场 2 (~ies) [pl.] food and other goods 食品杂货 stationary a. standing still instead of moving 不（移）动的；静止的 Stationary cars in traffic jams caused a great deal of pollution. 交通堵塞中静止不动的汽车产生了大量污染。 stationery n. [U] materials used for writing, such as paper, pens, pencils, etc. 文具 We regret that we are unable to accept telephone orders for personal stationery items. 很遗憾，我们不能接受个人文具用品的电话订购。 pad n. [C] 1 several sheets of paper fastened together, used for writing or drawing 便笺本；拍纸簿 2 a thick flat object made of cloth or rubber, used to protect or clean sth., or to make sth. more comfortable 垫；衬垫；护垫 album n. [C] a book that you put photographs, stamps, etc. in （收存照片、邮票等的）簿，册 proclaim vt. (fml.) say publicly or officially that sth. important is true or exists 宣称；宣布；声明 Britain proudly proclaims that it is a nation of animal lovers. 英国自豪地宣称自己是一个爱护动物的国家。 scandal n. 1 [sing.] a situation that shocks you and makes you angry, esp. one that you think sb. in authority should change （尤指当局本应改变的）令人震惊的事，引起愤慨的事 It is a scandal that a person can be stopped by the police for no reason. 警察竟可以毫无理由地拦人，这很令人震惊。 2 [C] an event in which sb., esp. sb. important, behaves in a bad way that shocks people （尤指牵涉知名人士的） 丑闻，丑事 The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later. 那位官员卷入了一桩丑闻，几个星期后被迫辞职。 thrust v. (thrust, thrust) push sth. somewhere roughly 猛推；猛塞 She never enjoyed the fame that was thrust on her. 对于强加给她的名声，她从未感到过开心。 proficiency n. [U] a good standard of ability and skill 熟练；精通 Evidence of basic proficiency in English is part of the admission requirements. 具备基本的英语技能是入学要求的一部分。 moreover ad. (fml.) in addition — used to introduce information that adds to or supports what has previously been said 而且；再者；此外 Moreover, they become more concerned about their health as they grow older. 此外，随着年龄的增长，他们更加关注自己的健康。 evidently ad. used for saying that sth. is obviously true 明显地；显然 She should have been here two hours ago, so she’s evidently decided not to come after all. 她两小时以前就应该到这儿了，所以她显然决定不来了。 Although Miss Smith was evidently not very well, she continued working throughout the summer. 虽然史密斯小姐身体很明显不适 ，可是她还是坚持工作了一个夏天。 exposure n. 1 [sing., U] the chance to experience new ideas, ways of life, etc. 接触；体验 Exposure to a second language should take place in elementary school. 孩子们应该从小学就开始接触第二语言。 For as yet unknown reasons, I had come through five years of exposure to a fatal virus without being infected. 由于某种未知的原因，我与一种致命的病毒接触了五年却相安无事，没被感染。 2 [U] when sb. is in a situation where they are not protected from sth. dangerous or unpleasant 暴露 The doctor told Penny that too much exposure to the sun is bad for the skin and may cause cancer. 医生对彭妮说在太阳底下晒太久对皮肤有害，可能会致癌。 adequate a. enough in quantity or of a good enough quality for a particular purpose 足够的；充分的；合乎需要的 People accused the governor of failing to take adequate measures which could have prevented the disaster. 人们指责该州长对本来可以避免的灾难没有采取充分的措施。 adequately ad. 足够地；充分地 Some students are not adequately prepared for higher education. 有的学生没有充分地准备好接受高等教育。 competent a. having enough skills or knowledge to do sth. to a satisfactory standard 合格的；能干的 My secretary is perfectly competent, but she doesn’t have much patience. 我的秘书非常能干，但是她没有多少耐心。 jerk n. [C] a sudden quick movement 猛的一动；猝然一动 The old bus started with a jerk, so the passengers shook all of a sudden. 那辆旧的公共汽车猛地一动，车上的乘客都突然摇晃了一下。 jerky a. moving roughly with many starts and stops （在行进中）不平稳的，颠簸的 After the bus came to a jerky halt, the passengers got off the bus hurriedly. 公共汽车颠簸着停下来以后，乘客们都匆忙下车了。 function n. [C, U] the purpose that sth. has, or the job that sb. or sth. does （事物的）功能，作用；（某人的）职责 One of the chief functions of education is to equip future citizens with their places in society.教育的主要职能之一是帮助未来的公民在社会上找到自己的位置。 vi. work or operate in the correct way 正常工作；正常运转 If the Internet stopped functioning, the consequent losses could be measured in tens of billions of dollars. 如果因特网停止运作，由此产生的损失可用数百亿美元来衡量。 span n. [C] a period of time between two dates or events （两个日期或事件之间的）时距，期间 Property gained within the span of marriage such as salary is considered jointly owned property. 婚姻存续期间获得的财产，如工资，都视为夫妻共同财产。 The average life span for Americans is now more than 74 years. 美国人的平均寿命现在超过了74年。 scratch n. [C] 1 (from ~) from a point where nothing has been there, so you have to do everything yourself 从零开始；从头开始；白手起家 It may be the first time in years when you have had to start from scratch making new friends. 这可能是多年来的第一次你不得不从头开始结交新朋友。 2 a thin mark or cut on the surface of sth. or on sb.’s skin （物件或皮肤上的）刮痕，划痕 The scratch on the watch was almost too minute to see. 手表上的划痕几乎小得看不见。 tune vt. 1 (also ~ up) make small changes to an engine so that it works as well as possible 调整，调节（发动机）使达到最佳状态 In order to keep drivers safe, mechanics are urged to make sure that car engines are properly tuned up. 为了保证司机的安全，一定要敦促机械师确保汽车发动机已调整好。 2 make small changes to a musical instrument so that it will produce the correct notes 为（乐器）调音，定弦 Someone is coming tomorrow to tune the piano. 明天会有人来给钢琴调音。 adjust v. change or move sth. slightly to improve it or make it more suitable for a particular purpose 调整；调节 The figures have been adjusted for inflation. 数据因通货膨胀而作了调整。 vi. get used to a new situation by changing your ideas or the way you do things 适应 He soon adjusted to army life. 他很快就适应了军队生活。 destination n. [C] the place that sb. or sth. is going to 目的地；终点 Not only did he help me find the right bus, he also accompanied me to my destination and paid the entrance fee to the museum. 他不但帮我找到了正确的公车，还陪我到达了目的地，并为我支付了进入博物馆的门票。 precise a. exact, clear and correct 精确的；准确的 In preparing scientific reports, a student should explain his findings in precise language. 在准备科学报告时，学生应该用精确的语言来解释他的发现。 beneficial a. having a good effect 有利的；有帮助的；有用的 The researcher is attempting to show how parents can have beneficial conversations with their children. 这位研究者正试图示范父母可以如何跟他们的孩子展开有益的对话。 asset n. 1 [C] a major benefit 有利条件；长处 Knowing a foreign language is an important skill, a major social and business asset that will bring new life to the worlds of travel and entertainment. 懂外语是一门重要的技能，是促进社交和商贸的一个有利条件，它会给旅游和娱乐业带来新的生机。 2 [C, usu. pl.] the things that a company owns, that can be sold to pay debts 资产；财产 In addition to the money in a bank account, my assets include my house, my car, and my furniture. 除了银行账户里的钱以外，我的资产还包括房子、车子和家具。 sour a. having a sharp acid taste, like the taste of a lemon or a fruit that is not ready to be eaten 酸的 In my mouth I have a sour, vinegar taste coming from the pit of my stomach. 在我的嘴里有从胃中返出的醋酸味。 subjunctive a. used in grammar to express doubt, wishes, etc. （语法中的）虚拟语气的 n. （语法中的）虚拟语气 Please notice the subjunctive mood used in the sentence. 请注意在句子中的虚拟语气。 Phrases and expressions be/feel obliged to do sth. if you are obliged to do sth., you have to do it because the situation, the law, a duty, etc. makes it necessary （因形势、法律、义务等关系而）非做不可，迫使 I think Valentine’s Day is a waste of time, but I still feel obliged to send my wife a card. 我觉得情人节是在浪费时间，但我还是觉得有义务送贺卡给我妻子。 get/be serious about if you are serious about sth., you really mean it and are not joking or pretending 对…是认真的；并非开玩笑的 When you are staying with your roommates, you cannot get too serious about privacy. 你和你的室友相处的时候，不能太计较隐私。 run into sb. (infml.) meet sb. by chance 偶然遇见某人 You forgot all about your cousin’s birthday until you suddenly ran into her today. 要不是你今天偶然遇见了你表姐，你已全然忘记了她的生日。 fresh from having just come from a particular place or experience 刚从…来的；刚有…经历的 School principals should not expect teachers, fresh from college, to deal with a large group of difficult children. 学校的校长不应该指望刚从大学毕业的老师来应付一大群难以对付的孩子。 I’ve returned to the office, fresh from New York. 我刚从纽约回来，现已回到了办公室。 distinguish between recognize and understand the difference between two or more things or people 区分；辨别 The ability to read in a critical way involves the ability to distinguish between facts and the writer’s opinions or interpretations. 批判性阅读能力包括区分什么是事实、什么是作者自己的看法或解释的能力。 Some Christians do not want to distinguish between what are facts and what is myth. 一些基督徒不想辨别什么是事实，什么是神话。 nail sth. down 1 fasten sth. to sth. else with nails 钉；将某物钉牢 Will you nail down that loose board in the floor? 请把那块松动的地板钉牢好吗？ 2 (infml.) reach a final and definite agreement or decision about sth. 最终确定；对某事作出定论 Two days isn’t enough to nail down the details of an agreement. 要把协议的所有细节都确定下来，两天的时间是不够的。 thrust sth. upon sb. (usu. passive) force sb. to do or accept sth. 迫使某人做某事；迫使某人接受某事 She never enjoyed the fame that was thrust on her. 对于强加给她的名声，她从未感到过开心。 get/feel/be lost be unable to understand sth. because it is new, difficult, complicated, etc. 迷惘；困惑；不知所措 When you read faster, your comprehension goes up because instead of getting lost in the words, you see the general picture. 当你快速阅读的时候，理解力会上升，因为你看到的是一个整体画面，而没有拘泥于单个词汇。 become/be attracted to sth. become/be interested in sth. 对某事/物产生兴趣 out of curiosity because of curiosity 出于好奇 She decided to follow him out of curiosity. 出于好奇，她决定跟踪他。 look upon sb./sth. as consider sb. or sth. in a particular way, or as a particular thing 把某人/某物看作 We had established a general opinion which looked upon corruption in public office as a threat to society. 我们达成了一个共识：把公职腐败视为对社会的威胁。 We should learn to be caring and considerate and look upon everyone in the world as our brothers and sisters. 我们应该学会关心体贴, 把世界上的每个人都看作是我们的兄弟姐妹。 be equipped with sth. be provided with the things that are needed for a particular kind of activity or work 以…为装备；配备… All dormitory rooms are equipped with high speed Internet access. 宿舍所有的房间都配备了高速互联网。 The rooms are equipped with video cameras. 房间里都装了摄像机。 swell with pride/anger, etc. feel extremely proud/angry, etc. 洋洋得意/怒气冲冲等 Her heart swelled with pride as she stood watching her daughter win the race. 当她站在那儿看