CognitiveBehavioralTherapy认知行为疗法.ppt

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1、CBT view of depressionlDepression is related to the way individuals perceive and think about events in their environment lContribute to a negative view of the self, the world, and the futurelFeelings of self-blame, failure, and hopelessness lImpact mood and other behaviorslPeople with depression hav

2、e cognitive distortions in their views of themselves, the world, and the future EVENTTHOUGHTFEELINGBEHAVIORTreatment of Depressive DisorderslPsychosocial InterventionsCognitive therapyl Identify, challenge, and modify negative thought processes Misattributions Negative self-monitoring Short-term foc

3、us Excessively high performance standards Failure to self-reinforce Cognitive DistortionslAll-or-nothing thinkinglOvergeneralizationlMental filterlDisqualifying the positiveCognitive DistortionslJumping to conclusionsMind readingThe Fortune Teller errorCognitive DistortionslMagnification or minimiza

4、tionlEmotional reasoningl“Should” statementsCognitive DistortionslLabeling/mislabelinglPersonalizationLearned Helplessness and DepressionlSeligman (Seligman, 1974; 1975; 1978)lDepression is described in terms of learned helplessness lDepression develops in individuals who perceive themselves as havi

5、ng little or no control over rewards and punishments in their environmentLearned HelplessnesslDepression results from the individuals propensity to view negative events in their life as due to:their own characteristics (internal attributions)l“its all my fault, Im just not good with people, thats ju

6、st who I am”factors that are unlikely to change (attributions of stability) l“I keep getting fired because Im dumb, so why bother trying to get another job”factors that are likely to have an influence on the individual across situations (global attributions)Behavioral ViewslFerster (1974) and Lewins

7、ohn (1974):Depression may result from a lack of sufficient positive reinforcement in the environmentlLack of reinforcement can be caused by:change in residence failure to display appropriate social skillsEtc. Treatment of Depressive DisorderslPsychosocial Interventions, cont.Behavior therapylfocuses

8、 on increasing pleasurable activities and events, and providing the youngster with the skills necessary to obtain more reinforcementSundayMonday9-10ChurchLaundry10-11 ChurchStudy for test/Laundry11-12 LunchHistory class12-1Go to moviesLunch1-2MoviesStudy with friend2-3Study for testBus to school3-4S

9、tudy for testTake test4-5SwimmingBus home5-6DinnerDinner6-7Study for testWatch TV7-8TV/readingGo out with friends8-9TV/readingOut with friendsComponents of CBT Integration of cognitive and behavioral therapies, and has shown the most success in treating depression in young people Cognitive restructu

10、ring Activity Planning Problem-solving training Relaxation training Autogenics Deep Breathing Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) Homework assignmentsCognitive Behavior TherapylCBT is designed to change both negative thoughts (cognitions) and behaviorslDepressed children/adolescent learn about the n

11、ature of depression and how their mood is linked to both their thoughts and actionslThe focus is on developing better communication, problem-solving, anger-management, relaxation, and social skillslCBT (individual or group), is the most well-studied treatment for children and adolescents with depres

12、sionlHigh relapse rates suggest the need for ongoing treatment进入夏天，少不了一个热字当头，电扇空调陆续登场，每逢此时，总会进入夏天，少不了一个热字当头，电扇空调陆续登场，每逢此时，总会想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇，是记忆中的农村，夏季经常用的一件物品。记想起那一把蒲扇。蒲扇，是记忆中的农村，夏季经常用的一件物品。记忆中的故乡，每逢进入夏天，集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席，不论男女老忆中的故乡，每逢进入夏天，集市上最常见的便是蒲扇、凉席，不论男女老少，个个手持一把，忽闪忽闪个不停，嘴里叨叨着少，个个手持一把，忽闪忽闪个不停，嘴里叨叨着“怎么这

13、么热怎么这么热”，于是三，于是三五成群，聚在大树下，或站着，或随即坐在石头上，手持那把扇子，边唠嗑五成群，聚在大树下，或站着，或随即坐在石头上，手持那把扇子，边唠嗑边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳，热得满头大汗，不时听到边乘凉。孩子们却在周围跑跑跳跳，热得满头大汗，不时听到“强子，别跑强子，别跑了，快来我给你扇扇了，快来我给你扇扇”。孩子们才不听这一套，跑个没完，直到累气喘吁吁，。孩子们才不听这一套，跑个没完，直到累气喘吁吁，这才一跑一踮地围过了，这时母亲总是，好似生气的样子，边扇边训，这才一跑一踮地围过了，这时母亲总是，好似生气的样子，边扇边训，“你你看热的，跑什么？看热的，跑什么？”此时这把

14、蒲扇，是那么凉快，那么的温馨幸福，有母亲此时这把蒲扇，是那么凉快，那么的温馨幸福，有母亲的味道！蒲扇是中国传统工艺品，在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材的味道！蒲扇是中国传统工艺品，在我国已有三千年多年的历史。取材于棕榈树，制作简单，方便携带，且蒲扇的表面光滑，因而，古人常会在上于棕榈树，制作简单，方便携带，且蒲扇的表面光滑，因而，古人常会在上面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名，实即今日的蒲扇，江浙称之为面作画。古有棕扇、葵扇、蒲扇、蕉扇诸名，实即今日的蒲扇，江浙称之为芭蕉扇。六七十年代，人们最常用的就是这种，似圆非圆，轻巧又便宜的蒲芭蕉扇。六七十年代，人们最常用的就是这种，似圆非圆，轻巧又便宜的蒲扇。蒲扇流传至今，我的记忆中，它跨越了半个世纪，也走过了我们的扇。蒲扇流传至今，我的记忆中，它跨越了半个世纪，也走过了我们的半个人生的轨迹，携带着特有的念想，一年年，一天天，流向长长的时间隧半个人生的轨迹，携带着特有的念想，一年年，一天天，流向长长的时间隧道，袅道，袅